Exertional Dyspnea Incidentally Diagnosed as Sarcoidosis: A Teaching Hospital Experience by Melvina Nartey, Kofi Ulzen-Appiah

“…Sarcoidosis is a complex disease with nonspecific etiology and clinical presentation. Its diagnosis is often delayed due to the absence of a single specific investigation modality. …”
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Parry–Romberg Syndrome with Uhthoff’s Phenomena: A Spectrum of Autoimmune Disease? by Samuel Asanad

“…The present case suggests that PRS may possibly have an autoimmune etiology resembling that of multiple sclerosis.…”
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Steroids and/or Cytotoxic Agents Should Be Used Early in the Management of Patients with IPF -- The Pro Argument by Sat Sharma

“…A disorder of unknown etiology, IPF is the most common and most lethal of all interstitial pneumonias.…”
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Crohn’s Disease – The Pathogenesis of a Granulomatous Vasculitis: A Hypothesis by Andrew J Wakefield

“…These data are consistent with the possibility of a persistent measles virus enteritis in the etiology and pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease and this hypothesis merits further study.…”
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Treatment of a woman with emetophobia: a trauma focused approach by Ad de Jongh

“…This paper presents a case of a 46-year old woman with emetophobia in which a trauma-focused treatment approach was applied; that is, an approach particularly aimed at processing disturbing memories of a series of events which were considered to be causal in the etiology of her condition. Four therapy sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) produced a lasting decrease in symptomatology. …”
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Multivessel Coronary Artery Vasospasm-Induced Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy by Vishal I. Patel, Serap Sobnosky

“…Epicardial coronary vasospasm is a rarely reported etiology for takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and its pathophysiologic mechanisms still remain incompletely understood. …”
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Hypertension Due To Renal Artery Stenosis by Devi Novriyanti, Aumas Pabuti, Fitrisia Amelin

“…Sebagian besar etiologi hipertensi pada anak adalah sekunder dengan kelainan yang mendasari, berbeda dengan dewasa yang biasanya primer. …”
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gas-forming pyomyositis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and review by Jee Young Lee, Gyu Min Kong

“…The primary etiology of pyomyositis is predominantly Staphylococcus aureus , although Gram-negative bacteria may also be involved on rare occasions. …”
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Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in a Patient with Undiscovered Sigmoid Colon Cancer by Huang Po-Yen, Ku Po-Ming

“…We offer this case as a reminder that cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with the etiology of TTC.…”
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Percutaneous Endoscopic Management for Oriental Cholangiohepatitis: A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature by Khalil Aloreidi, Prince Sethi, Terry Yeager, Muslim Atiq

“…OCH is found mostly in Southeast Asia but it is occasionally recognized in Western societies. OCH etiology is largely unknown. We report our experience with a patient who presented with acute cholecystitis. …”
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Type 2 Diabetes, PUFAs, and Vitamin D: Their Relation to Inflammation by Ana L. Guadarrama-López, Roxana Valdés-Ramos, Beatríz E. Martínez-Carrillo

“…Until now, researchers have considered that the etiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is multifactorial. …”
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Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease presenting as pyrexia of unknown origin by Prasanta Padhan, Krishna Prasad Tripathy, Saroj Ranjan Sahoo, Debasish Maikup, Nachiketa Mahapatra

“…Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD), or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare benign, self-limiting disorder of unknown etiology. Mostly prevalent among Asian women, KFD manifests mostly with cervical and rarely generalized or retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in addition to fever. …”
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Masson's tumor of the parotid gland: A case report and literature review by Fawaz Alotaibi, Abdulrahman Hesham, Marwa Hatem, Yousef Alshamrani, Areil Cuevas Ocampo, Chinedum Okafor

“…Masson's tumor, also known as intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), is a rare benign vascular lesion characterized by an abnormal proliferation of endothelial cells within blood vessels, forming papillary structures that can occur in various parts of the body, including the parotid gland. Masson's etiology and risk factors remain unclear, but trauma and vascular pathological conditions may contribute to tumor progression. …”
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Unilateral Optic Neuritis: A Rare Complication after Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination in a 30-Year-Old Woman by Chiara De Giacinto, Elvira Guaglione, Pia E. Leon, Rossella D’Aloisio, Odilla Vattovani, Giuseppe Ravalico, Daniele Tognetto

“…It may be a toxic reaction to the nonviral component of the vaccine, but the exact etiology is unknown. Postvaccination neuritis is generally bilateral and usually affects children. …”
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Relapsing Polychondritis in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis Using Etanercept by Valderilio Feijó Azevedo, Natalia Bassalobre Galli, Alais Daiane Fadini Kleinfelder, Julia Farabolini D’Ippolito, Andressa Gulin Tolentino, Eduardo Paiva

“…Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation and progressive destruction of cartilaginous tissues, especially of the ears, nose, joints, and tracheobronchial tree. Its etiology is not well understood, but some studies have linked its pathophysiology with autoimmune disease and autoantibody production. …”
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Autoimmune and iodine deficiency diseases of the thyroid gland as the "tip of the iceberg" of multiple organ pathology by Ekaterina A. Troshina

“…The article presents modern data on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune and iodine deficiency diseases in the context of possible associations with other autoimmune and non-autoimmune somatic pathologies. …”
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Genetic Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Primary Biliary Cholangitis by Satoru Joshita, Takeji Umemura, Eiji Tanaka, Masao Ota

“…Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy is the most effective and approved treatment for PBC and leads to a favorable outcome in the vast majority of cases. Although the etiology of PBC has not yet been elucidated, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles have been consistently associated with disease onset for decades. …”
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Relationship between Periodontitis and Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease by Magda Pinilla Pérez, Elisa DBeche Riambau, Miriam Castro Ortega

“…Periodontitis is an immunoinflammatory disorder of microbial etiology caused by unique germs in the oral cavity that can spread through the bloodstream, activate the host's inflammatory response and promote the formation, maturation and exacerbation of atheromatous plaque. …”
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Bilateral Simultaneous Heterotopic Ossification of the Reflected Head of Rectus Femoris Muscle: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Murat Tonbul, Seyma Ozen, Ayse Tuba Tonbul

“…It is a benign condition; however, its etiology remains largely unknown. Most previously reported cases have been due to trauma or intramuscular hemorrhage. …”
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A Rare Cause of Acute Kidney Injury in a Female Patient with Breast Cancer Presenting as Renal Colic by Roxana Jurubita, Bogdan Obrisca, Gener Ismail

“…The unspecific presenting symptoms often mask the true etiology of the patient’s complaints. We present here a rare case of renal infarction that occurred in the setting of a hypercoagulable state, in a female patient with a history of breast cancer and documented hepatic metastases.…”
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