Astrovirus infection in animals (literature review) by V. A. Mischenko, A. V. Mischenko, Т. B. Nikeshina, О. N. Petrova

“…The role of these viruses in the etiology of respiratory pathology in animals has been demonstrated. …”
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Occurrence of Fatal and Nonfatal Adverse Outcomes after Heart Transplantation in Patients with Pretransplant Noncytotoxic HLA Antibodies by Luciano Potena, Andrea Bontadini, Sandra Iannelli, Fiorenza Fruet, Ornella Leone, Francesco Barberini, Laura Borgese, Valentina Manfredini, Marco Masetti, Gaia Magnani, Francesco Fallani, Francesco Grigioni, Angelo Branzi

“…Out of the 173 consecutive patients assayed (52±13y; 16% females; 47% ischemic etiology), 32 (18%) showed pretransplant HLA ab, and 12 (7%) tested positive against both class I and class II HLA. …”
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Human development I: Twenty Fundamental Problems of Biology, Medicine, and Neuro-Psychology Related to Biological Information by Tyge Dahl Hermansen, Søren Ventegodt, Erik Rald, Birgitte Clausen, Maj Lyck Nielsen, Joav Merrick

“…Other subjects of special interest that we shall look deeper into are the immunological self-nonself discrimination, the structure and function of the human brain, the etiology and salutogenesis of mental and somatic diseases, and the structure of the consciousness of a human being. …”
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Sex differences in the murine HPA axis after acute and repeated restraint stress by Isabella Flor Nalepa, Vibeke Nielsen, Tanja Esther Wolf, Chadi Touma, Morten Grupe, Ayodeji A. Asuni, Cecilia Ratner

“…However, in alignment with previous studies, these data support that there are important sex differences in the HPA axis and that these may contribute to the etiology of stress-related psychiatric disorders.…”
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From micro to macro, nanotechnology demystifies acute pancreatitis: a new generation of treatment options emerges by Wei Du, Xinyue Wang, Yuyan Zhou, Wencheng Wu, Haojie Huang, Zhendong Jin

“…This is caused by the abnormal activation of pancreatic enzymes by a variety of etiologic factors, which results in a localized inflammatory response. …”
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Myocardial Gene Expression of T-bet, GATA-3, Ror-γt, FoxP3, and Hallmark Cytokines in Chronic Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy: An Essentially Unopposed TH1-Type Response by Luciana Gabriel Nogueira, Ronaldo Honorato Barros Santos, Alfredo Inácio Fiorelli, Eliane Conti Mairena, Luiz Alberto Benvenuti, Edimar Alcides Bocchi, Noedir Antonio Stolf, Jorge Kalil, Edecio Cunha-Neto

“…Chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC), a late consequence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, is an inflammatory cardiomyopathy with prognosis worse than those of noninflammatory etiology (NIC). Although the T cell-rich myocarditis is known to play a pathogenetic role, the relative contribution of each of the functional T cell subsets has never been thoroughly investigated. …”
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Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases by Yingying Zhao, Huichun Xing, Xiaomei Wang, Weini Ou, Hong Zhao, Ben Li, Yue Li, Ying Duan, Liwei Zhuang, Wei Li, Danying Cheng, Min Quan, Yu Zhang, Shibo Ji

“…When it comes to different etiologies of liver cirrhosis, different therapeutic methods, such as antiviral treatment, may be more effective. …”
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Acupuncture Induces Reduction in Limbic-Cortical Feedback of a Neuralgia Rat Model: A Dynamic Causal Modeling Study by Zhen-Zhen Ma, Ye-Chen Lu, Jia-Jia Wu, Xiang-Xin Xing, Xu-Yun Hua, Jian-Guang Xu

“…However, the neuroimaging study about neural mechanisms or etiology was limited and blurred. Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of electroacupuncture on effective connectivity and neural response in corticolimbic circuitries during implicit processing of nociceptive stimulus in rats with brachial plexus pain. …”
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Massive Hemoptysis in Children by Juan Yang, Fengqin Liu, Yan Liang, Chunyan Guo, Jinrong Wang, Xing Chen

“…Rapid identification of the etiology and symptomatic treatment are critical to saving the lives of children.…”
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A guide to selecting high-performing antibodies for Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform (PPP2R5D) for use in Western Blot, immunoprecipi... by Carl Laflamme, Kathleen Southern, Riham Ayoubi, Maryam Fotouhi, Charles Alende

“…Pathogenic mutations in the PPP2R5D gene are linked to clinical symptoms characterized by neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorders. The etiology of these genetic disorders remains unknown, which can partly be due to the lack of independently characterized antibodies. …”
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Joint Effect of CFH and ARMS2/HTRA1 Polymorphisms on Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Chinese Population by Kai Fang, Pei Gao, Jun Tian, Xueying Qin, Wenzhen Yu, Juan Li, Qing Chen, Lvzhen Huang, Dafang Chen, Yonghua Hu, Xiaoxin Li

“…Purpose. The etiology of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) cannot be completely explained by identified environmental risk factors or single-locus gene variants. …”
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Congenital Chylothorax: Case Report by Egemen Tolunay, Bulut Varlı, Fırat Tülek, Emre Pabuçcu, Şerife Esra Çetinkaya, Korhan Kahraman, Acar Koç

“…Genetic analysis and infection screening should be considered to reveal the etiology. Usually chylothorax has a good prognosis. …”
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Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Society of Surgeons, the Russian Gastroenterological Association, the Association of Surgeons-Hepatologists and the Endoscopic Society “REndO” o... by V. T. Ivashkin, A. G. Kriger, A. V. Okhlobystin, M. A. Anischenko, S. S. Kardasheva, S. A. Alekseenko, S. F. Bagnenko, M. I. Bykov, S. A. Budzinskiy, I.  M. Buriev, V. A. Vishnevskiy, E. I. Galperin, V. P. Glabay, V. R. Goltsov, T. G. Dyuzheva, G. G. Karmazanovskiy, M. P. Korolev, D. M. Krasilnikov, Yu. A. Kucheryavy, I. V. Maev, N. A. Maystrenko, M. F. Osipenko, M. I. Prudkov, V. I. Simanenkov, E. G. Solonitsin, A. V. Fedorov, E. D. Fedorov, I. B. Khlynov, M. V. Chikunova, A. V. Shabunin, S. G. Shapovalyants, A. A. Sheptulin, O. S. Shifrin

“…Current concept on the etiology of CP is reflected by the TIGAR-O classification. …”
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Impact of Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography Findings on Planning of Cancer Therapy in Patients with Concomitant Structural Heart Disease by Iyad N. Daher, Jose Banchs, Syed Wamique Yusuf, Elie Mouhayar, Jean-Bernard Durand, Gregory Gladish

“…A total of 80 patients underwent CCTA during the study period for the following indications (not mutually exclusive): cardiomyopathy of unknown etiology in 33 pts (41.3%), chest pain in 32 (40.0%), abnormal stress test in 16 (20.0%), abnormal cardiac markers in 8 (10.0%), suspected cardiac mass or thrombus in 7 (8.8%). …”
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer in Adults (Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Society of Colorectal Surgeons and the Russian Endosc... by V. T. Ivashkin, I. V. Maev, P. V. Tsar’kov, M. P. Korolev, D. N. Andreev, E. K. Baranskaya, S. G. Burkov, A. A. Derinov, S. K. Efetov, T. L. Lapina, P. V. Pavlov, S. S. Pirogov, A. V. Tkachev, A. S. Trukhmanov, E. D. Fedorov, A. A. Sheptulin

“…These clinical recommendations present modern ideas about the etiology and pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease, its clinical manifestations, methods of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics and basic approaches to conservative and surgical treatment.…”
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Data Mining for Identifying Novel Associations and Temporal Relationships with Charcot Foot by Michael E. Munson, James S. Wrobel, Crystal M. Holmes, David A. Hanauer

“…While some risk factors are known, debate continues regarding etiology. Elucidating other associated disorders and their temporal occurrence could lead to a better understanding of its pathogenesis. …”
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Advancing Alzheimer's Therapy: Computational strategies and treatment innovations by Jibon Kumar Paul, Abbeha Malik, Mahir Azmal, Tooba Gulzar, Muhammad Talal Rahim Afghan, Omar Faruk Talukder, Samar Shahzadi, Ajit Ghosh

“…A comprehensive analysis of recent literature was conducted to elucidate the broad scope of Alzheimer's etiology and the limitations of conventional drug discovery approaches. …”
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Bronchotracheal Stenting Management by Rigid Bronchoscopy under Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Support: 10 Years of Experience in a Tertiary Center by Sabrina Meyer, Anne-Sophie Dincq, Lionel Pirard, Sebahat Ocak, Jean-Paul D’Odémont, Philippe Eucher, Benoît Rondelet, André Gruslin, Laurie Putz

“…There were 11 benign and 3 malignant etiologies for the central airway obstruction/stenosis. …”
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Achalasia—An Autoimmune Inflammatory Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study by J. Furuzawa-Carballeda, D. Aguilar-León, A. Gamboa-Domínguez, M. A. Valdovinos, C. Nuñez-Álvarez, L. A. Martín-del-Campo, A. B. Enríquez, E. Coss-Adame, A. E. Svarch, A. Flores-Nájera, A. Villa-Baños, J. C. Ceballos, G. Torres-Villalobos

“…Idiopathic achalasia is a disease of unknown etiology. The loss of myenteric plexus associated with inflammatory infiltrates and autoantibodies support the hypothesis of an autoimmune mechanism. …”
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome by Masaaki Miyo, Emi Akizuki, Koichi Okuya, Ai Noda, Masayuki Ishii, Ryo Miura, Momoko Ichihara, Maho Toyota, Kohei Okamoto, Tatsuya Ito, Yuji Akiyama, Ichiro Takemasa

“…Recent findings have indicated that multiple pathophysiological changes, including reservoir function and evacuation of the neorectum, anal sphincter function, negative impact of a diverting stoma, autonomic denervation, and radiotherapy, are involved in the etiology of LARS. Due to the lack of established treatments and prevention of LARS, a suggested treatment chart for patients with LARS was presented in the Management Guidelines for Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (MANUEL) project. …”
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