Targeting Fibrosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Advanced Therapies by Xingpeng Di, Ya Li, Jingwen Wei, Tianyue Li, Banghua Liao

“…Unrestricted accumulation of stromal cells and matrix during fibrosis impairs the structure and function of organs, ultimately leading to organ failure. The major etiology of fibrosis is an injury caused by genetic heterogeneity, trauma, virus infection, alcohol, mechanical stimuli, and drug. …”
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Progress in Therapy Development for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Kalina Venkova-Hristova, Alexandar Christov, Zarine Kamaluddin, Peter Kobalka, Kenneth Hensley

“…Through decades of studying sporadic and familial ALS (SALS and FALS), researchers are coming to understand ALS as a complex syndrome with diverse genetic and environmental etiologies. It is know appreciated that motor neuron degeneration in ALS requires active (gain of function) and passive (loss of function) events to occur in non-neuronal cells, especially astrocytes and microglia. …”
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Lighter Ingestion as an Uncommon Cause of Severe Vomiting in a Schizophrenia Patient by Yahya Atayan, Yasir Furkan Cagin, Mehmet Ali Erdogan, Yılmaz Bilgic, Remzi Bestas, Murat Harputluoglu, Yüksel Seckin

“…Excessive vomiting of swallowed foreign bodies in the etiology of psychotic patients should be kept in mind. …”
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Exosomes in Ocular Health: Recent Insights into Pathology, Diagnostic Applications and Therapeutic Functions by Noelia Blanco-Agudín, Suhui Ye, Sara González-Fernández, Ignacio Alcalde, Jesús Merayo-Lloves, Luis M. Quirós

“…Consequently, in pathological situations, exosomes also undergo modifications in terms of quantity, composition and content, depending on the etiology of the disease. However, the mechanisms by which exosomes contribute to ocular pathology has not yet been studied in depth, and many questions remain unanswered. …”
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The investigation of marek disease, lenfoid leucosis and reticuloendotheliosis by elisa and histopathologic methods in chickens in konya province by Uçkun Sait Uçan, Mehmet Ateş, M. Metin Kıran, H. Hüseyin Hadimli, Mustafa Ortatatlı, E. Özlem Kuyucuoğlu

“…There are three virus-caused neoplastic diseases with known etiology in poultry, Marek disease (MO). Lenfoid Leucosis (LL) and reticuloentdotheliosis (RE), Of these, MD is characterized by malign T cell transformation while LL comprises a variety of transmissible benign and malign neoplasms of different organs. …”
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PCR-Based Identification of Oral Streptococcal Species by Jeffrey A. Banas, Min Zhu, Deborah V. Dawson, Huojun Cao, Steven M. Levy

“…The microbial etiology of dental caries is still debated. Among the hypothesized contributors are the “low pH streptococci,” a designation given to unusually acid proficient strains among the primary plaque colonizers S. oralis, S. mitis, S. gordonii, and S. anginosus. …”
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Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in a Branchial Cleft Cyst without a Thyroid Primary: Navigating a Diagnostic Dilemma by Douglas S. Ruhl, Mark F. Sheridan, Joseph C. Sniezek

“…A thorough discussion of the etiologies of these lateral neck masses is reviewed including the embryogenesis of thyroid tissue in a branchial cleft cyst. …”
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Efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination in patients awaiting liver transplantation in prophylaxis of <i>de novo</i> HBV-infection of a graft by V. Ye. Syutkin, O. I. Andreytseva, A. A. Saliyenko, A. V. Chzhao

“…Vaccination against hepatitis B of patients with liver cirrhosis, etiologically not related to HBV-infection, standard doses of vaccine under the accelerated mode in most of the cases does not provide effective and sustained immunodefence and does not prevent development of graft HBV-infection de novo.…”
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A visual cortical-lateral posterior thalamic nucleus circuit regulates depressive-like behaviors in male mice by Fangfang Wu, Chenxi Gu, Rui Xu, Junwei Ma, Lei Gao, Youjiao Zhang, Siyuan Bu, Qingbo Lu, Te Zhao, Yijun Han, Chen Guo, Yihui Cui, Jianhua Ding, Gang Hu, Zhijun Zhang

“…Abstract Depression, a prevalent psychiatric disorder of ambiguous etiology and high heterogeneity, has been recently linked to the primary visual cortex (V1). …”
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Functional Role of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis as a Therapeutic Strategy for Mental Disorders by Heechul Jun, Syed Mohammed Qasim Hussaini, Michael J. Rigby, Mi-Hyeon Jang

“…During the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its role in the etiology of mental disorders. In addition, adult hippocampal neurogenesis is highly correlated with the remission of the antidepressant effect. …”
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Association Between Sociodemographic Variables, Healthy Habits, and Stress with Risk Scales for Liver Disease Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction by Ángel Arturo López-González, Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá, Hernán Paublini Oliveira, Cristina Martorell Sánchez, Pedro Juan Tárraga López, José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent

“…Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, with a multifactorial etiology. This study aims to evaluate the associations between various sociodemographic variables, healthy habits, and stress with risk scale values for MAFLD. …”
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Development of a Pressure-Sensitive Conductive Rubber Sensor for Analyzing Meniscal Injury in Porcine Models by Shunsuke Sezaki, Shuhei Otsuki, Kuniaki Ikeda, Nobuhiro Okuno, Yoshinori Okamoto, Hitoshi Wakama, Tomohiro Okayoshi, Masashi Neo

“…The assessment of the distribution of contact pressure on the meniscus is important in the elucidation of kinematics, etiology of joint diseases, and establishment of treatment methods. …”
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Pathophysiology and Treatment of Psoriasis: From Clinical Practice to Basic Research by Yujie Gao, Tianqi Xu, Yu Wang, Yanjinhui Hu, Shaoping Yin, Zhiguo Qin, Hua Yu

“…Here, we will focus on the latest insights into the etiology, diagnostic methodologies, and therapeutic approaches for psoriasis, with a particular emphasis on the evolution and challenges of novel transdermal drug delivery systems.…”
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Intravenous Lidocaine: Old-School Drug, New Purpose—Reduction of Intractable Pain in Patients with Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy by Sandra A. S. van den Heuvel, Selina E. I. van der Wal, Lotte A. Smedes, Sandra A. Radema, Nens van Alfen, Kris C. P. Vissers, Monique A. H. Steegers

“…Intravenous (iv) lidocaine has shown to be a treatment option for neuropathic pain of different etiologies. Methods. Lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg in 10 minutes followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h over 5 hours) was administered in nine patients with CIPN, and analgesic effect was evaluated during infusion and after discharge. …”
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Postoperative extraperitoneal bladder injury after metal pelvic osteosynthesis for pelvic injury by Khalid Abdullahi, Obadele Olusegun George, Ajiboye Lukman Olalekan, Abubakar Isiyaku, Muhammad Abubakar Sadiq, Aljannare Bashir Garba, Okezie Chukwuebuka Kingsley, Agwu Ngwobia Peter

“…Postoperative implant-associated bladder injury is a rare and unfamiliar etiology in our setting. This article discusses the case of a 60-year-old farmer who sustained polytrauma in a road traffic crash, including pelvic fracture and urethral distraction injury, among others. …”
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Analysis of Polymorphisms in the Lactotransferrin Gene Promoter and Dental Caries by João Armando Brancher, Giovana Daniela Pecharki, Andrea Duarte Doetzer, Kamilla Gabriella dos Santos Medeiros, Carlos Alberto Cordeiro Júnior, Vanessa Santos Sotomaior, Peter Bauer, Paula Cristina Trevilatto

“…Regarding host aspects, there has been strong evidence for a genetic component in the etiology of caries. The salivary protein lactotransferrin (LTF) exhibits antibacterial activity, but there is no study investigating the association of polymorphisms in the promoter region of LTF gene with caries. …”
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Ulcerating Ileocolitis in Severe Amatoxin Poisoning by Matthias Peter Hilty, Marcel Halama, Anne-Katrin Zimmermann, Marco Maggiorini, Andreas Geier

“…The absence of discernible alternative etiologies such as infectious agents makes a causal relationship between the ulcerating ileocolitis and the amatoxin poisoning likely. …”
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Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Thyroid with Multiple Cervical Lymph Node Involvement Accompanying Metastatic Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma by A. Bahar Ceyran, Serkan Şenol, Barış Bayraktar, Şeyma Özkanlı, Z. Leyla Cinel, Abdullah Aydın

“…Thyroid involvement is infrequently seen. Although the etiology is unknown, genetic components may be linked to the disease. …”
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Resolution of Crizotinib-Associated Fulminant Hepatitis following Cessation of Treatment by Gregory W. Charville, Sukhmani K. Padda, Richard K. Sibley, Ajithkumar Puthillath, Paul Y. Kwo

“…There was no evidence of an infectious or autoimmune etiology. It was discovered that the patient was taking a 500 mg once daily dose of crizotinib, in lieu of the intended dose of 250 mg twice daily. …”
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Antibiotic-associated changes in Akkermansia muciniphila alter its effects on host metabolic health by Yumin Han, Teh Min Teng, Juwon Han, Heenam Stanley Kim

“…Abstract Background Altered gut microbiota has emerged as a major contributing factor to the etiology of chronic conditions in humans. Antibiotic exposure, historically dating back to the mass production of penicillin in the early 1940s, has been proposed as a primary contributor to the cumulative alteration of microbiota over generations. …”
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