Proinflammatory Effects of Diesel Exhaust Nanoparticles on Scleroderma Skin Cells by A. Mastrofrancesco, M. Alfè, E. Rosato, V. Gargiulo, C. Beatrice, G. Di Blasio, B. Zhang, D. S. Su, M. Picardo, S. Fiorito

“…Autoimmune diseases are complex disorders of unknown etiology thought to result from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. …”
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Dental problems and oral microbiome alterations in ulcerative colitis by Robert Kucharski, Robert Kucharski, Bartosz Kamil Sobocki, Ewa Stachowska, Nikola Bulman, Leszek Kalinowski, Leszek Kalinowski, Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka

“…Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that has not well-established etiology. The role of microbial dysregulation in its pathogenesis has been recently highlighted. …”
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A lethal disease of the European bison – posthitis is conditionally determined by its genomics by Sazia Kunvar, Sylwia Czarnomska, Cino Pertoldi, Astrid V. Stronen, Iwona Ruczyńska, Małgorzata Tokarska

“…The conditional nature of posthitis and ‘false negative’ sampling represent major difficulties in investigating this disease, and we recommend a complex genomic and environmental factors association assay that could eventually explain the puzzling etiology of posthitis and help mitigate this threat to the European bison.…”
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Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphisms and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and in Healthy Controls by Justyna Kuliczkowska Plaksej, Lukasz Laczmanski, Andrzej Milewicz, A. Lenarcik-Kabza, Anna Trzmiel-Bira, Urszula Zaleska-Dorobisz, Felicja Lwow, Lidia Hirnle

“…Our preliminary results suggest the potential role of CNR1 polymorphisms in the etiology of NAFLD, especially in PCOS women.…”
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Characterization of tumor evolution by functional clonality and phylogenetics in hepatocellular carcinoma by Zeynep Kacar, Eric Slud, Doron Levy, Julián Candia, Anuradha Budhu, Marshonna Forgues, Xiaolin Wu, Arati Raziuddin, Bao Tran, Jyoti Shetty, Yotsawat Pomyen, Jittiporn Chaisaingmongkol, Siritida Rabibhadana, Benjarath Pupacdi, Vajarabhongsa Bhudhisawasdi, Nirush Lertprasertsuke, Chirayu Auewarakul, Suleeporn Sangrajrang, Chulabhorn Mahidol, Mathuros Ruchirawat, Xin Wei Wang

“…Here we develop a strategy to determine the tumor clonality of three independent HCC cohorts of 524 patients with diverse etiologies and race/ethnicity by utilizing somatic mutations in cancer driver genes. …”
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New Prospects of Cytoprotection in the Treatment and Prevention of Gastric and Intestinal Diseases (Resolution of an Expert Council and Literature Review) by A. I. Martynov, A. A. Sheptulin, I. V. Mayev, A. N. Kazyulin, A. Ye. Karateev, A. V. Melekhov, L. K. Pal’gova, K. L. Raikhel’son

“…Rebamipid is a highly effective drug positively affecting various cytoprotection links, thus being suitable for the treatment and prevention of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as gastroenterological diseases of various etiologies.Conflict of interest: The Expert Council meeting was supported by the Alium company.…”
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Diagnosis of Vitreoretinal Aspergillosis with Transvitreal Retinochoroidal Biopsy by Krishi Peddada, Nida M. Khan, Jascha Rubin, Haykanush Zakaryan, Yaobin Liu, Nikolay Popnikolov, Roshun Sangani, Weiye Li

“…Diagnosing culture-proven endophthalmitis is complicated by the insufficient yield of intraocular samples and the variety of etiologies which mimic true endophthalmitis. In cases of impending vision loss where vitreous biopsy cannot provide a definitive diagnosis, transvitreal retinochoroidal biopsy can be an effective next step. …”
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An Enigmatic Wild Passerine Mortality Event in the Eastern United States by Sabrina S. Greening, Julie C. Ellis, Nicole L. Lewis, David B. Needle, Cristina M. Tato, Susan Knowles, Valerie Shearn-Bochsler, Jaimie L. Miller, Daniel A Grear, Jeffrey M. Lorch, David S. Blehert, Caitlin Burrell, Lisa A. Murphy, Erica A. Miller, C. Brandon Ogbunugafor, Andrea J. Ayala, W. Kelley Thomas, Joseph L. Sevigny, Lawrence M. Gordon, Tessa Baillargeon, Lusajo Mwakibete, Megan Kirchgessner, Christine L. Casey, Ethan Barton, Michael J. Yabsley, Eman Anis, Roderick B. Gagne, Patrice Klein, Cindy Driscoll, Chelsea A. Sykes, Robert H. Poppenga, Nicole M. Nemeth

“…Extensive diagnostic evaluations failed to identify a causative pathogen or other etiology, although congruent results across laboratories have helped drive further investigation into alternative causes, such as nutritional deficiencies. …”
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Neuroinflammation in Autism: Plausible Role of Maternal Inflammation, Dietary Omega 3, and Microbiota by Charlotte Madore, Quentin Leyrolle, Chloé Lacabanne, Anouk Benmamar-Badel, Corinne Joffre, Agnes Nadjar, Sophie Layé

“…As both nutrition and inflammation can massively affect the microbiota, we discuss here how understanding the crosstalk between these three actors could provide a promising framework to better elucidate ASD etiology.…”
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Epidemiology of Human Respiratory Viruses in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Jinan, China by Yanqin Lu, Shifu Wang, Lehai Zhang, Chao Xu, Cuirong Bian, Zhaoxia Wang, Yanhui Ma, Ke Wang, Lixia Ma, Chen Meng, Caiyun Ni, Jiabei Tong, Gongchao Li, Jinxiang Han

“…The viral etiologies of UTRIs and LTRIs in children in Jinan city were investigated between July 2009 and June 2010. …”
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Analysis of the Serum Bile Acid Composition for Differential Diagnosis in Patients with Liver Disease by Tomonori Sugita, Katsushi Amano, Masanori Nakano, Noriko Masubuchi, Masahiro Sugihara, Tomokazu Matsuura

“…We determined the serum bile acid (BA) composition in patients with liver diseases and healthy volunteers to investigate the relationship between the etiologies of liver disease and BA metabolism. Material and Methods. …”
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Hip Osteonecrosis Is Associated with Increased Plasma IL-33 Level by Jinhui Ma, Wanshou Guo, Zirong Li, Bailiang Wang, Shirui Li, Peng Wang

“…The IL-33 levels were compared among different ARCO stages, CJFH types, and etiology groups. Plasma IL-33 levels were significantly higher in the ONFH patients than that in the control subjects. …”
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Autism-Like Behavior and Epigenetic Changes Associated with Autism as Consequences of In Utero Exposure to Environmental Pollutants in a Mouse Model by Denise S. Hill, Robert Cabrera, Deeann Wallis Schultz, Huiping Zhu, Wei Lu, Richard H. Finnell, Bogdan J. Wlodarczyk

“…We tested the hypothesis that in utero exposure to heavy metals increases autism-like behavioral phenotypes in adult animals and induces epigenetic changes in genes that have roles in the etiology of autism. Mouse dams were treated with cadmium, lead, arsenate, manganese, and mercury via drinking water from gestational days (E) 1–10. …”
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Differential pathological changes in colon microenvironments in acute and chronic mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease by NaYeon Ham, Minji Park, Young-An Bae, Eui-Ju Yeo, YunJae Jung

“…Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting from an abnormal immune response to normal stimuli, such as food and intestinal flora. Since the etiology of this disease remains largely unknown, murine models induced by the consumption of dextran-sodium sulfate serve as a pivotal tool for studying colon inflammation. …”
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Long-term Results of Topical Insulin Treatment for Persistent Corneal Epithelial Defects by Júlio Almeida, Tomás Costa, Maria Vivas, Catarina Monteiro, Fernando T. Vaz, Diana Silva, Cristina Vendrell, Isabel Prieto

“…Patients’ demographic information, etiology, comorbidities, and clinical data were reviewed. …”
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The Burden of Smoking in the Health-Disease Process in People with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS by Yoenny Peña García, Luis Carlos Andraín Silva, Idalmis Sartorio Zayas, Dolys Suárez Padilla, Ana Julia Lozada Pérez

“…The relative risk and the etiologic risk fraction were calculated, as well as the Chi2 test to estimate the strength of association between the independent and dependent variables. …”
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Serum Bisphenol A Level in Boys with Cryptorchidism: A Step to Male Infertility? by Marta Diana Komarowska, Adam Hermanowicz, Urszula Czyzewska, Robert Milewski, Ewa Matuszczak, Wojciech Miltyk, Wojciech Debek

“…Cryptorchidism is the most common congenital birth defect in boys and affects about 2–4% full-term male neonates. Its etiology is multifactorial. Purpose. To evaluate the serum bisphenol A (BPA) levels in boys with cryptorchidism and healthy boys and to assess the risk of environmental exposure to BPA using the authors’ questionnaire. …”
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A Case of Simultaneous, Biopsy-Proven, Classic, ANCA-Positive Wegener's Granulomatosis and Anti-GBM Disease, but without Detectible Circulating Anti-GBM Antibodies by Aleksandra Gmurczyk, Shubhada N. Ahya, Robert Goldschmidt, George Kim, L. Tammy Ho, Kevin Nash

“…Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic, necrotizing, granulomatous vasculitis of unknown etiology. Approximately 75% of cases present as classic WG with both pulmonary and renal involvement, while the remaining 25% of patients present with a limited form with either predominantly upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms. …”
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Metformin-induced mitophagy suppresses auditory hair cell apoptosis via AMPK pathway by Yifan Lai, Jiawei Qiu, Kuang Zheng, Xiang Li, Yinuo Lin, Zhengzheng Li, Haiqiu Sun

“…Hearing loss is a pervasive issue affecting numerous individuals, and its etiology and categorization are multifaceted. Among these, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) emerges as the most prevalent variant among these. …”
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Androgen Metabolism Gene Polymorphisms, Associations with Prostate Cancer Risk and Pathological Characteristics: A Comparative Analysis between South African and Senegalese Men by Pedro Fernandez, Charnita M. Zeigler-Johnson, Elaine Spangler, André van der Merwe, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne M. Gueye, Timothy R. Rebbeck

“…Pathways involved in androgen metabolism have been implicated in the etiology of the disease. Analyses of clinical data and CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and SRD5A2 genotypes were performed in South African White (120 cases; 134 controls), Mixed Ancestry (207 cases; 167 controls), and Black (25 cases; 20 controls) men, as well as in Senegalese men (86 cases; 300 controls). …”
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