Different Levels of Autophagy Activity in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Involved in the Progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Hongxia Tao, Qin Lv, Jing Zhang, Lijuan Chen, Yang Yang, Wei Sun

“…Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent pathway that mediates the degradation and recycling of intracellular material and is an efficient way to renew the nonnuclear (cytoplasmic) part of eukaryotic cells, which is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and is a potential target for regulating MSCs function. …”
Get full text

Cloning a Chloroplast Genome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli by Emma Walker, Bogumil Karas

“…Chloroplast genomes present an alternative strategy for large-scale engineering of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Prior to our work, the chloroplast genomes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (204 kb) and Zea mays (140 kb) had been cloned using bacterial and yeast artificial chromosome (BAC/YAC) libraries, respectively. …”
Get full text

DNA spontaneously wrapping around a histone core prefers negative supercoiling: A Brownian dynamics study. by Chunhong Long, Hongqiong Liang, Biao Wan

“…In eukaryotes, DNA achieves a highly compact structure primarily due to its winding around the histone cores. …”
Get full text

When HSFs bring the heat—mapping the transcriptional circuitries of HSF-type regulators in Candida albicans by Sadri Znaidi

“…ABSTRACT Heat shock factor (HSF)-type regulators are stress-responsive transcription factors widely distributed among eukaryotes, including fungi. They carry a four-stranded winged helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain considered as the signature domain for HSFs. …”
Get full text

The expanded genome of Hexamita inflata, a free-living diplomonad by Zeynep Akdeniz, Michal Havelka, Michal Stoklasa, Alejandro Jiménez-González, Vojtěch Žárský, Feifei Xu, Courtney W. Stairs, Jon Jerlström-Hultqvist, Martin Kolísko, Jan Provazník, Staffan Svärd, Jan O. Andersson, Jan Tachezy

“…Abstract Diplomonads are anaerobic, flagellated protists, being part of the Metamonada group of Eukaryotes. Diplomonads either live as endobionts (parasites and commensals) of animals or free-living in low-oxygen environments. …”
Get full text

Autophagy-associated signal pathways of functional foods for chronic diseases by Jinfeng Xie, Jiling Liang, Ning Chen

“…Autophagy is one of the highly conserved cellular processes for the clearance of aberrant components in eukaryotic cells, and plays an essential role in health promotion and prevention and treatment of a series of chronic diseases. …”
Get full text

A conserved class of viral RNA structures regulates translation reinitiation through dynamic ribosome interactions by Madeline E. Sherlock, Conner J. Langeberg, Katherine E. Segar, Jeffrey S. Kieft

“…Evaluating the conserved features and constraints of this entire RNA class within the context of the cryo-EM reconstruction provides insight into mechanisms enabling reinitiation, a translation regulation strategy employed by many other viral and eukaryotic systems.…”
Get full text

Mitochondria as a Therapeutic Target: Focusing on Traumatic Brain Injury by Randhall Bruce Carteri

“…Mitochondria are organelles of eukaryotic cells delimited by two membranes and cristae that consume oxygen to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and are involved in the synthesis of vital metabolites, calcium homeostasis, and cell death mechanisms. …”
Get full text

Introns: The Functional Benefits of Introns in Genomes by Bong-Seok Jo, Sun Shim Choi

“…First, all of the completely sequenced eukaryotes harbor introns in the genomic structure, whereas no prokaryotes identified so far carry introns. …”
Get full text

MicroRNAs in the DNA Damage/Repair Network and Cancer by Alessandra Tessitore, Germana Cicciarelli, Filippo Del Vecchio, Agata Gaggiano, Daniela Verzella, Mariafausta Fischietti, Davide Vecchiotti, Daria Capece, Francesca Zazzeroni, Edoardo Alesse

“…To preserve the genomic integrity, eukaryotic cells need a complex DNA damage/repair response network of signaling pathways, involving many proteins, able to induce cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or DNA repair. …”
Get full text

Photosynthetic directed endosymbiosis to investigate the role of bioenergetics in chloroplast function and evolution by Bidhan Chandra De, Jay Cournoyer, Yang-le Gao, Catherine L. Wallace, Stanley Bram, Angad P. Mehta

“…Here, we investigate the preferences of plastidic ADP/ATP carrier translocases from key lineages of photosynthetic eukaryotes including red algae, glaucophytes, and land plants. …”
Get full text

APLIKASI MIKROFOTOGRAFI UNTUK MENGEKSPLORASI JENIS-JENIS CYANOPHYTA by Widodo Widodo

“…Less than that magnification, The thalus of Cyanophyta difficult to observe because of the relatively small cell size compared to the size of eukaryotic cells. By shooting with digitaly camera, microscopy observation images can be captured as digital specimen. …”
Get full text

Metabolic Analysis of the Mode of Action and Mode of Resistance for Novobiocin in Staphylococcus aureus by Weile Xie, Dan Luo, Zhe Wang

“…Targeting of bacterial gyrase, specifically the gyrB subunit, is a promising approach because of this enzyme’s essential role in bacterial DNA replication and its absence in higher eukaryotes. However, understanding of the mode of action of gyrB inhibitors remains largely incomplete. …”
Get full text

True Lies: The Double Life of the Nucleotide Excision Repair Factors in Transcription and DNA Repair by Nicolas Le May, Jean-Marc Egly, Frédéric Coin

“…Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a major DNA repair pathway in eukaryotic cells. NER removes structurally diverse lesions such as pyrimidine dimers, arising upon UV irradiation or bulky chemical adducts, arising upon exposure to carcinogens and some chemotherapeutic drugs. …”
Get full text

The TIR Domain Containing Locus of Enterococcus faecalis Is Predominant among Urinary Tract Infection Isolates and Downregulates Host Inflammatory Response by Thomas Daniel Kraemer, Orlando Daniel Quintanar Haro, Eugen Domann, Trinad Chakraborty, Svetlin Tchatalbachev

“…When transiently expressed in cultured eukaryotic cells, TcpF caused suppression of TLR2-dependent NF-κB activation suggesting for TcpF a role as a factor in E. faecalis that benefits colonization by modulating the host’s immune responses.…”
Get full text

Biomolecular condensates: Formation mechanisms, biological functions, and therapeutic targets by Xin Niu, Lei Zhang, Yuchen Wu, Zhi Zong, Bin Wang, Jisheng Liu, Long Zhang, Fangfang Zhou

“…Over the past decade, it has become widely appreciated that biomolecular condensates are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and play a vital role in physiological and pathological processes. …”
Get full text

Thrombin Cleavage of Osteopontin Modulates Its Activities in Human Cells In Vitro and Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo by Elena Boggio, Chiara Dianzani, Casimiro Luca Gigliotti, Maria Felicia Soluri, Nausicaa Clemente, Giuseppe Cappellano, Erika Toth, Davide Raineri, Benedetta Ferrara, Cristoforo Comi, Umberto Dianzani, Annalisa Chiocchetti

“…We produced recombinant osteopontin and its N- and C-terminal fragments in an eukaryotic system in order to allow their posttranslational modifications. …”
Get full text

Revisiting pangenome openness with k-mers by Parmigiani, Luca, Wittler, Roland, Stoye, Jens

“…After the concept was extended to eukaryotic genomes, two definitions of pangenome evolved in parallel: the gene-based approach, which defines the pangenome as the union of all genes, and the sequence-based approach, which defines the pangenome as the set of all nonredundant genomic sequences. …”
Get full text

Pseudorabies virus infection triggers pUL46-mediated phosphorylation of connexin-43 and closure of gap junctions to promote intercellular virus spread. by Alexander Tishchenko, Nicolás Romero, Cliff Van Waesberghe, Jonas L Delva, Oliver Vickman, Gregory A Smith, Thomas C Mettenleiter, Walter Fuchs, Barbara G Klupp, Herman W Favoreel

“…Gap junctions (GJs) play a pivotal role in intercellular communication between eukaryotic cells, including transfer of biomolecules that contribute to the innate and adaptive immune response. …”
Get full text

Protein Profiling and Histone Deacetylation Activities in Somaclonal Variants of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob, Hwei-San Loh, Rosna Mat Taha

“…Histone deacetylases (HDACs), involved in eukaryotic gene regulation by catalyzing the acetyl groups are removal from lysine residues on histone, hence transcriptionally repress gene expression. …”
Get full text