Optimal Management of Computer Network Security in the Era of Big Data by Minfeng Chen

“…At present, China has risen to become the world’s largest number of Internet users and the largest number of people using smartphones, but because China’s information security is the initial stage, involving information security, especially national information security laws and regulations are not much, the national social supervision and monitoring mechanisms are not much, the application level of science and technology content is relatively backward, the core technology has a patent technology not much, resulting in the flood of network data nowadays. Therefore, the underground illegal “data industry chain” activities are rampant. …”
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Estimation of Surface Runoff for Al-Ghadaf Valley using the SWAT Model by Atheer G. Ibrahim

“…Despite this, one of the features of the period that was chosen is that the years 2019 and 2013 fall within the chosen period and are considered flood years by the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources. …”
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Verification of EC Model's Effect to Forecast Precipitation in Beipan River Basin by KONG Xiangbo, XIA Xiaoling, CU Yuanke, TANG Yanjing, SONG Wanli, LIAO Bo

“…In order to test the precipitation forecast of the European central numerical model (hereinafter referred to as EC model) in the Beipan River Basin,this paper tests the forecast effect of different starting times and the overall forecast effect of 2020 flood season for an extreme precipitation process in the Beipan River Basin.The results are as follows:①For the prediction of 500 hPa circulation field,rainfall area,correlation coefficient between EC rainfall prediction and actual rainfall,and TS score of rainstorm,the shortened the prediction time is,the better the prediction effect will be.The effect is the most obvious for the maximum rainfall forecast adjustment,and the rainfall after adjustment is closer to the actual rainfall.The EC model is also applicable to forecast heavy rain.②In 2020,the forecast effect of no rain,light rain and moderate rain is better than that of heavy rain and rainstorm.EC model is almost not available to forecast severe rainstorm.③The rainstorm forecast effect differs with different basins,and the rainstorm forecast effect of Dongqing Basin is better than that of other basins.Therefore,it can be concluded that the correlation coefficient of EC model in the whole Beipan River Basin is about 0.9,and the ratio of the standard deviation of prediction to that of observation is 0.77,which indicates that EC model has good prediction effect for the trend of precipitation change,but there are some deviations in the area and magnitude.So,the forecast results can be applied after being corrected.…”
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High Speed Grinding of EN31 Steel with Alumina Nanofluid Coolant by T. Sathish, R. Saravanan, V. Vijayan, R. Karthick, N. Karthikeyan, S. Rajkumar

“…This experimental novel aim is to investigate the performance of Al2O3 nanofluid in high-speed grinding of EN31 steel under flood cooling method for reduction of surface roughness and cutting zone temperature. …”
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Hydraulic parameters of the block ramp with ridge type notch: the Grajcarek in Szczawnica, Polish Carpathians by Karol Krystian Plesiński, Artur Radecki-Pawlik, Nadzieja Jurkowska

“…Numerical modelling of flood flows was also performed in the HEC-RAS program, from which hydrodynamic data were obtained. …”
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Empirical mode decomposition analysis of climate changes with special reference to rainfall data by Md. Khademul Islam Molla, M. Sayedur Rahman, Akimasa Sumi, Pabitra Banik

“…This study suggested that the recent global warming along with decadal climate variability contributes not only to the more extreme warm events, but also to more frequent, long lasting drought and flood.…”
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Copula-based Wetness-Dryness Encountering Analysis of Upstream Runoff in the Pearl River Delta by ZHANG Zhaoyi, HE Yanhu, LIN Zhuliang, CHEN Xiaohong

“…,the West River (WR),North River (NR) and East River (ER)) under the changing environment,is conducive to the allocation and regulation of water resources in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) during the dry season to ensure the water supply security of the PRD city cluster.Based on the monthly average inflow of the WR,NR and ER,the Copula functions were used to construct the two-dimensional and three-dimensional joint distribution of the inflow of the three rivers at the annual,flood and dry period scales,and the laws of the wetness-dryness encountering of the three rivers were explored.The results show that the Frank Copula function can fit the two-dimensional and three-dimensional joint distribution of the upstream inflow better.The probability of synchronized wetness-dryness two-dimensional combinations of WR,NR and ER are higher when compared to that of the three-dimensional combination of wetness-dryness.The 3-dimensional wetness-dryness encounter combinations of “extreme dryness-extreme dryness-more dryness” and “extreme dryness-more dryness-more dryness” are more likely to happen in dry years.The upstream inflow under the 3-dimensional wetness-dryness encounter combinations of “extreme dryness-extreme dryness-more dryness” and “extreme dryness-more dryness-more dryness” are less during the dry season,which would pose greater challenge for the cities water supply in the PRD.…”
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Research Progress and Prospect of Extreme Water Increase by Storm Surge in Estuaries — A Case Study of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area by LIU Yuexuan, LI Huijing, LI Lanbin, LIU Xiaojian

“…Significant increases in water and extreme tide levels caused by typhoon storm surges are the primary threat to flood safety in estuarine areas,and are also the main cause of major natural disaster losses in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in recent years.This paper reveals the evolution patterns of water increase in storm surges over the years and introduces corresponding research methods.Meanwhile,it systematically reviews research achievements on the formation mechanism of extreme tide levels in storm surges from both foreign and domestic perspectives.Combined calculation models of extreme tide levels formed by astronomical tides and storm surges in China and abroad are also summarized,with a focus on achievements in dynamic mechanisms during extreme water increase in storm surges.Additionally,a two-dimensional nested mathematical model of storm surges in the South China Sea and the Pearl River Estuary is built,and the most unfavorable typhoon intensity and path are designed.The maximum water increase distribution in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is preliminarily simulated and obtained.Finally,it is urgent to put forward a set of safe,concise,and applicable formula for calculating the extreme tide levels of storm surges as soon as possible based on the understanding of the physical mechanism of the interaction between astronomical tides and storm surges.…”
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Study on Spatio-temporal Variation Characteristics of Hydro-meteorological Factors in the Source Region of Yellow River by WANG Dong, WU Dongdong, JIE Xiaobai, LI Xuehui

“…In order to understand the variation characteristics of drought and flood in the sourceregion of Yellow River sufficiently, based on the hydro-meteorological data of the source regionof Yellow River from 1961 to 2016, this paper analyzes the trend, mutation and periodicity ofannual precipitation, annual average temperature and annual runoff by the the Mann-Kendall method,Pettitt test and Morlet wavelet analysis method, and studies the spatial variation characteristicsof annual precipitation and annual average temperature through the Kriging interpolation and spatialvariation coefficient. …”
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ASSESSMENT OF WATER RESOURCES OF THE BOLSHOY KINEL RIVER FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY by Aleksandra V. Selezneva, Ksenia V. Bespalova

“…At the same time, the runoff of spring flood increased and the low-water runoff decreased. …”

Research and Application of Key Technologies for Refined Water Control in Digital Twin Irrigation Areas by LUO Zhaolin, MENG Qingkui, CHEN Wufen, ZHANG Bo

“…To improve the efficiency of water resource utilization in China and promote refined management of irrigation areas, this paper proposes a refined management framework for digital twin irrigation areas based on the current development of irrigation areas.Meanwhile, it studies the key technologies of water supply prediction in irrigation areas, crop water demand prediction, optimal water volume allocation in irrigation areas, and integrated measurement and control gates.A set of “FEDE” platforms for digital twin irrigation areas have been constructed, and five paths of “multi-factor three-dimensional perception”, “full-cycle water demand forecasting”, “targeted warning of drought and flood risks”, “full-process rehearsal of water resources”, and “scientific plans for disaster prevention and reduction” are adopted.As a result, comprehensive, intelligent, and scientific management of irrigation areas is realized.Additionally, some functions of the “FEDE” platform of digital twin irrigation areas have been successfully applied to the Liuxi River irrigation area, Guangzhou.The key technology of precise water volume control throughout the entire process of digital twin irrigation areas achieves optimal water resource allocation and improves water resource utilization efficiency by realizing water volume allocation throughout the entire “water supply-water demand-water distribution-water transfer” process.This has a guiding significance for the promotion and application of digital twin irrigation areas.…”
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Climate change reflects on security of the border villages, case study: Salas Babajani border villages by morad Kaviani Rad, meysam toulabi nejad, farid rezaei

“…The results showed that the impacts of climate change were firstly on food security and consequently security in the border villages of Thales Babajani so that most of the population in the study area were concerned about climate change such as flood and drought. Forced to change their livelihoods due to lack of food. …”
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Revisiting the 10th‐Century Eldgjá Eruption: Modeling the Climatic and Environmental Impacts by Herman F. Fuglestvedt, Imogen Gabriel, Michael Sigl, Thorvaldur Thordarson, Kirstin Krüger

“…Abstract The 10th‐century Eldgjá eruption in Iceland is the largest basaltic flood lava eruption of the Common Era. However, the extent of its impacts is unclear due to limited historical records. …”
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Application of Coupling Model of Xin'anjiang River Runoff and TANK Confluence in Southern Humid Area by QIU Wenyi, ZHU Yongjun, ZHAN Zhongyu

“…The research calculations show that the basin is mainly controlled by plum rain, its flood season is mainly from April to July, with the runoff accounting for 58.9% of the whole year, and its average runoff depth for many years is 1 198 mm, which can fully reflect the real runoff characteristics of the basin. …”
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Projection in Future Drought Hazard of South Korea Based on RCP Climate Change Scenario 8.5 Using SPEI by Byung Sik Kim, In Gi Chang, Jang Hyun Sung, Hae Jin Han

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Hydraulic performance of a pre-aerated stilling basin: Experimental study. by Yu Zhou, Tengzhi Huang, Ke Xu, Jiakai Mei, Siwei Jia, Qiaoni Yu, Jinglin Qian

“…Spillway chutes are critical in dam flood control, particularly in high dams where high water heads and large discharge in narrow canyons amplify the demand for safe discharging. …”
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ESTIMATION OF THE SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF THE CONTENT OF HEAVY METAL COMPOUNDS IN THE RIVER WATERS OF THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS by F.A. Atabieva, E.A. Cherednik

“…An analysis of long-term data for the period 2005-2018 on the study of the level of heavy metal compounds in the water of the Baksan, Malka, Urukh, Terek, Cherek and Ardon rivers in the foothill zone of the Central Caucasus shows that river water pollution to a greater extent occurs in summer rain flood . The revealed levels of heavy metal compounds in river water over the long-term period under study, as well as the frequency of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration, are illustrated by graphs. …”

Trend analysis of extreme rainfall in Cikapundung Watershed, West Java, Indonesia by Handoko Unggul, Fakhrudin Muh, Apip, Hidayat, Turmudi, Triwisesa Endra

“…Bandung is one of the areas prone to flood disasters in Indonesia. The areas frequently affected by flooding are located around the Cikapundung Watershed. …”
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Functional Evaluations in the Monitoring of the River Ecosystem Processes: The Adige River as a Case Stu by M.G. Braioni, G. Salmoiraghi, F. Bracco, M. Villani, A. Braioni, L. Girelli

“…Within each stretch, the most suitable methods were used to assess the quality and processes of flood plains, banks, water column, bed, and interstitial environment. …”
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Influence of Sea Level Rise on Storm Surges in the Pearl River Estuary by HU Yaohui, WANG Zhili, ZHANG Juan, WU Yufu

“…Sea level rise not only exerts an influence on the astronomical tide levels but also has an impact on the occurrence time of the peak water level of storm surges, thereby presenting novel challenges to flood control measures in coastal regions. Moreover, the influence of sea level rise varies among different areas, and distinctive coping strategies need to be implemented for specific regions.…”
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