Intensification of submesoscale frontogenesis and forward energy cascade driven by upper-ocean convergent flows by Xiaolong Yu, Roy Barkan, Alberto C. Naveira Garabato

“…In the common paradigm, upper-ocean fronts are generated by frontogenesis at the mesoscale (20–300 km), driven predominantly by confluent horizontal flows initiated by a background straining field. …”
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Multi-stage Characteristics and Causes of a Severe Convective Process in Guangxi in Spring by Qin Hao, Yang Mingxin, Qu Meifang, Xie Zhongmiao, Lu Ting, Qin Yuefeng, Jiang Yaping

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Mesoscale Eddy‐Induced Sharpening of Oceanic Tracer Fronts by Yueyang Lu, Igor Kamenkovich

“…A functional form of EEIV in terms of large‐scale variables effectively represents the frontogenesis in a coarse‐resolution simulation. This study shows promise for using an advective framework to parameterize eddy‐driven frontogenesis in numerical models that are not eddy‐resolving.…”
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Internal structure of ex‐Typhoon Phanfone (2014) under an extratropical transition as observed by the research vessel Mirai by Masaki Katsumata, Shuichi Mori, Biao Geng, Jun Inoue

“…In the eastern vicinity of the center, remnants of the warm core worked to enhance precipitation through convergence and frontogenesis against cold ambient air. This frontogenesis and related latent heating/cooling are suggested to maintain/enhance convection in these phases. …”
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Analysis of planetary boundary layer characteristics of sandstorm based on vertical observation by Leer Bao, Jiaqi Yang, Nan Xiao

“…By analyzing the frontogenesis function, the dynamic and thermal conditions of the atmosphere can be understood. …”
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Comparison of Development Mechanisms of Two Cyclones Affecting Northeast China by Gao Songying, Zhao Tingting, Song Lili, Meng Xin, Li Ruihan, Luo Jianyu, Zhang Xu, Pan Xiao

“…As for C304, strong frontogenesis and frontolyzes symmetrically develop on the lower troposphere, whereas the baroclinicity of C502 is inconspicuous. …”
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Circulation Situation Characteristics of Regional Short-time Heavy Rainfall in Eastern Gansu Province in Summer by Xiangwei KONG, Chenrui LI, Xiumei YANG, Yi YANG, Xiaojun YANG

“…The short-time heavy rainfall in eastern Gansu Province is prone to disaster， and difficult to forecast and early warning.Using hourly precipitation data from encrypted meteorological stations and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data in summer of 2010-2021， 50 regional short-time heavy precipitation events in eastern Gansu Province are Screening out.Based on the geopotential height anomaly field at 500 hPa， a combination of K-mean objective cluster analysis and subjective synoptic verification are used to classify the synoptic-scale circulation situation of these events， and construct different conceptual models of synoptic scale system configuration by analysis-by-synthesis.The results are as follows： （1） The synoptic scale circulation situation of 50 regional short-term heavy rainfall events in eastern Gansu Province can be divided into four types： plateau trough eastward moving type， southwest airflow at the edge of subtropical high type， shear between two high pressures type and northwest airflow type.（2） The southwest airflow at the edge of the subtropical high type causes the largest number of regional short-term heavy rainfall， the plateau trough eastward moving type and the shear between two high pressures type have the same frequency， and the northwest airflow type is least.（3） There are significant differences in weather system configuration， uplift conditions， water vapor conditions and unstable conditions of these four types.When the plateau trough eastward moving type， southwest airflow at the edge of subtropical high type， shear between two high pressures type occur， the position of the western Pacific subtropical high gradually advancing from west to north， and the water vapor conditions and unstable conditions are gradually improving， the baroclinic frontogenesis causes a large range of short-term heavy rainfall when the high trough leads the cold air move to southeast.The uplift condition of the plateau trough moving eastward type is the best， and the falling zone of short-time heavy rainfall is southerly.Under the situation of the shear between two high pressures type， the cold air is northward and mainly enters from the lower troposphere， and the falling zone of short-time heavy rainfall is northward too.The convergence of cold and warm air is the most intense， the baroclinic frontogenesis is the strongest， and the range and intensity of short-term heavy rainfall are also larger.The dynamic conditions and water vapor conditions of the northwest airflow type are the worst in the four types， however， the strong dry and cold advection in the middle and upper layers superimposed with the warm and wet airflow or warm temperature ridge in the lower layer formed the best unstable conditions， and short-term heavy rainfall falling zone is dispersed.…”
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Diagnosis of a Regional Thundersnow in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in February 2024 by Suo Chunnan, Yan Chunwang, Chen Junming, Hua Jiajia, Ma Fenglian, Ji Ce, Sun Mengmeng

“…At the same time, the frontogenesis function at the height of 700 hPa is positive, leading to vertical circulation generated by frontogenesis. …”
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Unprecedented Flooding in the Marche Region (Italy): Analyzing the 15 September 2022 Event and Its Unique Meteorological Conditions by Nazario Tartaglione

“…The interaction between the zonal flow and orography resulted in frontogenesis in the Apennine Lee. This process deformed the thermal structures in the area and created conditions of convective instability, transforming the moisture into copious rainfall. …”
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Winter Mixed Layer Restratification Induced by Vertical Eddy Buoyancy Flux in the Labrador Sea by Pusheng Li, Ruiyi Chen, Ruijian Gou, Clark Pennelly, Yiyong Luo, Paul G. Myers

“…During this period, the surge of VEBF was due to seasonally enhanced frontogenesis, mixed layer instability and the interaction between strong surface winds and eddies on a 10‐day timescale. …”
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Observation Characteristics and Synoptic Mechanisms of Typhoon Lekima Extreme Rainfall in 2019 by He Lifu, Chen Shuang, Guo Yunqian

“…The inverted trough frontogenesis, the convergence of southeast low-level jet and the easterly wind provide good dynamic and water vapor conditions for the long-distance rainstorm. …”
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Evolution and Mechanism of Strong Squall Line Occurred in Zhejiang on 25 March 2024 by Shen Xiaoling, Sang Minghui, Zhang Cheng, Wu Zhuoheng

“…The surface cold outflow formed by the squall line confront the southwest wind ahead, creates a frontogenesis which continuously lifts the warm and humid airflow in front of it, stacks the convergence and uplift effect, and leads to the development of cells into supercells. …”
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