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81
Stochastic modelling of PTEN regulation in brain tumors: A model for glioblastoma multiforme
Published 2015-05-01“…Our model also covers protein formation and the backward mechanism going from the protein back to the miRNA.The numerical simulations show that the model reproduces the expected dynamics of normal glial cells. Moreover, the introduction of translational and transcriptional delays offers some interesting insights for the PTEN low expression as observed in brain tumor cells.…”
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82
Myelin ensheathment and drug responses of oligodendrocytes are modulated by stiffness of artificial axons.
Published 2025-01-01“…Myelination is a key biological process wherein glial cells such as oligodendrocytes wrap myelin around neuronal axons, forming an insulative sheath that accelerates signal propagation down the axon. …”
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83
An Emerging New Paradigm in Opioid Withdrawal: A Critical Role for Glia-Neuron Signaling in the Periaqueductal Gray
Published 2012-01-01“…We summarize those neurochemical mechanisms associated with opioid withdrawal including the recently defined importance of TNFα release from activated glial cells that communicate with TNF receptors on PAG neurons.…”
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84
Potential common targets of music therapy intervention in neuropsychiatric disorders: the prefrontal cortex-hippocampus -amygdala circuit (a review)
Published 2025-02-01“…It is also hypothesized that glial cells, mitochondria and microRNAs are microscopic targets for musical intervention in neuropsychiatric disorders. …”
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85
Cytokines and Myelination in the Central Nervous System
Published 2008-01-01“…Many cytokines are virtually undetectable in the uninflamed central nervous system (CNS), so that their rapid induction and sustained elevation in immune and glial cells contributes to dysregulation of the inflammatory response and neural cell homeostasis. …”
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86
A Proposed Role for Lymphatic Supermicrosurgery in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: A Primer for Reconstructive Microsurgeons
“…The relatively recent discovery of a novel lymphatic system within the brain meninges has spurred interest in how waste products generated by neurons and glial cells—including proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology such as amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau—are disposed of. …”
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87
The Leech Nervous System: A Valuable Model to Study the Microglia Involvement in Regenerative Processes
Published 2013-01-01“…The microglia recruitment is known to be essential for the usual sprouting of injured axons and does not require any other glial cells. The present review will describe the questions which are addressed to understand the nerve repair. …”
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88
Neuron-Glia Interactions in Neural Plasticity: Contributions of Neural Extracellular Matrix and Perineuronal Nets
Published 2016-01-01“…Synapses are specialized structures that mediate rapid and efficient signal transmission between neurons and are surrounded by glial cells. Astrocytes develop an intimate association with synapses in the central nervous system (CNS) and contribute to the regulation of ion and neurotransmitter concentrations. …”
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89
Plasticity of Neuron-Glial Transmission: Equipping Glia for Long-Term Integration of Network Activity
Published 2015-01-01“…The capacity of synaptic networks to express activity-dependent changes in strength and connectivity is essential for learning and memory processes. In recent years, glial cells (most notably astrocytes) have been recognized as active participants in the modulation of synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, implicating these electrically nonexcitable cells in information processing in the brain. …”
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90
Pioglitazone Ameliorates Neuron Loss in the Cortex after Aluminum-Treatment in Rats
Published 2015-01-01“…The total number of the neurons and glial cells was also reduced (40% and 25%, resp.) in the Al-exposed rats in comparison to the control ones (P<0.02). …”
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91
Intracranial Gliofibroma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Published 2014-01-01“…Histologically, the tumor consisted of a mixture of glial cells and collagen-rich stroma. Immunohistochemical examination revealed positive staining for GFAP, CD 99, S100, and vimentin. …”
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92
The Proviral Reservoirs of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection
Published 2024-12-01“…These cells form a heterogeneous group, represented by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), tissue-resident lymphoid and monocytic cells, and glial cells of the central nervous system. The importance of studying the properties of proviral reservoirs is connected with the inaccessibility of integrated HIV proviral DNA for modern anti-retroviral therapies (ARTs) that block virus reproduction. …”
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93
DNA repair in cancer stem cells as a factor for glioma resistance to radiotherapy
Published 2015-07-01“…Gliomas are brain tumors originating from glial cells and their precursor cells. In spite of currently used therapy, patient survival remains very poor. …”
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94
Schwann cells in regeneration and cancer
Published 2025-01-01“…Schwann cells are specific peripheral glial cells with remarkable plasticity following peripheral nerve injury. …”
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95
Hippocampal Proliferation Is Increased in Presymptomatic Parkinson’s Disease and due to Microglia
Published 2014-01-01“…In contrast to proliferation in the substantia nigra and subventricular zone, little is known about the HC in PD. In addition, glial cells contribute to neurodegenerative processes and may proliferate in response to PD pathology. …”
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96
Adherent junctions: Physiology, role in hydrocephalus and potential therapeutic targets
Published 2025-06-01“…Obstructive hydrocephalus is often associated with excessive ependymal cells produced by differentiation of radial glial cells. The etiology of communicating hydrocephalus is mainly related to the dyskinesia of cerebrospinal fluid. …”
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97
The effect of culture media and seeding densities on the human malignant testicular germ cell line (NT2/D1) growth pattern
Published 2025-02-01“…The NT2/D1 cell line, a pluripotent embryonal carcinoma, is valuable in cancer and developmental biology research due to its differentiation potential into neurons and glial cells. Although Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is often used to promote cell growth, its limitations necessitate optimized culture conditions. …”
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98
The effect of soy isoflavones in brain development: the emerging role of multiple signaling pathways and future perspectives
Published 2024-04-01“…Endogenous estrogen plays a crucial role in brain development through binding to estrogen receptors (ERs) or G protein-coupled estrogen receptors 1 (GPER1) and regulates morphogenesis, migration, functional maturation, and intracellular metabolism of neurons and glial cells. Soy isoflavones can also bind to ERs, GPER1, and, furthermore, other receptors to modulate their action. …”
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99
Chemokine Expression in Human Astrocytes in Response to Shiga Toxin 2
Published 2012-01-01“…These results suggest that Stx2 induces inflammatory responses, particularly through expression of chemokines, in HASTs expressing Gb3 and may, thus, affect brain glial cells, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of CNS manifestations associated with HUS.…”
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100
Adenosine A2A Receptors Modulate Acute Injury and Neuroinflammation in Brain Ischemia
Published 2014-01-01“…Adenosine A2A receptor is expressed in neurons and glial cells and in inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and granulocytes). …”
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