Menopause mysteries: the exosome-inflammation connection by Aarushi Sultania, Subhashini Brahadeeswaran, Aparna Eledath Kolasseri, Sivaraman Jayanthi, Ramasamy Tamizhselvi

“…Follicular fluid exosomes or extracellular vesicles (FF-EVs) secreted by ovarian granulosa cells are critical mediators of ovary growth and maturation. …”
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The role of tribbles homolog 2 in cell proliferation by Wenkang Zhang, Mingkang Li, Minhao Zhang, Gaoliang Yan, Chengchun Tang

“…TRIB2 is not only involved in the physiological proliferation of cells (granulosa cells, myoblasts, naive T cells, and thymocytes) during normal development but also in the pathological proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and a variety of cancer cells (lung cancer cells, liver cancer cells, leukemia cells, pancreatic cancer cells, gastric cancer cells, prostate cancer cells, thyroid cancer cells, cervical cancer cells, melanoma cells, colorectal cancer cells, ovarian cancer cells and osteosarcoma cells) under disease conditions. …”
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Targeting UGT2B15 and NR1H4 interaction: a novel therapeutic strategy for polycystic ovary syndrome using naftopidil enantiomers by Xiufen Zheng, Zikai Chen, Miao Liang, Liting Zhou, Miaoru Wang, Silin Zhang, Shuyun Zhang, Lei Ma, Wei Yi, Xiawen Liu

“…Results Elevated androgens were found to suppress UGT2B15 expression in ovarian granulosa cells, leading to DHT accumulation and apoptosis. …”
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The Roles of PPARs in the Fetal Origins of Metabolic Health and Disease by William D. Rees, Christopher J. McNeil, Christopher A. Maloney

“…In the maturing follicle, PPAR-γ has an important role in the granulosa cells that surround the maturing oocyte. After fertilisation, PPAR-γ and PPAR-β/δ are essential regulators of placentation and the subsequent development of key metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle and adipose cells. …”
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Exocyst complex component 1 (Exoc1) loss in dormant oocyte disrupts c-KIT and growth differentiation factor (GDF9) subcellular localization and causes female infertility in mice by Chi Lieu Kim Nguyen, Yumeno Kuba, Hoai Thu Le, Hossam Hassan Shawki, Natsuki Mikami, Madoka Aoki, Nanako Yasuhara, Hayate Suzuki, Saori Mizuno-Iijima, Shinya Ayabe, Yuki Osawa, Tomoyuki Fujiyama, Tra Thi Huong Dinh, Miyuki Ishida, Yoko Daitoku, Yoko Tanimoto, Kazuya Murata, Woojin Kang, Masatsugu Ema, Yuji Hirao, Atsuo Ogura, Satoru Takahashi, Fumihiro Sugiyama, Seiya Mizuno

“…The follicle, composed of oocytes and supporting granulosa cells, forms the basis of oogenesis. Crosstalk between oocytes and granulosa cells is essential for the formation, dormancy, re-awakening, and maturation of oocytes. …”
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Identification of crucial pathways and genes linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress in PCOS through combined bioinformatic analysis by Yan Zhang, Xiujuan Chen, Yuan Lin, Xiaoqing Liu, Xiumei Xiong

“…This study sought to identify granulosa cell endoplasmic reticulum stress (GCERS)-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between women with PCOS and those without PCOS using bioinformatics and to investigate the related molecular mechanisms.MethodsTwo datasets were downloaded from GEO and analysed using the limma package to identify DEGs in two groups—PCOS and normal granulosa cells. …”
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Identification of mitophagy-related biomarkers and immune infiltration in polycystic ovarian syndrome by bioinformatic study by Hongjuan Ye, Xicheng Wang, Zhiying He

“…GRN and NAPA were validated to be significantly different in oocytes and granulosa cells between primary and secondary follicles, respectively. …”
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17β-estradiol and estrogen receptor alpha protect mouse ovarian follicle development by repressing atresia by Eri Ueno, Mitsuya Watanabe, Yoshiko Kondo, Naomi Nakagata, Toru Takeo, Satohiro Nakao, Katsueki Ogiwara

“…Apoptotic cells were not observed in ovaries 24 and 48 h after OVA injection, and INHBA expression was absent in the growing follicles with apoptotic cells, whereas granulosa cells in follicles expressing INHBA also expressed estrogen receptor α (ESR1). …”
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Molecular Characterization and Expression of <i>unc-13d</i> in the Sex Reversal of <i>Monopterus albus</i> by Zitong Lian, Fang Meng, Xueping Xia, Junchao Fang, Haifeng Tian, Qiaomu Hu

“…A strong signal of <i>unc-13d</i> was detected in oocytes and granulosa cells in the ovary and spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in the testes. …”
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The highly prolific phenotype of Lacaune sheep is associated with an ectopic expression of the B4GALNT2 gene within the ovary. by Laurence Drouilhet, Camille Mansanet, Julien Sarry, Kamila Tabet, Philippe Bardou, Florent Woloszyn, Jérome Lluch, Grégoire Harichaux, Catherine Viguié, Danielle Monniaux, Loys Bodin, Philippe Mulsant, Stéphane Fabre

“…In FecL(L) carrier ewes only, B4GALNT2 transferase activity was localized in granulosa cells and specifically glycosylated proteins were detected in granulosa cell extracts and follicular fluids. …”
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Spatial Transcriptome and Single Nucleus Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Tetrahydroxy Stilbene Glucoside Promotes Ovarian Organoids Development Through the Vegfa‐Ephb2 Pair by Chunlan Mu, Xiaoyong Li, Jiamei Yang, Geng G. Tian, Hepeng Bai, Wenhui Lin, Linhui Wang, Ji Wu

“…This analysis indicates that TSG promotes ovarian organoid development through the vascular endothelial growth factor A‐Eph receptor B2 ligand‐receptor pair between granulosa cells and oocytes. This study has enhanced the understanding of the mechanisms of ovarian organoid development, establishes a technical platform for screening compounds for treating infertility and related diseases, and lays a foundation for clinically applying plant‐derived compounds.…”
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Nicotinamide riboside supplementation ameliorates ovarian dysfunction in a PCOS mouse model by Zhenye Zhu, Min Lei, Ruizhi Guo, Yining Xu, Yanqing Zhao, Chenlu Wei, Qingling Yang, Yingpu Sun

“…Our previous study revealed that reduced levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) of women with PCOS resulted in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction. …”
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Evaluating ovarian follicles and their steroid hormone gene expression patterns in a high egg-producing research turkey line by George B. Hall, Diane Hildenberger, Julie A. Long, Kristen Diehl

“…At the same time, the decrease in estradiol receptor might limit the negative effects of estradiol on granulosa cells and allow for more rapid growth, suggesting a possible mechanism for the higher egg production trait of the E line.…”
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Genome-wide association studies identify two novel BMP15 mutations responsible for an atypical hyperprolificacy phenotype in sheep. by Julie Demars, Stéphane Fabre, Julien Sarry, Raffaella Rossetti, Hélène Gilbert, Luca Persani, Gwenola Tosser-Klopp, Philippe Mulsant, Zuzanna Nowak, Wioleta Drobik, Elzbieta Martyniuk, Loys Bodin

“…Both mutations are located in very well conserved motifs of the protein and altered the BMP15 signaling activity in vitro using a BMP-responsive luciferase test in COV434 granulosa cells. Thus, we have identified two novel mutations in the BMP15 gene associated with increased LS and OR. …”
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Role of Inhibin B and Ratio of Luteinizing: Follicle-Stimulating Hormones in Phenotyping Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by Zainab G. Falh, Basil O. Saleh, Afraa M. Al Naddawi, Ghada Mohammed

“… Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is among the leading causes of fertility-related problems and menstrual irregularities in women of reproductive age. The granulosa cells of the developing pre-antral and antral follicles produce inhibin B, which triggers chemical responses in the ovaries. …”
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Development of machine learning models for diagnostic biomarker identification and immune cell infiltration analysis in PCOS by Wenxiu Chen, Jianliang Miao, Jingfei Chen, Jianlin Chen

“…Methods We performed RNA-seq analysis on granulosa cell, including 13 samples from normal controls and 25 samples from women with PCOS. …”
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Age-related calcium signaling disturbance restricted cAMP metabolism and induced ovarian oxidation stress in laying ducks by Cheng-long Jin, Sheng-lin Wang, Shuang Wang, Ya-nan Zhang, Wei-guang Xia, Chang Zhang, Xue-bing Huang, Kai-chao Li, Chun-tian Zheng, Wei Chen

“…We found the poor productive performance of aged ducks was correlated with follicle decreased numbers and atrophied microstructure, and restricted antioxidant ability of granulosa cells (GCs). Then, according to RNA-Seq analysis, we detected those aged ducks displayed lower Ca concentration in the ovary, while Ca channel related gene expression was increased in GCs to maintain homeostasis. …”
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Stage-dependent changes in culture medium osmolality promote porcine oocyte maturation in vitro by Lixiang Liu, Lixiang Liu, Yu Tang, Yu Tang, Jing Shao, Jing Shao, Bingfeng Fan, Bingfeng Fan, Yifeng Yang, Yifeng Yang, Ying Zhang, Ying Zhang, Xiangyuan Zhao, Xiangyuan Zhao, Hailong Xue, Hailong Xue, Huimin Sun, Huimin Sun, Xulin Zhang, Xulin Zhang, Yushi Zhang, Yushi Zhang, Baozeng Xu, Baozeng Xu

“…In the presence of 1 mM glycine, we adjusted the osmolality of the culture medium from low to high (290 mOsM for the first 22 h and 320 mOsM thereafter) by adding raffinose, which cannot be used by animal cells, in a culture stage-dependent manner.ResultsStage-dependent adjustment of simplified medium PZM-3 osmolarity (290 mOsM for the first 22 h and 320 mOsM thereafter) in the presence of 1 mM glycine significantly improved the quality of porcine oocyte maturation in vitro, manifested by the oocyte maturation rate, functional mitochondrial distribution and activity, the transcript levels of glycolysis genes in granulosa cells, and subsequent embryonic developmental ability and ROS levels.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that optimizing cell volume regulation can further enhance the developmental potential of oocytes cultured in vitro.…”
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Biology and Biotechnology of Follicle Development by Gustavo Adolfo Palma, Martin Eduardo Argañaraz, Antonio Daniel Barrera, Daniela Rodler, Adrian Ángel Mutto, Fred Sinowatz

“…Thecal factors promote granulosa cell proliferation and suppress granulosa cell apoptosis. …”
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Establishment and Mechanism Study of a Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Mouse Model Using Lipopolysaccharide by Si-Ji Lv, Shu-Hui Hou, Lei Gan, Jing Sun

“…Also, LPS promoted granulosa cell apoptosis and ovarian fibrosis in mice. …”
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