Oropharyngeal cancer associated with human papillomavirus. A Case Report by Lianet Pérez Rodríguez, Grisel Utrera Díaz, Miriam Magaly González González del Pino, Leydis Macías Ortiz

“…This case is presented because of the importance of knowing the etiology of these lesions attributed to the human papillomavirus for increasing people’s awareness of the risk factors and thus, reduce its prevalence.…”
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Multisystem Myotilinopathy, including Myopathy and Left Ventricular Noncompaction, due to the MYOT Variant c.179C>T by Josef Finsterer, Claudia Stöllberger, Matthias Hasun, Korbinian Riedhammer, Mathias Wagner

“…Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction is a myocardial abnormality of unknown etiology/pathogenesis, which is frequently associated with neuromuscular disorders or chromosomal defects. …”
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Sudden Onset of Coma and Fulminant Progression to Brain Death in a 48-Year-Old Male With Cerebral Malaria by Marina Costa, Cristiana Barbosa, Mauro Pereira, Luís Ribeiro, Pedro Silveira

“…Despite its rarity in a nonendemic country, its severity alerts to the consideration of this syndrome in the etiologic workup of coma. The early recognition of the diagnosis is of major importance for the establishment of definitive treatment, as its timely administration has a crucial impact on the outcome.…”
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A Rare Association of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with Gastric Adenocarcinoma by Kavita Agrawal, Flores Alfonso

“…Other extensive workup to determine the etiology of AIHA was negative (described in detail below). …”
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Fetal sirenomelia type VI. A case report by Lilian Rachel Vila Ferrán, María Antonia Ocaña Gil

“…The literature review of this pathology aims to describe the etiology, incidence, characteristics and various diagnostic methods in sirenomelia, due to the low frequency with which this entity occurs for its better study and understanding.…”
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A Case of Glycogenic Hepatopathy as a Complication of Poorly Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus by Samhitha Munugoti, Vamsee Reddy, Gaurav Patel, Maneesh Gaddam, Triveni Abburi

“…Furthermore, a low threshold of suspicion is required to identify a relatively underdiagnosed etiology like glycogenic hepatopathy (GH). This case report describes how patterns and trends of liver function tests provide important clues to the diagnosis of GH; how imaging modalities like ultrasonography, computerized tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan could be used to differentiate GH from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); and how the diagnosis of GH can be made without the need for invasive liver biopsy. …”
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A Lip Repositioning Technique Using Polyester Threads for Gummy Smile Treatment by Renata Oliveira Ribeiro Horn, Carlos Nelson Elias, Júlio César Joly

“…Hypermobile upper lip (HUL), vertical maxillary excess (VME) + HUL, altered passive eruption (APE) + HUL, and VME + APE were the etiologies identified. Three polyester threads were inserted in each patient one month after the surgery. …”
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Surgical and Visual Outcome for Recurrent Retinal Detachment Surgery by Constantin Pournaras, Chrysanthi Tsika, Catherine Brozou, Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris

“…We retrospectively reviewed 70 cases with refractory retinal detachment of various etiologies that required multiple operations. Anatomical success (attached retina) or failure (totally/partially-detached retina) was assessed biomicroscopically. …”
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Genetic Basis of Sjögren's Syndrome. How Strong is the Evidence? by Juan-Manuel Anaya, Angélica María Delgado-Vega, John Castiblanco

“…The observed aggregation of AIDs in families of patients with primary SS is nevertheless supportive for a genetic component in its etiology. In the absence of chromosomal regions identified by linkage studies, research has focused on candidate gene approaches (by biological plausibility) rather than on positional approaches. …”
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MODES OF SARS-COV-2 TRANSMISSION by Nilesh D. Patel, Kairavi J. Desai, Shirishkumar M. Patel

“…Background: On 12th December 2019, pneumonia of unknown etiology was reported in number of human cases from Wuhan, central China. …”
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Peptic Ulcer at the End of the 20th Century: Biological and Psychological Risk Factors by Susan Levenstein

“…The prevailing concept of peptic ulcer etiology has swung over entirely in just a few years from the psychological to the infectious, yet the rich literature documenting an association between psychosocial factors and ulcer is not invalidated by the discovery of Helicobacter pylori. …”
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Unilateral Upper Cervical Cord Infarction: A Report of Two Cases with Mild Neurological Symptoms Accompanying a Small Ischemic Lesion Detected by Brain MRI by Manabu Wada, Hikaru Nagasawa, Yoshitaka Yamaguchi

“…Although SCI shares similar etiologies with cerebral infarction, the characteristics of SCI without vessel dissection remain largely unknown. …”
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Primary sclerosing cholangitis by Marina G Silveira, Keith D Lindor

“…PSC primarily affects young and middle-aged men, often in association with underlying inflammatory bowel disease. The etiology of PSC includes immune-mediated components and elements of undefined nature. …”
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Differential Circulating Fungal Microbiome in Prostate Cancer Patients Compared to Healthy Control Individuals by Xu Wang, Zejun Zhou, David Turner, Michael Lilly, Tongwen Ou, Wei Jiang

“…Infection and inflammation play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) etiology and pathogenesis. However, the environmental drivers for PCa are not fully understood. …”
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Long-Term Follow-Up in Children with Anisocoria: Cocaine Test Results and Patient Outcome by Fabienne C. Fierz, Christina Gerth-Kahlert

“…In most children with anisocoria and a positive cocaine test result, systemic investigation did not reveal any underlying etiology. The only malignant disease was diagnosed in a patient with a suspicion of Horner’s syndrome but with an inconclusive cocaine test result in our cohort.…”
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Electromagnetic Fields, Oxidative Stress, and Neurodegeneration by Claudia Consales, Caterina Merla, Carmela Marino, Barbara Benassi

“…Since free radicals are essential for brain physiological processes and pathological degeneration, research focusing on the possible influence of the EMFs-driven oxidative stress is still in progress, especially in the light of recent studies suggesting that EMFs may contribute to the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders. This review synthesizes the emerging evidences about this topic, highlighting the wide data uncertainty that still characterizes the EMFs effect on oxidative stress modulation, as both pro-oxidant and neuroprotective effects have been documented. …”
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Examinations of effects of socio-demographic features and disease-related data of patients with hemodialysis on the quality of life by Elif Togay, Hatice Öntürk Akyüz

“…In addition, 24% had another family member who received dialysis treatment, with hypertension as the etiology in 35.6% of chronic renal failure (CRF). The findings showed that 93.8% patients had no previous transplantation, and 62.9% considered future transplantation.Within the scope of this research, the findings suggest that the quality of life of dialysis patients was poor. …”
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Primary Peritonitis: An Index Case of Mycoplasma hominis Infection in a Healthy Female by Sabrina Drexel, Daniel Tseng

“…A 42-year-old female with history of uterine fibroids was admitted with abdominal pain and intraperitoneal fluid of unknown etiology. She was initially managed nonoperatively and empirically treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. …”
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Update on Primary Biliary Cirrhosis by Jenny Heathcote

“…The antimitochondrial antibody remains the predominant hallmark, although not all patients test positive, even when the most sensitive techniques are used. The etiology of PBC remains elusive; studies suggest that the interlobular bile duct destruction is immune based, and associated autoimmune diseases are common. …”
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Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Concentrations in Corneal Epithelium of Patients with Recurrent Corneal Erosions by Katarzyna Jadczyk-Sorek, Wojciech Garczorz, Beata Bubała-Stachowicz, Tomasz Francuz, Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek

“…The group 1 was divided into two subgroups regarding the etiology of recurrent corneal erosions: group 1A, Cogan’s basement membrane dystrophy, and group 1B, trauma. …”
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