The Central Nervous System Effects and Mimicry of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): A Case Report with Literature Review by Sohail Farshad, Fernando Figueroa Rodriguez, Alexandra Halalau, Joseph Skender, Cory Rasmussen, Martin Pevzner

“…Endobronchial and subsequent mediastinum biopsies were all negative for sarcoidosis and malignancy. No infectious etiology was found. She was treated with glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement therapy for CVID-associated myelitis. …”
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Lung Cancer with Skin and Breast Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review by Bikash Bhattarai, Marie Frances Schmidt, Meenakshi Ghosh, Abhisekh Sinha Ray, Saveena Manhas, Vikram Oke, Chidozie Charles Agu, Md. Rawshan Basunia, Danilo Enriquez, Joseph Quist, Catherine Bianchi, Ravi Hans, Saroj Kandel

“…Chest X-ray and chest CT reveal a right upper lobe mass and biopsies from the breast, lung, and the periumbilical mass indicate a poorly differentiated carcinoma of unclear etiology; all tumor markers are negative. The patient is male and a chronic smoker; therefore the diagnosis is made as lung carcinoma with metastases to the breast and skin. …”
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Meta-analysis and systematic review for the genetic basis of cleft lip and palate by Wafaa Yahia Alghonemy, Mohamed Gaber Ashmawy

“…Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are a usually inherited anomaly described as a gap in the oral cavity's upper lip and/or roof. The etiology of CLP involves both genetic and environmental factors. …”
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Previously Undiagnosed Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy as a Cause of Airway Obstruction after Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy by Miyuki Niki, Taihei Tachikawa, Yuka Sano, Hiroki Miyawaki, Aisa Matoi, Yukari Okano, Nobutaka Kariya, Tsuneo Tatara, Munetaka Hirose

“…A 67-year-old male, who had suffered from left vocal cord paralysis of unknown etiology, was scheduled for robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). …”
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Lethal End of Spectrum of Clots-Thrombotic Storm by Muhammad Asim Rana, Ahmed F. Mady, Abdullah Ali Lashari, Rehab Eltreafi, Nicola Fischer-Orr, Kamal Naser

“…The distinction between extensive thrombotic events like Heparin Induced Thrombosis (HIT), Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), Antiphospholipids Syndrome (APS), and TS can sometimes be difficult, and the etiology of TS remains uncertain.…”
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Treatment of Urethral Strictures from Irradiation and Other Nonsurgical Forms of Pelvic Cancer Treatment by Iyad Khourdaji, Jacob Parke, Avinash Chennamsetty, Frank Burks

“…Radiation effects on the genitourinary system can manifest early or months to years after treatment with the onus being on the clinician to investigate and rule-out stricture disease as an underlying etiology for lower urinary tract symptoms. Obliterative endarteritis resulting in ischemia and fibrosis of the irradiated tissue complicates treatment strategies, which include urethral dilation, direct-vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU), urethral stents, and urethroplasty. …”
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Anatomical-based diagnosis and filler injection techniques: marionette line (static labiomandibular fold) by Gi-Woong Hong, Sky Wong, Song-Eun Yoon, Jovian Wan, Kyu-Ho Yi

“…This article aims to examine the anatomical basis, etiology, and filler injection techniques used for treating marionette lines.Materials and Methods The study reviews anatomical studies and clinical practices related to marionette lines. …”
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Outcomes of Vitrectomy in Pediatric Retinal Detachment with Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy by Robert Rejdak, Dominika Nowakowska, Katarzyna Wrona, Ryszard Maciejewski, Anselm G. Junemann, Katarzyna Nowomiejska

“…Mean age of patients was 10 years; eleven patients (79%) were males. The most common etiology was trauma (57%), the second—myopia (36%) and one case of uveitis (7%). …”
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MELD Score Is Not Related to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis by Luciana Haddad, Tatiana Morgado Conte, Liliana Ducatti, Lucas Nacif, Luiz Augusto Carneiro D’Albuquerque, Wellington Andraus

“…Through the data base, 148 cirrhotic patients were prospectively included in the study with refractory ascites undergoing relief paracentesis from March 2012 to March 2013. Demographics data, etiology of liver disease, MELD score, and inscription on the waiting list for liver transplantation were analyzed. …”
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Plasma α-Glutathione S-Transferase Evaluation in Patients with Acute and Chronic Liver Injury by Jolanta Czuczejko, Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska, Karolina Szewczyk-Golec

“…The patients were divided into three groups: group I (acute viral hepatitis B or C), group II (chronic hepatitis B or C), and group III (chronic liver disease or cirrhosis with different etiologies). The concentration of α-GST and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured in all examined groups. α-GST, ALT, and AST were statistically higher in all patient groups than in the control group. …”
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Hyperandrogenism-Insulin Resistance-Acanthosis Nigricans Syndrome by A. H. Dédjan, A. Chadli, S. El Aziz, A. Farouqi

“…It is revealed by hirsutism, acne or seborrhea, and disorders in menstruation cycle combined or not with virilisation signs. Several etiologies are incriminated but the hyperandrogenism-insulin resistance-acanthosis nigricans syndrome is rare. …”
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections among Jimma University Students, Southwest Ethiopia by Rahel Tamrat, Tesfaye Kasa, Zewdineh Sahilemariam, Mulatu Gashaw

“…Standard protocol was followed to detect the etiologies of STI. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. …”
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Injeksi Kortikosteroid Intratimpani Sebagai Salvage Therapy pada Pasien Tuli Mendadak by Ricko Mariza Putra, Jacky Munilson, Yan Edward, Nirza Warto, Rossy Rosalinda

“…Tuli mendadak atau sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) adalah tuli sensorineural lebih dari 30 dB pada 3 frekuensi berturut turut secara mendadak  dalam waktu 3 hari. Etiologi tuli mendadak hingga saat ini belum diketahui dengan pasti, namun penyebab tersering tuli mendadak, yaitu idiopatik (71%). …”
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Pengamatan Jangka Panjang Remaja dengan Gizi Buruk Tipe Marasmus Kwashiorkor dan Short Bowel Syndrome et causa Perforasi Yeyunum by Rinche Annur, Yusri Dianne Jurnalis, Eva Chundrayetti, Yorva Sayoeti

“…Pasien selalu mengeluh nyeri perut bila mendapat makanan padat, muntah, diare, penurunan nafsu makan dan berat badan dengan status gizi buruk. Penelusuran etiologi didapatkan perforasi yeyunum sehingga dilakukan yeyunostomi dan prosedur Santulli. …”
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Presentation of disseminated neuroblastoma mimicking Bell’s palsy: a case report by Shamaali Gunawardana, Geerthana Jogaprajahpan, Kavinda Dayasiri

“…Conclusion Facial nerve palsy is well recognized to have a myriad of underlying etiologies, including hematological malignancies, solid tumors, and paraneoplastic syndromes. …”
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Posterolateral fusion in spondylolisthesis of the lumbosacral segment. by Jorge A. Jerez Labrada, Yoan M. Quiñónez González, Ricardo Aguilar González, Francisco J. Lam González, Félix Rodríguez Fernández, Dania Zúñiga Estrada

“…<strong>Results:</strong> The main etiological causes in these patients were the isthmic one, followed by degenerative and dysplastic ones. …”
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Vaginal Cuff Dehiscence Presenting with Free Air 60 Days after Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomy by D. Munger, M. Iannamorelli, C. Galvez, C. Service

“…Nonsurgical causes are relatively rare and may be attributed to multiple etiologies. Case Presentation. Here we describe the case of a 38-year-old Caucasian female who presented to the emergency department with three days of cramping, epigastric abdominal pain. …”
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Patient and parent satisfaction after surgical repair of concealed penis in children by Amr Mehrez, Osama El Gamal, Mohamed Adel Omar, Mohamed Elmaadawy, Salah Nagla

“…It represents a unique challenge due to the multifactorial nature of its etiology that requires different surgical approaches tailored to each case. …”
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Extracranial Meningioma in the Scalp with Concurrent Steatocystoma by Jiankun Tong, Sergei A. Aksenov, Mitchell I. Chorost, William H. Rodgers

“…We briefly review relevant case reports and etiologies and consider a potential relationship between the two neoplasms. …”
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Surgical treatment in thoraco-lumbar region fractures. by Jorge Alberto Jerez Labrada, Dania Zúñiga Estrada, Yoan Manuel Quiñones González, Francisco José Lam González

“…Gustavo Aldereguía Lima” in Cienfuegos city, Cuba from January 1999 to June 2007. Age, sex, etiology of the fracture, type and level of the fractures, associated diseases, surgical techniques used for, pre and post operatory neurological damage, usage of metilprednisolone, complications and final results were the variables taken into consideration in this study. …”
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