Identification of Important Genes of Keratoconus and Construction of the Diagnostic Model by Lin Wang, Yuqing Wang, Juan Liu, Wencheng Zhao

“…Abnormal cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy defects are related to KC, which may be the etiology and potential target of KC.…”
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Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Three Patient Populations, Two Disease Phenotypes, and One Shared Genotype by Robert B. Hinton

“…Likewise, human genetics studies have established apparently separate and common contributions to these clinical phenotypes, suggesting complex inheritance and a shared genetic basis and translating 3 patient populations, namely, BAV, TAA, or both, into a common but diverse etiology. A better understanding of the BAV-TAA association will provide an opportunity to leverage molecular information to modify clinical care through more sophisticated diagnostic testing, improved counseling, and ultimately new pharmacologic therapies.…”
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A 33-Year-Old Man with Gynaecomastia and Galactorrhea as the First Symptoms of Graves Hyperthyroidism by Somdul Khoohaphatthanakul, Apiradee Sriwijitkamol

“…Other investigations to elucidate the etiology of galactorrhea were normal, so the galactorrhea was hypothesized to be caused by Graves’ disease. …”
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Pediatric Migraine by Ubaid Hameed Shah, Veena Kalra

“…The pathophysiological concepts have evolved from a purely vascular etiology to a neuroinflammatory process. Clinical evaluation is the mainstay of diagnosis and should also include family history. …”
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Convergence Insufficiency by Adil Adil, Julita Julita

“…Makalah ini membahas tentang etiologi, gejala, diagnosis dan pengobatan CI.…”
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Schizophrenia and Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna with History of Head Injury by Fatima Elghazouani

“…Hyperostosis frontalis interna is an irregular thickening of the frontal bone. Its etiology is unknown. It has been rarely linked with schizophrenia and head injury. …”
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Perforated Duodenal Ulcer in a Young Nepalese Girl: An Infrequent Diagnosis for Age by Ashish Lal Shrestha, Anusha Shrestha

“…In a child with acute abdomen and pneumoperitoneum, an appendiceal etiology is more often suspected as a likely cause. …”
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Use of Bismuth in Irritable Bowel Syndrome by T. A. Ilchishina

“…Therapeutic efficacy of bismuth compounds has been demonstrated in treatment of diarrhea-accompanied diseases of   various etiology, including postinfectious IBS. The use of therapeutic-dosed bismuth preparations is safe and well tolerated by patients.Conclusion. …”
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Epidemiology of Kidney Cancer by D. Pascual, A. Borque

“…Some tumors are known to have a definite cause-effect etiology, but renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not one of them precisely. …”
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Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Signaling Pathway: An Update on Molecular Biomarkers by Warut Tulalamba, Tavan Janvilisri

“…Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon cancer, which has a distinctive ethnic and geographic distribution. Etiology of NPC is considered to be related with a complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors as well as Epstein-Barr virus infection. …”
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Abdominoscrotal Hydrocele: An Uncommon Cause of Abdominoscrotal Cystic Swelling by Manish Swarnkar, Pathan Tanveer Khan

“…Abdominoscrotal hydrocele (ASH) consists of fluid-filled intercommunicating inguinoscrotal and abdominal sac with a characteristic hourglass-like picture on CECT, which usually affects single testis and a rare cause of abdominoscrotal cystic swelling. The precise etiology of ASH is not known. Ultrasonography is the initial diagnostic modality of choice as it demonstrates the intercommunication between the two sacs and also identifies any abnormality of the testis and genitourinary tract. …”
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Xerosis: from pathogenesis to solving practical problems by Irina E. Torshina

“…Xerosis is a widespread symptom of dermatoses of various etiologies and pathogenetic mechanisms, which is recorded in people of different ages with a wide range of frequency and severity. …”
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Neuro-ophthalmic complications following eighth cranial nerve microvascularx decompression by Stanley M. Saju, Patrick J. Hunt, Pamela Davila-Siliezar, Noor Laylani, Andrew G. Lee

“…Purpose: To discuss a novel diagnosis of post-surgical iatrogenic AICA vasospasm following eighth cranial nerve microvascular decompression as the most likely etiology for a lateral pontine infarct. Observations: A 49-year-old male presented with tinnitus, vertigo, binocular and monocular diplopia following left occipital decompressive craniectomy and microvascular decompression of cranial nerve VIII. …”
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Hormonal Treatment for Severe Hydronephrosis Caused by Bladder Endometriosis by Erkan Efe, Murat Bakacak, Salih Serin, Eyüp Kolus, Önder Ercan, Sefa Resim

“…In the case presented here, a patient presented to the emergency department with the complaint of side pain and was examined and diagnosed with severe hydronephrosis and bladder endometriosis was determined in the etiology. After the patient was pathologically diagnosed, Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS) was administered to the uterine cavity. …”
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Functional Abdominal Pain in Childhood: Background Studies and Recent Research Trends by Rona L Levy, Miranda AL van Tilburg

“…Topics covered from research published in the past five years include prevalence and cost, longitudinal follow-up, overlap with other disorders, etiology and mechanisms behind functional abdominal pain and treatment studies. …”
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Mal de Debarquement Syndrome: A Rare Entity—A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Veronica Nwagwu, Rakesh Patel, Jerome Okudo

“…Mal de Debarquement Syndrome (MDS) is a rare, understudied, underdiagnosed, and self-limiting condition. Etiology and incidence are unknown. It is characterized by abnormal sensation of motion/balance reported after travel by air, land, and sea; being reexposed to motion/activity relieves it. …”
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Coronary Artery Ectasia Presenting as a Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Young Adult: Case Presentation and Literature Review by Kareem Genena, Mir Ali, Donald Christmas, Henry Siu

“…While acute coronary syndromes most commonly occur secondary to unstable atherosclerotic plaque, coronary aneurysms, also known as coronary artery ectasia (CAE), represent a less common etiology. Whereas coronary atherosclerosis accounts for about 50% of CAE, the remaining 50% are either congenital or secondary to a host of inflammatory and connective tissue disorders, with Kawasaki disease being a well-known association. …”
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Generalized tuberculosis with long-term course in the guise of liver cirrhosis by Z. A. Lemeshko, M. V. Mayevskaya, I. N. Tikhonov, N. P. Musina, M. S. Zharkova, Ye. V. Fominykh, V. T. Ivashkin

“…The 25 year-old patient, who was managed for 10 years for liver cirrhosis of nonspecified etiology, was investigated. The careful analysis of clinical presentation of disease, data of physical examination, results of radiological and other methods of diagnostics was carried out.Results. …”
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Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis: A Review of 3 Cases by Emilio Mevio, Michele Sbrocca, Mauro Mullace, Silvia Viglione, Niccolò Mevio

“…Multiple symmetrical lipomatosis, or Madelung's disease, is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by the presence of loose adipose tissue deposits localized in the cervical region and in the upper body. …”
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Extreme Rhabdomyolysis, Acute Renal Failure, and Protracted Ileus in a Case of Legionella Pneumonia by C. Laivier, M.-O. Bleuze, P. Hantson, J. Devos

“…No cause of mechanical obstruction was found at surgery and common etiologies of intestinal obstruction were excluded. …”
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