408 Cases of Genital Ambiguity Followed by Single Multidisciplinary Team during 23 Years: Etiologic Diagnosis and Sex of Rearing by Georgette Beatriz De Paula, Beatriz Amstalden Barros, Stela Carpini, Bruna Jordan Tincani, Tais Nitsch Mazzola, Mara Sanches Guaragna, Cristiane Santos da Cruz Piveta, Laurione Candido de Oliveira, Juliana Gabriel Ribeiro Andrade, Guilherme Guaragna-Filho, Pedro Perez Barbieri, Nathalia Montibeler Ferreira, Marcio Lopes Miranda, Ezequiel Moreira Gonçalves, Andre Moreno Morcillo, Nilma Lucia Viguetti-Campos, Sofia Helena Valente Lemos-Marini, Roberto Benedito de Paiva Silva, Antonia Paula Marques-de-Faria, Maricilda Palandi De Mello, Andrea Trevas Maciel-Guerra, Gil Guerra-Junior

“…In the DGD group, 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis, mixed gonadal dysgenesis, and ovotesticular DSD were more frequent. …”
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Emerging Technologies to Control Oocyte Apoptosis Are Finally Treading on Fertile Ground by Jonathan L. Tilly

“…Indeed, one of the most worrisome side effects of conventional cancer treatments is damage to the gonads. This problem is compounded in females since the ovaries, unlike the testes, are incapable of germ cell renewal in postnatal life. …”
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Increased DHEAS and Decreased Total Testosterone Serum Levels in a Subset of Men with Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia: Does a Male PCOS-Equivalent Exist? by Rossella Cannarella, Rosita A. Condorelli, Federica Dall’Oglio, Sandro La Vignera, Laura M. Mongioì, Giuseppe Micali, Aldo E. Calogero

“…The aim of the study was to assess gonadal and adrenal function in a subset of men with early-onset AGA and controls. …”
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Female Reproduction and Fertility by Maurizio Vitti, Giovanna Di Emidio, Michela Di Carlo, Gaspare Carta, Andrea Antonosante, Paolo Giovanni Artini, Annamaria Cimini, Carla Tatone, Elisabetta Benedetti

“…All PPARs isotypes are expressed along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and are strictly involved in reproductive functions. …”
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Heat-not-burn technology affects plasma testosterone levels and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress in the testes of rats by Silvia Granata, Camilla Morosini, Maria Chiara Valerii, Ivan Fagiolino, Stefano Sangiorgi, Severino Ghini, Enzo Spisni, Fabio Vivarelli, Lucy C. Fairclough, Moreno Paolini, Donatella Canistro

“…The impairment of some androgenic key enzymes and those related to the activity of seminiferous epithelium, together with the decrease in testosterone levels, suggest an impairment of gonadal function through the alteration of some cellular pathways typically associated with tobacco consumption.…”
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Successful Advanced Maternal Age Pregnancy with Mosaic Turner Syndrome Conceived after Ovulation Induction with Clomiphene Citrate: A Case Report by Masahiro Murakami, Kenji Hinokio, Machiko Kiyokawa, Mikio Morine, Takeshi Iwasa

“…Turner women typically experience gonadal dysfunction that results in amenorrhea and sterility. …”
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Leydig Cell Tumor in a Patient with 46,XX Disorder of Sex Development (DSD), Ovotesticular: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature by Steffen Gretser, Maria-Noemi Welte, Frederik Roos, Jens Köllermann

“…Disorder of sex development (DSD) is a rare condition with atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex. It is classified in different subgroups based on the patient’s karyotype, gonadal dysgenesis, and the appearance of the internal and external genitalia. …”
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GATA4 binding to the Sox9 enhancer mXYSRa/Enh13 is critical for testis differentiation in mouse by Yuya Ogawa, Iku Tsuchiya, Shogo Yanai, Takashi Baba, Ken-Ichirou Morohashi, Takehiko Sasaki, Junko Sasaki, Miho Terao, Atsumi Tsuji-Hosokawa, Shuji Takada

“…Abstract In mammals, SOX9/Sox9 expression in embryonic gonads is essential for male gonadal sex determination. …”
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Physiologic Course of Female Reproductive Function: A Molecular Look into the Prologue of Life by Joselyn Rojas, Mervin Chávez-Castillo, Luis Carlos Olivar, María Calvo, José Mejías, Milagros Rojas, Jessenia Morillo, Valmore Bermúdez

“…This vital course may be systematized in three subsequent stages: prenatal development of ovaries and germ cells up until in utero arrest of follicular growth and the ensuing interim suspension of gonadal function; onset of reproductive maturity through puberty, with reinitiation of both gonadal and adrenal activity; and adult functionality of the ovarian cycle which permits ovulation, a key event in female fertility, and dictates concurrent modifications in the endometrium and other ovarian hormone-sensitive tissues. …”
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Seasonal changes in the reproductive cycle and condition index of the surf clam Mactra stultorum (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia by Derbali Abdelkarim

“…The reproduction of M. stultorum was strongly influenced by fluctuations in the seawater temperature, as reflected through the temporal variation in the gonadal cycle, condition index (CI) and tissue weight rate (TiWR). …”
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Aspectos moleculares de la determinación del sexo en tortugas by Leda Carolina Torres Maldonado, Horacio Merchant Larios

“…Se sugiere que éstos podrían formar parte de la cascada de genes que regulan la diferenciación gonadal en L. olivacea.…”
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Description of a New Species of Aquilonastra (Asteroidea: Valvatida: Asterinidae) from Langkawi Island, Malaysia by Itaru Kobayashi, Masaki Yamamoto, Mikihito Arai, Sau Pinn Woo, Toshihiko Fujita

“…This new species is distinguished from 32 congeners based on the number of arms, madreporites, superomarginal and subambulacral spines, the absence of secondary abactinal plates, the shape of abactinal spines, and the attachment site of gonads.…”

Anti-Müllerian Hormone as a Sensitive Marker of Ovarian Function in Young Cancer Survivors by Maryna Krawczuk-Rybak, Elzbieta Leszczynska, Marta Poznanska, Beata Zelazowska-Rutkowska, Jolanta Wysocka

“…We evaluated ovarian function by measuring the levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol, and gonadotropins in 83 young women treated for cancer during childhood and adolescence, and classified according to post-treatment gonadal toxicity versus 38 healthy females. Results. …”
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Neural Compensations After Lesion of the Cerebral Cortex by Bryan Kolb, Russell Brown, Alane Witt-Lajeunesse, Robbin Gibb

“…Functional improvement after cortical injury can be stimulated by various factors including experience, psychomotor stimulants, gonadal hormones, and neurotrophic factors. The, timing of the administration of these factors may be critical, however. …”
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Reproductive Biology of the Mullet, Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton, 1822) (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) in the Sitakunda Coast of Bay of Bengal, Chattogram, Bangladesh by Syeda Ismat Ara, M. Ali Azadi, Munira Nasiruddin

“…In the male fish, immature, mature, and spent gonads were recorded as 69%, 27%, and 4%, respectively, while in the female fish, immature, maturing, mature, ripe, and spent gonads were recorded as 72%, 9% 11%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. …”
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Exercise reduced the formation of new adipocytes in the adipose tissue of mice in vivo. by Timothy D Allerton, Jonathan J Savoie, Mark D Fitch, Marc K Hellerstein, Jacqueline M Stephens, Ursula White

“…In vivo adipocyte formation was assessed by the incorporation of deuterium (2H) into the DNA of newly formed adipocytes in the inguinal and gonadal adipose depots. A two-way ANOVA revealed that exercise significantly decreased new adipocyte formation in the adipose tissue of mice in the EX group relative to the SED group (activity effect; P = 0.02). …”
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How endocrine disruptors affect fish reproduction on multiple levels: A review by Socha Magdalena, Chyb Jarosław, Suder Aleksandra, Bojarski Bartosz

“…These compounds have negative impacts on gonads, oocyte maturation, steroidogenesis, and gametes. …”
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Critical appraisal of diagnostic laboratory tests in the evaluation of central precocious puberty by Kanthi Bangalore Krishna, Luigi Garibaldi

“…Pubertal onset is characterized by reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis resulting in pulsatile gonadotropin secretion and subsequent sex steroid production. …”
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Multi-tissue characterization of the constitutive heterochromatin proteome in Drosophila identifies a link between satellite DNA organization and transposon repression. by Ankita Chavan, Lena Skrutl, Federico Uliana, Melanie Pfister, Franziska Brändle, Laszlo Tirian, Delora Baptista, Dominik Handler, David Burke, Anna Sintsova, Pedro Beltrao, Julius Brennecke, Madhav Jagannathan

“…Using genetics, transcriptomics, and small RNA profiling, we show that flies lacking D1 during embryogenesis exhibit transposon expression and gonadal atrophy as adults. We further demonstrate that this gonadal atrophy can be rescued by mutating the checkpoint kinase, Chk2, which mediates germ cell arrest in response to transposon mobilization. …”
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Giant Primary Retroperitoneal Teratoma in an Adult: A Case Report by Poonam Mathur, Miguel A. Lopez-Viego, Myron Howell

“…Teratomas are bizarre neoplasms derived from embryonic tissues that are typically found only in the gonadal and sacrococcygeal regions of adults. Retroperitoneal teratomas are rare and present challenging management options. …”
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