Congenital Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia, as a Poorly Understood Cause of 46 XY Sexual Differentiation Disorder by Raúl Villanueva Rodríguez, Alberto Vielma Valdez, Maricruz Cassou Martinez, Laura Leticia Pérez Corrales, Ramón G. de los Santos Aguilar, Luis David Sol Oliva

“…Disorders of sexual differentiation are defined as congenital alterations between chromosomal, gonadal, and phenotypic sex. The principal cause of these disorders is an adrenal origin; however, there are infrequent causes, such as congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. …”
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Checklist for the Structural Description of the Deep Phenotype in Disorders of Sexual Development by L. Wünsch

“…This is a relevant question, because extensive phenotypic variability occurs in gonads and sex ducts. With the advance of video endoscopy and laparoscopy, fresh insight in gonadal and sex duct anatomy is emerging. …”
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“Rosary of Testes”: Splenogonadal Fusion in Association with Bilateral Abdominal Testes Presenting as Polyorchidism by Pejman Shadpour, Behkam Rezaimehr

“…Polyorchidism is a rare anomaly where early segmentation in the gonadal ridge can lead to the development of three or less commonly four testes in one individual. …”
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Fertility Preservation in Girls by Jennia Michaeli, Michael Weintraub, Eitan Gross, Yehuda Ginosar, Vardit Ravitsky, Einat Eizenman, Eduardo Mitrani, Meital Lebovich, Neri Laufer, Stephen Kennedy, Ariel Revel

“…Children that undergo treatment for cancer are at risk of suffering from subfertility or hormonal dysfunction due to the detrimental effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents on the gonads. Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue prior to treatment offers the possibility of restoring gonadal function after resumption of therapy. …”
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Perrault Syndrome Diagnosis in a Patient Presenting to Her Primary Care Provider with Secondary Amenorrhea by Leah May Roberts, Bruce Carnivale

“…She was referred to the OB-GYN service, gonadal dysgenesis was diagnosed, and proper treatment was initiated. …”
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A Bird’s-Eye Overview of Leptin and Female Reproduction —with Mammalian Comparisons by Sadequllah Ahmadi, Takeshi Ohkubo

“…In birds, leptin is expressed in the brain, pituitary glands, and gonads, where it enhances ovarian function and egg-laying performance, particularly during feed deprivation. …”
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Emerging Technologies to Control Oocyte Apoptosis Are Finally Treading on Fertile Ground by Jonathan L. Tilly

“…Indeed, one of the most worrisome side effects of conventional cancer treatments is damage to the gonads. This problem is compounded in females since the ovaries, unlike the testes, are incapable of germ cell renewal in postnatal life. …”
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Increased DHEAS and Decreased Total Testosterone Serum Levels in a Subset of Men with Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia: Does a Male PCOS-Equivalent Exist? by Rossella Cannarella, Rosita A. Condorelli, Federica Dall’Oglio, Sandro La Vignera, Laura M. Mongioì, Giuseppe Micali, Aldo E. Calogero

“…The aim of the study was to assess gonadal and adrenal function in a subset of men with early-onset AGA and controls. …”
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Female Reproduction and Fertility by Maurizio Vitti, Giovanna Di Emidio, Michela Di Carlo, Gaspare Carta, Andrea Antonosante, Paolo Giovanni Artini, Annamaria Cimini, Carla Tatone, Elisabetta Benedetti

“…All PPARs isotypes are expressed along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and are strictly involved in reproductive functions. …”
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Heat-not-burn technology affects plasma testosterone levels and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress in the testes of rats by Silvia Granata, Camilla Morosini, Maria Chiara Valerii, Ivan Fagiolino, Stefano Sangiorgi, Severino Ghini, Enzo Spisni, Fabio Vivarelli, Lucy C. Fairclough, Moreno Paolini, Donatella Canistro

“…The impairment of some androgenic key enzymes and those related to the activity of seminiferous epithelium, together with the decrease in testosterone levels, suggest an impairment of gonadal function through the alteration of some cellular pathways typically associated with tobacco consumption.…”
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Successful Advanced Maternal Age Pregnancy with Mosaic Turner Syndrome Conceived after Ovulation Induction with Clomiphene Citrate: A Case Report by Masahiro Murakami, Kenji Hinokio, Machiko Kiyokawa, Mikio Morine, Takeshi Iwasa

“…Turner women typically experience gonadal dysfunction that results in amenorrhea and sterility. …”
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Leydig Cell Tumor in a Patient with 46,XX Disorder of Sex Development (DSD), Ovotesticular: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature by Steffen Gretser, Maria-Noemi Welte, Frederik Roos, Jens Köllermann

“…Disorder of sex development (DSD) is a rare condition with atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex. It is classified in different subgroups based on the patient’s karyotype, gonadal dysgenesis, and the appearance of the internal and external genitalia. …”
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GATA4 binding to the Sox9 enhancer mXYSRa/Enh13 is critical for testis differentiation in mouse by Yuya Ogawa, Iku Tsuchiya, Shogo Yanai, Takashi Baba, Ken-Ichirou Morohashi, Takehiko Sasaki, Junko Sasaki, Miho Terao, Atsumi Tsuji-Hosokawa, Shuji Takada

“…Abstract In mammals, SOX9/Sox9 expression in embryonic gonads is essential for male gonadal sex determination. …”
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Physiologic Course of Female Reproductive Function: A Molecular Look into the Prologue of Life by Joselyn Rojas, Mervin Chávez-Castillo, Luis Carlos Olivar, María Calvo, José Mejías, Milagros Rojas, Jessenia Morillo, Valmore Bermúdez

“…This vital course may be systematized in three subsequent stages: prenatal development of ovaries and germ cells up until in utero arrest of follicular growth and the ensuing interim suspension of gonadal function; onset of reproductive maturity through puberty, with reinitiation of both gonadal and adrenal activity; and adult functionality of the ovarian cycle which permits ovulation, a key event in female fertility, and dictates concurrent modifications in the endometrium and other ovarian hormone-sensitive tissues. …”
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Seasonal changes in the reproductive cycle and condition index of the surf clam Mactra stultorum (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia by Derbali Abdelkarim

“…The reproduction of M. stultorum was strongly influenced by fluctuations in the seawater temperature, as reflected through the temporal variation in the gonadal cycle, condition index (CI) and tissue weight rate (TiWR). …”
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Aspectos moleculares de la determinación del sexo en tortugas by Leda Carolina Torres Maldonado, Horacio Merchant Larios

“…Se sugiere que éstos podrían formar parte de la cascada de genes que regulan la diferenciación gonadal en L. olivacea.…”
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Anti-Müllerian Hormone as a Sensitive Marker of Ovarian Function in Young Cancer Survivors by Maryna Krawczuk-Rybak, Elzbieta Leszczynska, Marta Poznanska, Beata Zelazowska-Rutkowska, Jolanta Wysocka

“…We evaluated ovarian function by measuring the levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), estradiol, and gonadotropins in 83 young women treated for cancer during childhood and adolescence, and classified according to post-treatment gonadal toxicity versus 38 healthy females. Results. …”
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Neural Compensations After Lesion of the Cerebral Cortex by Bryan Kolb, Russell Brown, Alane Witt-Lajeunesse, Robbin Gibb

“…Functional improvement after cortical injury can be stimulated by various factors including experience, psychomotor stimulants, gonadal hormones, and neurotrophic factors. The, timing of the administration of these factors may be critical, however. …”
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Reproductive Biology of the Mullet, Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton, 1822) (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) in the Sitakunda Coast of Bay of Bengal, Chattogram, Bangladesh by Syeda Ismat Ara, M. Ali Azadi, Munira Nasiruddin

“…In the male fish, immature, mature, and spent gonads were recorded as 69%, 27%, and 4%, respectively, while in the female fish, immature, maturing, mature, ripe, and spent gonads were recorded as 72%, 9% 11%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. …”
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Exercise reduced the formation of new adipocytes in the adipose tissue of mice in vivo. by Timothy D Allerton, Jonathan J Savoie, Mark D Fitch, Marc K Hellerstein, Jacqueline M Stephens, Ursula White

“…In vivo adipocyte formation was assessed by the incorporation of deuterium (2H) into the DNA of newly formed adipocytes in the inguinal and gonadal adipose depots. A two-way ANOVA revealed that exercise significantly decreased new adipocyte formation in the adipose tissue of mice in the EX group relative to the SED group (activity effect; P = 0.02). …”
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