A Tic-ing Time Bomb: Case Report of a Unique Presentation of Sudden-onset Tics by Arino Neto, Vanessa Perez, Kim Manwaring, Lauren Averill, Victoria Wurster Ovalle

“…Conclusion: When evaluating a patient with tics, an atypical history or abnormal physical exam findings should raise suspicion for possible secondary etiologies, including arteriovenous malformation and stroke.…”
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From Rarity to Recognition: Infantile Botulism and the Broad Spectrum of Differential Diagnoses by Matthew C. Authement, Brandon M. Jones, Robert J. Kahoud, Elizabeth H. Ristagno

“…The differential for an ill-appearing infant should always include infectious etiologies and may include metabolic disorders, congenital anomalies, nonaccidental trauma, neurologic disorders, and endocrine disorders. …”
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Biopsy-Proven Acute Tubular Necrosis due to Vancomycin Toxicity by Farheen Shah-Khan, Marc H. Scheetz, Cybele Ghossein

“…With the advent of the more purified forms of VAN, the incidence of AKI related to VAN were limited to acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) or as a potentiating agent to other nephrotoxins such as Aminoglycosides. VAN as the sole etiologic factor for nephrotoxic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) has not been described. …”
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Adult-onset Still's disease: A great masquerader triggered by hepatitis A infection by Jhasaketan Meher, Keshao B Nagpure, Md Sabah Siddiqui, A M Vishnu Dev

“…Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The varied clinical presentation of the disease mimicking many other diseases makes it difficult to diagnose. …”
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Syntomatic Tarlov Cyst. Case presentation by Jorge Luis Castillo López, María E. Jerves Crespo, Victoria E. Solís Espín, Juan C. Vargas Parra

“…It is an infrequent disease. Although its etiology is uncertain different theories have been postulated since its discovery. …”
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Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: Multiple Congenital Joint Contractures by Hamza Sucuoglu, Nurettin Irem Ornek, Cagkan Caglar

“…Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a syndrome characterized by nonprogressive multiple congenital joint contractures. The etiology of disease is multifactorial; it is most commonly suspected from absent fetal movements and genetic defects. …”
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Transmigration of Mandibular Canine: Report of Four Cases and Review of Literature by Gaurav Sharma, Archna Nagpal

“…We report 4 cases of transmigration of mandibular canine and review the literature regarding the etiology and treatment. Panoramic radiograph should be taken during the mixed dentition period if the mandibular canine has not erupted from more than one year from its normal chronological age of eruption as intraoral periapical radiograph examination will not always detect an impacted or transmigrated canine.…”
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A Rare Association: Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia with Liver Cirrhosis Causing Portal Hypertension by Denisse Morales-Tovar, Froylan D. Martínez-Sánchez, Alejandro Gabutti-Thomas, Rodolfo Rivera-Martínez, Jacqueline Córdova-Gallardo

“…Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome, is a vascular disorder of autosomal dominant etiology. The hallmark clinical feature is the presence of recurrent episodes of epistaxis in patients with vascular malformations and a tendency to bleed. …”
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A Congenital Anterior Urethrocutaneous Fistula in a Boy Whose Mother Was Exposed to Ionizing Radiations: Case Report and Literature Review by C. Spinelli, V. Pucci, C. Menchini, I. Buti, L. Fregoli, R. Spisni, A. Mogorovich

“…We report a review of the literature about etiology and surgical strategy including the role of ionizing radiations. …”
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Severe Hyperbilirubinemia: A Rare Complication of Lyme Disease by Maarij Baig, Lin Zheng, Alka Farmer

“…Here we report a case of severe hyperbilirubinemia as the presenting symptom of Lyme disease. Other plausible etiologies have been ruled out after extensive workups, including liver biopsy. …”
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Bilateral Killian-Jamieson Diverticula: A Case Report and Literature Review by René D Boisvert, Drew CG Bethune, David Acton, Denis R Klassen

“…A literature review and discussion of the etiology, clinical presentation and radiographic findings of Killian-Jamieson diverticulum follow, as do recommendations for clinical management.…”
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A Gigantic Anogenital Lesion: Buschke-Lowenstein Tumor by Rikinder Sandhu, Zaw Min, Nitin Bhanot

“…Human papilloma virus has been implicated as an etiologic agent for this tumor. Since this disease is rare and no controlled studies exist, radical excision of this anogenital lesion is generally recommended as the first line therapy and close vigilance and followup are essential. …”
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Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia following Multicentric Castleman Disease by Feng Li, Xiaomei Zhang, Yanting Guo, Yuandong Zhu, Yicun Wu, Yun Ling

“…Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a rare nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disorder presenting systemic symptoms such as fever, night sweats, fatigue, anemia, effusions, and multifocal lymphadenopathy. The etiology of MCD has not been clarified to date. The coexistence of MCD with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) has been rarely reported. …”
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A Fatal Case of Nafcillin-Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Case Report and the Literature Review by Mian Bilal Alam, Amin Kadoura, Magesh Sathaiah

“…Drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH) is quite common, and there are several recommendations for its treatment based upon its etiology. DIH may range from mild and subclinical to fulminant liver failure and death. …”
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Idiopathic Spinal Epidural Lipomatosis: Unusual Presentation and Difficult Management by Ouidad Louachama, Noureddine Rada, Ghizlane Draiss, Mohamed Bouskraoui

“…The management was mainly symptomatic, based on motor physiotherapy with additional management in neurosurgery. Various etiologies can cause this disease, remain rare in pediatrics, and the idiopathic form is predominant in children.…”
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The Fetal Origins of the Metabolic Syndrome: Can We Intervene? by Noelle Ma, Daniel B. Hardy

“…Epidemiological studies have suggested that metabolic programming begins during fetal life and adverse events in utero are a critical factor in the etiology of chronic diseases and overall health. While the underlying molecular mechanisms linking impaired fetal development to these adult diseases are being elucidated, little is known about how we can intervene early in life to diminish the incidence and severity of these long-term diseases. …”
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Pyoderma gangrenosum. A case report by Elizabet Fernández López, Adialys Acosta Rodríguez, Daymí Martínez Rodríguez, Yanet Fragoso Cordero

“…<p>Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by sterile neutrophilic infiltration of the dermis, which may or may not be associated with systemic disease. …”
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Association of Immune Thrombocytopenia and T-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma in a Pediatric Patient by Ryan A. Denu, Daniel R. Matson, Matthew J. Davis, Natalie J. Tedford, Christine E. Brichta, Carol A. Diamond, Margo L. Hoover-Regan

“…Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia of unclear etiology. We present a unique case of an 8-year-old girl with chronic ITP who was subsequently diagnosed with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma at age 11. …”
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Interferon Induced Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis by Yusuf Kayar, Nuket Bayram Kayar, Nadir Alpay, Jamshid Hamdard, Iskender Ekinci, Sebnem Emegil, Rabia Bag Soydas, Birol Baysal

“…Behçet’s disease is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology which involves recurring oral and genital aphthous ulcers and ocular lesions as well as articular, vascular, and nervous system involvement. …”
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Purple Urine Bag Syndrome: An Alarming Hue? A Brief Review of the Literature by Fahad Khan, Muhammad A. Chaudhry, Noorulain Qureshi, Benjamin Cowley

“…We hereby present a concise review of this rare phenomenon with historic perspectives, epidemiology, emphasizing on current concepts of etiology, pathogenesis, relevant clinical associations, treatment modalities, prognosis, and future directions in PUBS. …”
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