International Community and the Limits of Intervention into the Conflicts in the Failed-States: the Case of Afghanistan by I. N. Timofeev

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L’Afghanistan, Etat failli ? by Nathalène Reynolds

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Conceptual Perspectives on State Fragility by D. P. Elagin

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Security Challenges: Appraisal of Threats to Nigeria’s Sovereignty in the Fourth Republic (1999-2019) by Olanrewaju Rafiu Memud, Solomon A. Ojo

“…In the recent past, insecurity has been the greatest challenge to Nigeria‟s corporate existence as a sovereign state.Ironically, these challenges are not externally propelled rather, they areinternally impelled byinter-ethnic conflict, religious insurrection, electoral violence, banditry, kidnapping, ritualism, pipeline vandalism, separatists‟ agitation, and farmers[1]herders crises among many others.These generate insecurity in the polity to the boiling point of fractured and failed state.The objective of the study, therefore, is to investigate the nexus between internally induced insecurity and failed stateposture experienced in the Nigeria‟s Fourth Republic. …”
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Imagined Libya: geopolitics of the margins by Luca Raineri

“…Scholars of history and international politics have expanded the framework to apprehend the processes of state (de/)formation underpinning Libya’s fragilities beyond the problematic “failed state” paradigm to accommodate longue-durée and multi-scalar perspectives. …”
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Turkey’s Role in Somalia’s Peace and Development Process by Oktay Bingöl

“…Somalia, as one of the poorest countries in Africa has been on the top list of the failed states, and tried to meet the challenges such as armed conflicts, poverty and mass migration since 1991. …”
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Long-term trends in the socio-economic development of Arab countries by V. A. Meliantsev

“…This and other factors, including geopolitical ones, as well as the increasing number of so-called “failing states” in the region have brought about an increase in socio-political tensions, which is comparable, and even exceeding the level that existed a decade ago, when the Arab Spring phenomenon arose.Under pandemic and global crisis, the economic and social situation in a number of Arab countries is markedly getting worse. …”
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PARADOXES OF ARAB POLITICAL SYSTEMS CHANGES by V. A. Kusnetsov

“…This approach enables the author to follow the rationale of political development in fragile and failed states, as well as the logic of how political relations form in quasi-states, without raising the question of statehood as such. …”
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Competitive Multipolarity in the Middle East and the Transformation of Turkey’s Regional Policies in the 2000s and 2010s by P. V. Shlykov

“…However, this multipolarity did not result in a sustainable balance of power in the region because the acute competitive activity of the above mentioned regional powers has primarily focused on the states in deep political crisis or the ones which are almost failed states. In this respect the case of Turkey is of a special interest for the following reasons. …”
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