An Analytical Perspective on Determination of Free Base Nicotine in E-Liquids by Vinit V. Gholap, Rodrigo S. Heyder, Leon Kosmider, Matthew S. Halquist

“…Therefore, in addition to total nicotine concentration, e-liquids should be characterized for their free base nicotine yield. Two approaches are being used for the determination of free base nicotine in e-liquids. …”
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Free dendriform algebras. Part I. A parenthesis setting by Philippe Leroux

“…Moreover, by introducing the concept of NCP-operad, we show how to use the free dendriform algebra on one generator to reformulate some results obtained by Speicher in free probability.…”
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Analytical Solution for the Free Vibration Analysis of Delaminated Timoshenko Beams by Ramazan-Ali Jafari-Talookolaei, Maryam Abedi

“…This work presents a method to find the exact solutions for the free vibration analysis of a delaminated beam based on the Timoshenko type with different boundary conditions. …”
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A Martingale-Free Introduction to Conditional Gaussian Nonlinear Systems by Marios Andreou, Nan Chen

“…In this paper, we develop a martingale-free approach to improve the understanding of CGNSs. …”
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Analysis of Average Shortest-Path Length of Scale-Free Network by Guoyong Mao, Ning Zhang

“…Computing the average shortest-path length of a large scale-free network needs much memory space and computation time. …”
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Zein as a structural protein in gluten-free systems: an overview by Xinrui Zhang, Chunxia Dong, Yayun Hu, Mengnan Gao, Guangzhong Luan

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Prospects for Studies of the Free Fall and Gravitational Quantum States of Antimatter by G. Dufour, D. B. Cassidy, P. Crivelli, P. Debu, A. Lambrecht, V. V. Nesvizhevsky, S. Reynaud, A. Yu. Voronin, T. E. Wall

“…Positronium is another neutral system involving antimatter for which free fall under gravity is currently being investigated at UCL. …”
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The Skinny on Low-fat and Fat-free Milk and Milk Products by Lauren Headrick, Karla P. Shelnutt

“…Whether you are young or old, consuming fat-free and low-fat milk products every day is important for good health. …”
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A Label-Free Colorimetric Aptasensor for Flavokavain B Detection by Sisi Ke, Ningrui Wang, Xingyu Chen, Jiangwei Tian, Jiwei Li, Boyang Yu

“…To demonstrate its practical utility, a rapid and label-free colorimetric aptasensor was developed based on aptamer-induced gold nanoparticle aggregation. …”
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Free fermions with dephasing and boundary driving: Bethe Ansatz results by Vincenzo Alba

“…By employing the Lindblad equation, we derive the evolution of the two-point correlator for a free-fermion chain of length $L$ subject to bulk dephasing and boundary losses. …”
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Chimeric Osteocutaneous Free Flap Solution to Variation in Vascular Anatomy by Augustine J. Deering, III, BS, Payden A. Harrah, BS, Brian Wong Won, MD, John Michael Austin, BS, Mustafa T. Khan, DO, Jay K. Ferrell, MD, C. Anton Fries, MD, PhD

“…An osteocutaneous fibula free flap is an effective reconstruction option, typically supplied by the peroneal artery for both the fibula and skin flap. …”
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Solvent-Free Ring Cleavage Hydrazinolysis of Certain Biginelli Pyrimidines by Mohamed A. Said, Wagdy M. Eldehna, Hazem A. Ghabbour, Maha M. Kabil, Nasser S. Al-shakliah, Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz

“…Certain Biginelli pyrimidines with ester substitution in C5 were subjected to unexpected ring opening upon solvent-free reaction with hydrazine hydrate to give three products: pyrazole, arylidenehydrazines, and urea/thiourea, respectively. …”
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The χ-Boundedness of P2∪P3-Free Graphs by Xiao Wang, Donghan Zhang

“…Moreover, we also show that χG≤3ωG if G is a P2∪P3,W4-free graph.…”
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Free Vibration Analysis of Composite Conical Shells with Variable Thickness by Saira Javed, F. H. H. Al Mukahal, M. A. Salama

“…Free vibration of conical shells of variable thickness is analysed under shear deformation theory with simply supported and clamped free boundary conditions by applying collocation with spline approximation. …”
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Free mobility across group boundaries promotes intergroup cooperation by Jörg Gross, Martin Götz, Katharina Reher, Filippo Toscano

“…These findings highlight the importance of free intergroup mobility for overcoming the limitations of group cooperation.…”
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US–Colombia Free Trade Agreement: What Is in It for Florida Agriculture? by Edward A. Evans, Fredy H. Ballen

“…On October 12, 2011, the US Congress ratified a Free Trade Agreement/Trade Promotion Agreement (FTA) with Colombia, five years after it was signed by President George W. …”
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Assessment of Theories for Free Vibration Analysis of Homogeneous and Multilayered Plates by Erasmo Carrera

“…This paper assesses classical and advanced theories for free vibrational response of homogeneous and multilayered simply supported plates. …”
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Free Vibrations of a Trapezoidal Plate with an Internal Line Hinge by María Virginia Quintana, Ricardo Oscar Grossi

“…This paper deals with a general variational formulation for the determination of natural frequencies and mode shapes of free vibrations of laminated thin plates of trapezoidal shape with an internal line hinge restrained against rotation. …”
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Hazardous Household Substances: Alternatives That Are Relatively Free of Toxic Effects by Marie Hammer, Chris Koehler, Randall A. Cantrell

“…We can reduce the potential for exposure to chemicals from household products and produce less hazardous household waste by using alternatives that are relatively free of toxic effects. This six-page fact sheet describes some alternatives that are relatively free of toxic effects. …”
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On the synthesis of Bi-based precursors for lead-free solders development by Gandova V., Lilova K., Malakova H., Huber B., Milcheva N., Ipser H., Vrestal J., Vassilev G.

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