IL-21 shapes the B cell response in a context-dependent manner by Youngjun Kim, Francesca Manara, Simon Grassmann, Kalina T. Belcheva, Kanelly Reyes, Hyunu Kim, Stephanie Downs-Canner, William T. Yewdell, Joseph C. Sun, Jayanta Chaudhuri

“…Summary: The T-cell-derived cytokine IL-21 is crucial for germinal center (GC) responses, but its precise role in B cell function has remained elusive. …”
Get full text

Reproductive and genotoxic effects of dinotefuran in male Sprague Dawley rats by A. G. Abdelkader, W. H. Mohamed, M. Abou-Ellail, K. A. Amein

“…Histopathological examination of the testes revealed hypertrophied seminiferous tubules of testes with a disrupted arrangement of germinal epithelial cells accompanied by many necrotic areas. …”

Histopathologic effects of mobile phone radiation exposure on the testes and sperm parameters: a systematic literature review of animal studies by Ebrahim Msaye Assefa, Seid Mohammed Abdu

“…Studies have identified histopathological alterations in testicular tissue caused by mobile phone radiation, such as reduced seminiferous tubule diameter, tunica albuginea and germinal epithelial thickness, Leydig cell hypoplasia, and increased intertubular space. …”
Get full text

The histological studies in spleen and bursa of fabricius of hormonally thymectomised chickens by Mustafa Sandıkçı

“…At 2, 4, 6 days following the HCA treatment, it was demonstrated that spleens reduced Ihe size, the frequency of lymphocyte decreased and germinal centers disappeared. In these periods, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive lymphocyles lound in peri arteri olar lymphatic sheath in the control group, but the ANAE-positive cells were not observed in the HCA treated group. …”
Get full text

Stable Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Maritime Pine Based on Kanamycin Selection by José M. Alvarez, Ricardo J. Ordás

“…The transgenic embryos were germinated and the axillar shoots were rooted. Transgenic plants were transferred to potting substrate showing normal growth.…”
Get full text

Les services écologiques des bonobos (Pan paniscus) by David Beaune, François Bretagnolle, Loïc Bollache, Chloé Bourson, Gottfried Hohmann, Barbara Fruth

“…On average, an individual bonobo dispersed 172 kg y-1of seeds (or 220,000 seeds y-1) of more than 91 plant species by endozoochory over an average distance of 1.2 km from the parent tree. Passed seeds germinated more rapidly, more successfully and had greater post-dispersal survival than unpassed seeds. …”
Get full text

Avicennia alba, an Additional Potential Carbon Sequester in Mangrove Ecosystems by Nur Hasyimah Ramli, Nursyazni Abdul Rahim, Nur Azimah Osman, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik, Nabilah Mawi, Nor Bazilah Razali, Farah Ayuni Farinordin

“…A number of 120 seed samples of A. alba was divided into two groups; 60 germinated seeds placed in a CO2 incubator and 60 in a shade house as control. …”
Get full text

Follicular Helper CD4+ T Cells in Human Neuroautoimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models by Xueli Fan, Chenhong Lin, Jinming Han, Xinmei Jiang, Jie Zhu, Tao Jin

“…Follicular helper CD4+ T (TFH) cells play a fundamental role in humoral immunity deriving from their ability to provide help for germinal center (GC) formation, B cell differentiation into plasma cells and memory cells, and antibody production in secondary lymphoid tissues. …”
Get full text

Wavelength-dependent DNA damage induced by single wavelengths of UV-C radiation (215 to 255 nm) in a human cornea model by Manuela Buonanno, Raabia Hashmi, Camryn E. Petersen, Zheng Tang, David Welch, Igor Shuryak, David J. Brenner

“…Unlike relatively longer wavelengths, the range of wavelengths commonly referred to as far-UV-C (215–235 nm) only induced dimers in the uppermost layers of the epithelium and did not result in lasting damage or halt proliferation of the germinative cells. These results provide evidence for the recommended exposure limits for far-UV-C wavelengths, which have been proposed as a practical technology to reduce the risk of transmission of airborne diseases in occupied locations.…”
Get full text

Application of different doses of compost as a substitution of the commercial substrate in nursery for pepper and tomato seedlings by Maria Fiasconaro, Mariana Abrile, Lucia Hintermeister, Maria del Carmen Antolin, Maria Eugenia Lovato

“…They were used as peat substitutes in different doses depending on the germinating species: control (CS-commercial substrate) and three growing media prepared with perlite: 25, 35, and 45% of ZC, FC, and BC for pepper seedlings and 40, 55 and 70% of ZC, FC, and BC for tomato seedlings. …”
Get full text

Biallelic mutations in CDC20 cause female infertility due to oocyte maturation abnormality by Guangzhong Jiao, Jinhao Xing, Zhaoli Du, Hongchu Bao, Xiaoyan Liu

“…Oocyte maturation arrest (OMA) may occur at different stages, including the germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (MI), and metaphase II (MII). …”
Get full text

Absence of Substantial Copy Number Differences in a Pair of Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Features of Autism Spectrum Disorder by Marina Laplana, José Luis Royo, Anton Aluja, Ricard López, Damiàn Heine-Sunyer, Joan Fibla

“…Array CGH was performed in three different tissues: blood, saliva, and hair follicle, in an attempt to identify germinal and somatic CNV regions that may explain these differences. …”
Get full text

The triterpenoid curcumene mediates the relative hydrophilicity of Bacillus subtilis spores by Stefany Castaldi, Giuliana Donadio, Ivana Staiano, Ezio Ricca, Rachele Isticato

“…The metabolically quiescent spores withstand conditions that would be lethal for other cells, maintaining the capacity to sense the environment and respond to the presence of favorable conditions by germinating. Such remarkable resistance is also due to the complex layers that surround the spore cytoplasm and protect it against damaging factors. …”
Get full text

Co-composting of olive mill waste cake residues (OMWC) and other wastes: Prediction and optimization using an optimal mixture design by Imane Mehdaoui, Faical El Ouadrhiri, Saoudi Hassani El Mokhtar, Rachid Mahmoud, Mohamed Ben Abbou, Amal Lahkimi, Mustapha Taleb, Zakia Rais

“…In addition, using spectroscopic analysis, maturation and phytotoxicity tests were carried out on the germinating cress. Conclusion: The results of this research indicated the achievement of an ideal composition of an adequate mixture that had the characteristics of an organic amendment, non-phytotoxic and in conformity with the NFU-44-051 that led to mature compost. …”
Get full text

The insertion of an ancestral gene in Nicotiana tabacum plants reduces free radicals during saline irrigation by Claudia Marissa Calderón Torres, Victoria Abril Mancilla Galván, Miguel Murguía Romero

“…Seedlings of transgenic and wild type Nicotiana tabacum germinated in standard conditions were divided into two irrigation groups, with 100 mM of NaCl and with tap water; and, after 50 days, in the non-senescent adult leaves of the plants, the total chlorophyll a and b and the total chlorophyll content were determined by spectrophotometry and the reactive oxygen species production (*OH, 1O2, H2O2) was quantified by a 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein assay. …”
Get full text

Increased Frequency of Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis by Jie Ma, Chenlu Zhu, Bin Ma, Jie Tian, Samuel Essien Baidoo, Chaoming Mao, Wei Wu, Jianguo Chen, Jia Tong, Min Yang, Zhijun Jiao, Huaxi Xu, Liwei Lu, Shengjun Wang

“…It is known that Tfh cells are critical for directing the development of an antibody response by germinal centers B cells; secondly, we observed that the Tfh-cell frequency is accompanied by the level of anti-CCP antibody in RA patients. …”
Get full text

Rare Case of Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue Carcinoma in the Sigmoid Colon of a Very Elderly Patient: A Case Report by Kou Kanesada, Kazuhiko Yoshimatsu, Yoshitomo Ito, Shuya Yano, Masaaki Hori, Masaharu Higashida, Toshimasa Okada, Shunji Endo, Yoshinori Fujiwara, Yasuto Fujimoto, Tatsushi Shiomi, Tomio Ueno

“…GALT is characterized by submucosal localization and prominent lymphoid infiltration with germinal center formation within tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. …”
Get full text

Alginate Encapsulation of Begonia Microshoots for Short-Term Storage and Distribution by Hamidou F. Sakhanokho, Cecil T. Pounders, Eugene K. Blythe

“…The best results were obtained when synthetic seeds were stored at 4°C and germinated on MS medium. Regenerated plantlets were successfully established in potting soil.…”
Get full text

Changes of Metabolomic Profile in Helianthus annuus under Exposure to Chromium(VI) Studied by capHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and MS/MS by Alan Alexander Gonzalez Ibarra, Kazimierz Wrobel, Eunice Yanez Barrientos, Alma Rosa Corrales Escobosa, J. Felix Gutierrez Corona, Israel Enciso Donis, Katarzyna Wrobel

“…The application of capHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and MS/MS to study the impact of Cr(VI) on metabolites profile in Helianthus annuus is reported. Germinated seeds were grown hydroponically in the presence of Cr(VI) (25 mgCr/L) and root extracts of the exposed and control plants were analyzed by untargeted metabolomic approach. …”
Get full text

Large-Scale Plantlet Conversion and Ex Vitro Transplantation Efficiency of Siberian Ginseng by Bioreactor Culture by Jingli Yang, Shicheng Zhao, Changyeon Yu, Chenghao Li

“…To achieve large-scale low-cost ex vitro acclimatization of Siberian ginseng plants, heart- and torpedo-shaped secondary somatic embryos (SEs) induced from germinated SEs on agar medium were collected and then inoculated to 10-l bubble column bioreactor, respectively. …”
Get full text