Sickle Cell Anemia, the First Molecular Disease: Overview of Molecular Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Approaches by Martin H. Steinberg

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A comprehensive review of urinary tract fistulas: the evolution of etiologies, surgical techniques, and contemporary outcomes by Noah Nigro, Gary Shahinyan, Shujian Lin, Rohan G. Bhalla, Brian J. Flynn

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Sex and gender differences in the molecular etiology of Parkinson’s disease: considerations for study design and data analysis by Samantha L. Schaffner, Kira N. Tosefsky, Amy M. Inskter, Silke Appel-Cresswell, Julia M. Schulze-Hentrich

“…In this review, we summarize known contributors to sex differences in PD etiology across the life course, with a focus on neurological development and gene regulation. …”
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Large Bowel Obstruction Subsequent to Resected Lobular Breast Carcinoma: An Unconventional Etiology of Malignant Obstruction by Melissa Amberger, Nancy Presnick, Gerard Baltazar

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An Elderly Lady with Fever of Unknown Etiology and Severe Pulmonary Hypertension: Intravascular Lymphoma—An Elusive Diagnosis by Nupur Sinha, Luis Lantigua, Masooma Niazi, Gilda Diaz-Fuentes

“…We present a rare case of an elderly patient presenting with severe pulmonary hypertension, fever of unknown etiology (FUO), and lymphadenopathy. Extensive evaluation searching for the etiology of her FUO and PH was noncontributory. …”
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Etiology of Tendency Toward Using Cannabis: A Qualitative Study of the Lived Experiences of Teenager’s Consumers by Soodabeh Rostami, Atousa Kalantar Hormozi, Mohammad Asgari, Ezzatollah Kordmirza Nikoozadeh

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Genetic Etiology of Ichthyosis in Turkish Patients: Next-generation Sequencing Identified Seven Novel Mutations by Hanife SAAT, Ibrahim SAHIN, Neslihan DUZKALE, Muzeyyen GONUL, Taha BAHSI

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A Painless Restricted Motion of the Thumb: What Etiology? About An Uncommon Tumor in Uncommon Localization by Naoufal Elghoul, Mohammed Benchakroun, Azzelarab Bennis, Omar Zaddoug, Ali Zine, Mansour Tanane, Abdeloihab Jaafar

“…So, although lipomas of the digit are rare, they should be considered a possible etiology of either painful or mechanic restricted motion of the digit.…”
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Aflatoxins in Uganda: An Encyclopedic Review of the Etiology, Epidemiology, Detection, Quantification, Exposure Assessment, Reduction, and Control by Timothy Omara, Winfred Nassazi, Tom Omute, Aburu Awath, Fortunate Laker, Raymond Kalukusu, Bashir Musau, Brenda Victoria Nakabuye, Sarah Kagoya, George Otim, Eddie Adupa

“…This review was sought to synthetize the country’s major findings in relation to the mycotoxins’ etiology, epidemiology, detection, quantification, exposure assessment, control, and reduction in different matrices. …”
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Pediatric Infective Endocarditis: Has Staphylococcus aureus Overtaken Viridans Group Streptococci as the Predominant Etiological Agent? by Aisha Alshammary, Marilou Hervas-Malo, Joan L Robinson

“…BACKGROUND: Viridans group streptococci (VGS) have traditionally been the most common etiological agents of infective endocarditis (IE). Advances in cardiovascular surgery and the increasing use of long-term central venous catheters may have altered the epidemiology of pediatric IE.…”
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Hearing Screening Combined with Target Gene Panel Testing Increased Etiological Diagnostic Yield in Deaf Children by Le Xie, Yue Qiu, Yuan Jin, Kai Xu, Xue Bai, Xiao-Zhou Liu, Xiao-Hui Wang, Sen Chen, Yu Sun

“…Genetic testing is the gold standard for exploring the etiology of congenital hearing loss. Here, we enrolled 137 Chinese patients with congenital hearing loss to describe the molecular epidemiology by using 127 gene panel testing or 159 variant testing. …”
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Unusual Etiology of Acute Wrist Pain: Acute Calcific Tendonitis of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Mimicking an Infection by Man R. Shim

“…For that reason, it is frequently mistaken for more common etiologies. This study reports a case of acute calcific tendinitis of the flexor carpi ulnaris, which was initially misdiagnosed as cellulitis, in a 65-year-old woman, who was unnecessarily prescribed with antibiotics. …”
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A Rare Case of Primary Amenorrhea with Two Etiologies, Hypothalamic Amenorrhea, Transverse Vaginal Septum, and No Hematocolpos by Firouzeh Ghaffari, Fatemeh Keikha, Arezoo Arabipoor

“…Clinicians should be aware of presence of more than one etiology which causes atypical presentations and accomplishes a systematic strategy for the evaluation of amenorrhea potential to avoid long-term side effects of a misdiagnosis.…”
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Infections, autoimmunity and immunodeficiencies are the leading etiologies of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in adults from the southwest of Colombia. by Andrés F. Zea-Vera, Carlos Andrés Rodríguez, Sebastián Giraldo, Mario Alejandro Chacón, Luis Fernando Guerrero, Ricardo Mosquera, Raúl Andrés Vallejo, Fabio Samir Vargas, María Andrea García, María A. Rengifo, Anilza Bonelo, Maximiliano Parra

“…There are no data about the prevalence of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis etiologies in the Colombian population. Objective. To investigate non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis etiology and clinical characteristics in adults evaluated in the southwest of Colombia. …”
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Targeted dual biologic therapy for erythroderma of unknown etiology guided by high-parameter peripheral blood immunophenotyping by Hannah L. Cornman, Martin P. Alphonse, Arbor Dykema, Alexander L. Kollhoff, Kevin K. Lee, Jaya Manjunath, Emily Z Ma, Varsha Parthasarathy, Junwen Deng, Thomas Pritchard, Anusha Kambala, Melika Marani, Kayla A. Parr, Javid P. Mohammed, Madan M. Kwatra, Jay H. Bream, Won Jin Ho, Shawn G. Kwatra

“…Abstract Erythroderma is a severe and heterogeneous inflammatory skin condition with little guidance on the approach to management in cases of unknown etiology. To guide therapeutic selection, we sought to create an immunophenotyping platform able to identify aberrant cell populations and cytokines in subtypes of erythroderma. …”
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Clinical characteristics, etiology, and treatment of young adult‐onset epilepsy: A 24‐year retrospective study by Xu Zhang, Feng Xiang, Ziyu Wang, Yang Li, Chenjing Shao, Xiaoyang Lan, Senyang Lang, Xiangqing Wang

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Etiological, Clinical, and Epidemiological Characteristics of Acute Viral Gastroenteritis in an Adult Population in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Spain by Sara Herranz-Ulldemolins, Anna Sellarès-Crous, Miriam J. Álvarez-Martínez, M. Eugenia Valls, Marta Aldea Novo, Anna Vilella Morató, Laura Rodriguez, Mireia Navarro, Roser Vendrell, Josep Barrachina, Miguel J. Martínez, M. Ángeles Marcos

“…Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, there are limited data on adults seeking care due to AGE of viral etiology. This study aimed to describe the etiological, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics of viral AGE in adult patients presenting for medical consultation in a tertiary hospital over a 2-year period. …”
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The Etiological Spectrum of Febrile Encephalopathy in Adult Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Developing Country by Elham Peidaee, Fereshte Sheybani, HamidReza Naderi, Nasrin Khosravi, Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi

“…This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the etiological spectrum of febrile encephalopathy in hospitalized adult patients. …”
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BABESIOSIS IN HUMANS by Zornitsa Traykova

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Meconium Peritonitis and Periorchitis: Report of a Prenatal Case by Cem Yaşar Sanhal, İnanç Mendilcioğlu, Adnan Aslan, Murat Özekinci, Mehmet Şimşek

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