A General Mathematical Method for Investigating the Thymic Microenvironment, Thymocyte Development, and Immunopathogenesis by Guanyu Wang, Gerhard R. F. Krueger

“…The process is profoundlyaffected by the thymic microenvironment, the dysregulation of whichmay be the pathogenesis or the etiology of some diseases. On thebasis of a general conceptual framework, we have designed the firstbiophysical model to describe thymocyte development. …”
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Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Review of Current Management Practices by Hannah Yu, Sophia Choi, Rodney Guiseppi, Touka Banaee

“… Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a well-characterized ischemic ophthalmic event that may result in sudden and devastating vision loss. The etiology of RAO may vary including both arteritic and non-arteritic causes and the location of the lesion can extend from the ophthalmic artery to the branches of the central retinal artery. …”
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Heterogeneity of Genetic Landscapes in Salivary Gland Tumors and Their Critical Roles in Current Management by Anam YOUSAF, Sarina SULONG, Baharudin ABDULLAH, Norhafiza Mat LAZIM

“…These chromosomal translocations provide fresh insights into the molecular etiology of diverse SGNs and aid in their classification and in approaching treatment. …”
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Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis with Empyema due to Salmonellosis by Georgios D. Lianos, Panagiota Drosou, Rizos Souvatzoglou, Anastasia Karampa, Georgios Vangelis, Emmanouil Angelakis, Vassilios Pappas, Epameinontas Lekkas

“…It has to be highlighted that acalculous cholecystitis is a rare entity, mostly at critically ill patients, and treatment options depend on clinical condition, risk factors, and etiology. To our knowledge, this is the first case report dealing with acalculous cholecystitis with empyema due to salmonellosis up to date. …”
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Previable Preeclampsia Diagnosed by Renal Biopsy in Setting of Novel Diagnosis of C4 Glomerulopathy by Jessica Parrott, Timothy A. Fields, Marc Parrish

“…With no other definable etiologies, preeclampsia was diagnosed. She developed posterior reversible encephalopathic syndrome and pregnancy termination was recommended. …”
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Craniomandibular Disorders and Mandibular Reference Position in Orthodontic Treatment by Farid Bourzgui, Hakima Aghoutan, Samir Diouny

“…Article classification was made by two authors, using the following structure outline: prevalence of craniomandibular disorders, its etiology and pathophysiology, occlusion and craniomandibular disorders, orthodontic treatment and CMD, and the mandibular reference position in orthodontics. …”
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Numb Chin Syndrome as First Symptom of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma by Mario Carbone, Francesco Della Ferrera, Lucio Carbone, Gaia Gatti, Marco Carrozzo

“…Dental causes, especially iatrogenic ones, maxillofacial trauma, or malignant neoplasm are etiologic factors for this rare syndrome. Many malignant and metastatic neoplasms are causing this syndrome, like primary osteosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and mandibular metastasis of primary carcinoma of breast, lung, thyroid, kidney, prostate, and nasopharynx. …”
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Whole-Genome Sequencing of Mexican Strains of Anaplasma marginale: An Approach to the Causal Agent of Bovine Anaplasmosis by Fernando Martínez-Ocampo, Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda, Itzel Amaro-Estrada, Edgar Dantán-González, Jesús Francisco Preciado de la Torre, Sergio Rodríguez-Camarillo

“…Anaplasma marginale is the main etiologic agent of bovine anaplasmosis, and it is extensively distributed worldwide. …”
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Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a Patient with Prolymphocytic Transformation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by Gwynivere A. Davies, Alejandro Lazo-Langner, Michael Shkrum, Leonard Minuk

“…We discuss the potential etiologies and relationships between these critical diagnoses.…”
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Cardiac Failure after Liver Transplantation Requiring a Biventricular Assist Device by Rita Jermyn, Eiei Soe, David D’Alessandro, Julia Shin, William Jakobleff, Daniel Schwartz, Milan Kinkhabwala, Paul J. Gaglio

“…This case highlights the importance of preoperatively recognizing extrahepatic iron deposition in patients referred for liver transplantation irrespective of etiology of liver disease as this may prevent postoperative complications.…”
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Revisiting the role of IL-27 in obesity-related metabolic diseases: safeguard or perturbation? by Jinyang An, Donghua Fu, Ximei Chen, Conghui Guan, Conghui Guan, Lingling Li, Jia Bai, Haihong Lv, Haihong Lv

“…With the deepening understanding of the etiology of metabolic diseases, novel therapeutic targets are emerging for the treatment of obesity, lipid metabolism disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, glucose metabolism disorders, and other related metabolic conditions. …”
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The Association Between Platelet Indices and Clinical Parameters in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by Sümeyra Nergiz Avcıoğlu, Sündüz Özlem Altınkaya, Mert Küçük, Selda Demircan Sezer, Hasan Yüksel

“… OBJECTIVE: Etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is variable. …”
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Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus following improved medication compliance: a case report by Eugene Annor, Ishita Bhattacharya, Mary Bass, Emily M. Horvath

“…Evaluation revealed nephrogenic diabetes insipidus as the primary etiology, likely exacerbated by recent changes in medication adherence. …”
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The Relationship between Frequently Used Glucose-Lowering Agents and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by You Lv, Xue Zhao, Weiying Guo, Ying Gao, Shuo Yang, Zhuo Li, Guixia Wang

“…Metabolic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus, have become global health issues. The etiology of diabetes mellitus can be attributed to genetic and/or environmental factors. …”
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Current Evidence and Insights about Genetics in Thoracic Aorta Disease by Gianluigi Bisleri, Lorenzo Bagozzi, Claudio Muneretto

“…Thoracic aortic aneurysms have been historically considered to be caused by etiologic factors similar to those implied in abdominal aortic aneurysms. …”
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Mandibular Osteitis Leading to the Diagnosis of SAPHO Syndrome by Tomohiro Kikuchi, Hiroyuki Fujii, Akifumi Fujita, Tomoko Sugiyama, Hideharu Sugimoto

“…We should consider SAPHO syndrome when we encounter a patient with mandibular osteitis of unknown etiology.…”
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ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Presenting as Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Potentially Fatal Presentation by Uroosa Ibrahim, Amina Saqib, Maryam Rehan, Jean Paul Atallah

“…Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disorder that can be familial in etiology or a result of infections, malignancy, and autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. …”
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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Association with Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma by Aneesh Basheer, Somanath Padhi, Ramesh Nagarajan, Vinoth Boopathy, Sudhagar Mookkappan, Nayyar Iqbal

“…We do suggest that HLH may pose diagnostic challenges in the evaluation of an underlying lymphoma and hence warrants proper evaluation for the underlying etiologies and/or triggering factors.…”
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Composite paraganglioma-ganglioneuroma with atypical catecholamine profile and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase expression: a case report and literature review by Yuriko Sasaki, Maki Kanzawa, Masaaki Yamamoto, Keitaro Kanie, Hironori Bando, Kei Yoshino, Yushi Hirota, Katsumi Shigemura, Masato Fujisawa, Wataru Ogawa, Hidenori Fukuoka

“…We also discuss various aspects of the etiology of composite paragangliomas and the mechanism by which PNMT is expressed in tumors.…”
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A Case of Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Causing Mitral Valve Papillary Muscle Rupture by Tiffany Tamse, Avind Rampersad, Alejandro Jordan-Villegas, Jill Ireland

“…Pathology of the valve showed eosinophilic infiltration as the underlying etiology. The patient was diagnosed with IHES after the exclusion of infectious, rheumatologic, and oncologic causes. …”
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