Linking Epigenetics to Human Disease and Rett Syndrome: The Emerging Novel and Challenging Concepts in MeCP2 Research by Robby Mathew Zachariah, Mojgan Rastegar

“…Epigenetics play key roles in development and cell fate commitments and highly impact the etiology of many human diseases. A well-known link between epigenetics and human disease is the X-linked MECP2 gene, mutations in which lead to the neurological disorder, Rett Syndrome. …”
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Epstein-Barr Virus and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Anette Holck Draborg, Karen Duus, Gunnar Houen

“…The etiology of SLE is not fully established. SLE is a disease with periods of waning disease activity and intermittent flares. …”
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Capillary Haemangioma of Nasal Septum by Bestari J Budiman, Ricki Octiza

“…It may rarely present as a mass of considerable size and thus entirely fill the nasal cavity. Its etiology remains obscure. Capillary haemangioma usually involves the gingiva, lips, tongue, and buccal mucosa. …”
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Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in Thymic Carcinoma: Evolving Mechanisms of Hypercalcemia and Targeted Therapies by Cheng Cheng, Jose Kuzhively, Sanford Baim

“…Osteolytic metastasis-related hypercalcemia was presumed to be the etiology of hypercalcemia that responded to intravenous hydration and bisphosphonate therapy. …”
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Acute appendicitis characterization in pediatrics patients. Cienfuegos, 2013-2018 by Luis Enrique Jiménez Franco, Carlos Alberto Cabrera Machado

“…<p><strong>Foundation</strong>: the acute appendicitis’ behavior study offers a general view of its etiology and severe forms; guarantees the action protocols adequacy in order to improve specialized medical care.…”
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Mucosal lesions associated with the use of dental prostheses in elderly patients by Yoel González Beriau, Libet Marrero Santana

“…<p><strong>Background</strong>: The quality of the dental prosthesis and its role in the appearance of oral lesions, especially in the elderly, is of special interest for the etiology understanding of these diseases and the preventive strategies recommendation.…”
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Abdominal plexiform neurofibroma. Case report by José Rolando Rodríguez Núñez, Fernando Karel Fonseca Sosa, Juan Guillermo Bauzá López, Pedro Rafael Casado Mendez

“…In the postoperative period, the magnetic resonance imaging concluded as a tumor recurrence of possible neurogenic etiology with malignant behavior. It was evaluated in a multidisciplinary consultation and pharmacological treatment was decided. …”
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Multidisciplinary Assessment and Diagnosis of Conversion Disorder in a Patient with Foreign Accent Syndrome by Harrison N. Jones, Tyler J. Story, Timothy A. Collins, Daniel DeJoy, Christopher L. Edwards

“…Also correctly known as psuedoforeign accent, the speech does not typically match a specific foreign accent, but is rather a constellation of speech features that result in the perception of a foreign accent by listeners. The primary etiologies of FAS are cerebrovascular accidents or traumatic brain injuries which affect cortical and subcortical regions critical to expressive speech and language production. …”
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Keratoconus with two consecutive re-emergences: a case report by Peicheng Zhang, Yanchao Wu, Lixiao Ma, Dong Wang

“…Conclusions Keratoconus is a complex disorder with a multifaceted etiology and pathogenesis, including genetic, environmental, biomechanical, and cellular factors. …”
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Biomarkers of Chronic Inflammatory State in Uremia and Cardiovascular Disease by Vincenzo Panichi, Alessia Scatena, Massimiliano Migliori, Valentina Marchetti, Sabrina Paoletti, Sara Beati

“…Inflammation has been implicated in the etiology of coronary artery disease in the general population, and traditional inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been shown to predict cardiovascular events in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals as well as those in the uremic population. …”
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Emerging targets of α-synuclein spreading in α-synucleinopathies: a review of mechanistic pathways and interventions by Grace Kuo, Ramhari Kumbhar, William Blair, Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson, Xiaobo Mao

“…Recognizing the intricate complexity and multifactorial etiology of α-synucleinopathy, the review illuminates the potential of various membrane receptors, proteins, intercellular spreading pathways, and pathological agents for therapeutic interventions. …”
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The Role of Natriuretic Peptides for the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Dysfunction by Alberto Palazzuoli, Matteo Beltrami, Gaetano Ruocco, Marco Pellegrini, Ranuccio Nuti

“…A multimodality strategy including both NPs and imaging studies appears to be the best strategy to define the cardiac dysfunction etiology and its severity as well as to identify patients with higher risk. …”
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Concurrent Hepatic Artery and Portal Vein Thrombosis after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Preserved Allografts by Arshad Khan, P. Park, Jose Oberholzer, Ivo Tzvetanov, Raquel Garcia Roca, Ron C. Gaba, Enrico Benedetti, Hoonbae Jeon

“…Due to paucity of such cases, however, underlying mechanisms and etiology remain elusive, and despite radiological diagnosis of these complications, there is no way to predict these events in the wake of stable graft function.…”
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Two Cases of Diffuse Duodenitis Associated with Ulcerative Colitis by Katsuya Endo, Masatake Kuroha, Hisashi Shiga, Yoichi Kakuta, Seiichi Takahashi, Yoshitaka Kinouchi, Tooru Shimosegawa

“…The occurrence of gastrointestinal involvement in UC has been attracting attention because such lesions could potentially open a new window for studying the etiology and pathogenesis of UC. Further studies involving a large number of patients are needed to clarify whether the upper gastrointestinal tract is a target organ in UC.…”
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An Overview of In Vitro Models of Alcohol‐Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Anoïsia Courtois, Sophie Gérard, Damien Esparteiro, Eric Nguyen‐Khac, Ingrid Marcq, Grégory Fouquet

“…Indeed, alcohol consumption is one of the main worldwide etiologies of HCC. However, the impact of alcohol consumption on HCC pathophysiology and the associated mechanisms remains unclear. …”
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Hybrid Technique of Lamellar Keratoplasty (DMEK-S) by Pavel Studeny, Deli Sivekova, Katerina Liehneova, Magdalena Vokrojova, Pavel Kuchynka

“…It is an effective method of treating the endothelial dysfunction of various etiologies, but the high complication rate needs to be addressed before widespread implementation of the technique in the future.…”
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Uterine Sarcoidosis: A Rare Extrapulmonary Site of Sarcoidosis by Creticus P. Marak, Narendrakumar Alappan, Amit Chopra, Olena Dorokhova, Sumita Sinha, Achuta K. Guddati

“…However, many infectious and noninfectious etiologies including certain neoplasms can produce similar granulomatous reactions in the female genital tract. …”
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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Human Amnion by Jinsil Kim, Mitchell M. Pitlick, Paul J. Christine, Amanda R. Schaefer, Cesar Saleme, Belén Comas, Viviana Cosentino, Enrique Gadow, Jeffrey C. Murray

“…This work provides preliminary evidence that DNA methylation changes in the amnion may be at least partially involved in the physiological process of labor and the etiology of preterm birth and suggests that DNA methylation profiles, in combination with other biological data, may provide valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying normal and pathological pregnancies.…”
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Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy and Oculomotor Nerve Schwannoma: A Pediatric Case Report with Long-Term MRI Follow-Up and Literature Review by Maria Giuseppina Petruzzelli, Mariella Margari, Flora Furente, Maria Carmela Costanza, Anna Rosi Legrottaglie, Franca Dicuonzo, Lucia Margari

“…Actually, oculomotor nerve tumors may be masquerade as RPON so that MRI follow-ups are required to detect the possibility of tumor etiology. Case presentation. We report a 16-year-old boy with a 7-year follow-up and multiple brain MRI data, previously diagnosed as OM. …”
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Adrenal Insufficiency: A Forgotten Diagnosis in HIV/AIDS Patients in Developing Countries by David D. Nassoro, Mkhoi L. Mkhoi, Issa Sabi, Alfred J. Meremo, Paul S. Lawala, Issakwisa Habakkuk Mwakyula

“…Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is one of the most common endocrine disease in patients with HIV/AIDS, leading to high morbidity and mortality in HIV patients who become critically ill. Various etiologies are associated with the condition, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, lymphoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and drugs such as rifampin, among others. …”
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