Genetic polymorphism of xenobiotic biotransformation genes, TNF-α and IL-4 in obstructive jaundice by A. A. Natalsky, S. V. Tarasenko, A. A. Nikiforov, O. V. Zaytsev, O. D. Peskov

“…Overall 54 patients were divided into three comparison groups: those with obstructive jaundice of benign etiology, with cholestasis due to malignancy and uncomplicated gallstone disease. …”
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The problem of norovirus infection in animals (literature review) by V. А. Mischenko, A. V. Mischenko, T. B. Nikeshina, O. N. Petrova, Yu. V. Brovko, A. I. Kushlubaeva

“…The investigations of the etiology of numerous diarrhea cases revealed rota-, corona-, parvo-, enteroviruses and bovine viral diarrhea virus in fecal samples from calves. …”
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Identification of novel RIPK4 variants in a Chinese patient with Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) by Yi-Lei Lu, Meng-wei Liu, Jie-Yuan Jin, Ding Pan

“…This study aimed to identify the genetic etiologies of AMC patients and provide genetic testing information for further diagnosis and treatment of AMC. …”
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Brown Bowel Syndrome Is a Rare and Commonly Missed Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review by Joaquin Ponce-Zepeda, Wenchang Guo, Giorgioni Carmen, Daniel Moon Kim, Gregory C. Albers, Vishal Suresh Chandan, Xiaodong Li

“…Mitochondrial damage with lipofuscin deposition is at the root of BBS pathogenesis. Any etiology associated with mitochondrial damage can cause this disease, and vitamin E deficiency is just one of them. …”
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RISK FACTORS FOR IMPAIRED BONE DENSITY IN MALE PATIENTS UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSIS DUE TO CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE by Patritius Kelik Dwi Santo Ismoyo, Sugeng Yuwana

“…There was no association between the etiology of the CKD and the decrease in bone density. …”
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Development and Evaluation of an In-House ELISA to Detect Anti-FcεR1α IgG Autoantibodies in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Patients by Chattip Sripatumtong, Tunsuda Tansit, Papapit Tuchinda, Duangjit Kanistanon, Kanokvalai Kulthanan, Yuttana Srinoulprasert

“…Autologous serum skin testing could support the autoimmune etiology of CSU, whereas it is difficult to interpret and could not be performed on antihistamine omitted patients. …”
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Rare Head and Neck Benign Mesenchymoma in Close Proximity to Submandibular Gland in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature by Priyanka Jain, Shraddha Mukerji

“…Pediatric head and neck masses are commonly congenital in origin or of infectious etiology. We present a rare case of benign mesenchymoma in close proximity to the submandibular gland in an otherwise asymptomatic child. …”
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A Unique Case of Complete Atrioventricular Block Rapidly Progressing to Diastolic and Systolic Dysfunction in Cardiac Sarcoidosis by Chimezie U. Mbachi, Oyintayo Ajiboye, Olisa Ezegwu, Benjamin Mba

“…This case stresses the importance of having a high index of suspicion for cardiac sarcoidosis in patients presenting with atrioventricular block of unknown etiology.…”
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The Long and Short of It: The Role of Telomeres in Fetal Origins of Adult Disease by Stephanie E. Hallows, Timothy R. H. Regnault, Dean H. Betts

“…Following IUGR, there is an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and Type 2 Diabetes. The etiology of these diseases is beginning to be elucidated, and premature aging or cellular senescence through increased oxidative stress and DNA damage to telomeric ends may be initiators of these disease processes. …”
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Aspirin Resistance by Khaled Mansour, Ali T. Taher, Khaled M. Musallam, Samir Alam

“…This has led to a wide range of prevalence reports in different clinical entities. The etiologic mechanism has been related to clinical, genetic, and other miscellaneous factors. …”
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Malignant Range Elevation of Serum Chromogranin A due to Inadvertent Use of Proton Pump Inhibitor in a Subject with Pancreatic Incidentaloma by Usman Hammawa Malabu, Rozemary Karamatic, Gillian Mahy, Kunwarjit Singh Sangla

“…Following extensive noninvasive investigations, an ultrasound-guided pancreatic biopsy confirmed benign haemorrhagic cyst. A clue to the etiology of the hyperchromogranin A was the elevated serum gastrin level leading to suspicion of proton pump inhibitor administration confirmed by admittance to its use. …”
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Pyogenic Granuloma: An Unusual Cause of Massive Gastrointestinal Bleeding from the Small Bowel by Dana C Moffatt, Paul Warwryko, Harminder Singh

“…Small bowel hemorrhage is responsible for approximately 4% of all cases of gastrointestinal bleeding. The etiology of bleeding from the small bowel is a tumour in approximately 10% of cases. …”
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A Rare Case of Extensive Eggshell Intestinal Wall Peritoneal Calcification in a Long-Term Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis Patient by Erasmia Sampani, Chrysostomos Dimitriadis, Efstratios Kasimatis, Evangelos Memmos, Aikaterini Papagianni

“…Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but rather serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis. The etiology of EPS is multifactorial, with long-term peritoneal dialysis, multiple peritonitis episodes, and uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism considered to be major risk factors for this often life-threatening condition. …”
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Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis of Gougerot-Carteaud on Black Skin: Two Observations by Kouadio Celestin Ahogo, Patrice Ildevert Gbery, Vagamon Bamba, Yao Isidore Kouassi, Elidje Joseph Ecra, Kouame Alesandre Kouassi, Ange Sylvain Allou

“…It is a skin disease of unknown etiology and nosology that is always discussed. This disease preferentially involves the chest and interscapular regions. …”
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Stress-Induced Hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Approach by Samara Levine, Ozgul Muneyyirci-Delale

“…While prolactin is most well known for its role in lactation and suppression of reproduction, its physiological functions are quite diverse. There are many etiologies of hyperprolactinemia, including physiologic as well as pathologic causes. …”
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Endovascular repair and management of a ruptured inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm: A case report and literature review by Pavel Kibrik, DO, Jerry Zhu, BS, Ajit Rao, MD, Daniel Han, MD, Peter Faries, MD, James Cornwall, MD

“…Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm (IPDA) with the stenosis of the celiac axis is rare and may cause rupture. A unique etiology of IPDAs with celiac stenosis is median arcuate ligament syndrome. …”
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Delayed Presentation of Tetralogy of Fallot with Isolated Cyanosis by Zachary Zemore, Avni Sharma, Kerri Carter, Aline Baghdassarian

“…While the differential can be broad, specific attention must be paid to cardiopulmonary etiologies. Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart abnormality, and routine screening surprisingly misses a significant amount of these cases. …”
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Intestinal Amyloidosis in Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Rheumatoid Arthritis by T. Meira, R. Sousa, A. Cordeiro, R. Ilgenfritz, P. Borralho

“…Since amyloidosis with GI involvement is a rare cause of chronic diarrhea, this pathology should be considered in etiologic investigation, especially when associated with chronic inflammatory diseases.…”
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Idiopathic Acquired Leukonychia in a 34-Year-Old Patient by Maria Rita Bongiorno, Mario Aricò

“…Idiopathic acquired leukonychia is a rare chromatic disorder of the nail not associated with other abnormalities and discernible etiology. Our case report did not link the inheritance of leukonychia with diverse clinical syndromes. …”
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Nonspecific Symptoms in a Rare Case of Urethral Adenocarcinoma in a 58-Year-Old Female by Line Winther Gustafson, Anne Gamst Christiansen, Huda Majeed, Peter Humaidan

“…Cancer of the urethra is very rare with an age-adjusted incidence of only 0.6 per million women in Europe. The etiology is multifactorial and the incidence increases with age, with the highest rates in patients 75 years or older. …”
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