Neutrophil Function in an Inflammatory Milieu of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Weiqian Chen, Qin Wang, Yini Ke, Jin Lin

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against citrullinated protein antigens and proinflammatory cytokines which cause chronic synovitis, bone erosion, and eventual deformity; however, the precise etiology of RA is unclear. In the early stage of RA, neutrophils migrate into the articular cavity, become activated, and exert their function in an inflammatory process, suggesting an essential role of neutrophils in the initial events contributing to the pathogenesis of RA. …”
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Auditory Hallucinations as a Rare Presentation of Occipital Infarcts by Firas Ido, Reina Badran, Brandon Dmytruk, Zain Kulairi

“…Given the acute onset, brain images were obtained to rule out an organic etiology. A brain MRI revealed an acute right occipital lobe infarct with hemorrhagic transformation. …”
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Renal Tubular Acidosis an Adverse Effect of PD-1 Inhibitor Immunotherapy by Sandy El Bitar, Chanudi Weerasinghe, Elie El-Charabaty, Marcel Odaimi

“…Following a negative workup for an underlying etiology, immunotherapy-induced RTA was suspected. …”
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Evaluation of Role of Prognostic Factors on Hearing Outcome in Unilateral Idiopathic Sudden Onset Sensorineural Hearing Loss by Namrata Yadav, Priti Lal, Rohit Bharadwaj, Kuldeep Yadav

“… Introduction: Owing to its uncertain and multiple possible etiologies, use of multiple empirical treatment regimens and possibility of spontaneous recovery, it becomes important to look for the possible prognostic factors affecting the outcome of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). …”
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Advancements in research on transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for alleviating pelvic pain in women by Rong Zhang, Yi Ling Wang, Xin Lei Lu, Shang Wang, Xiao Hong Chang, Hong Lan Zhu

“…Background Pelvic pain is a common complaint of discomfort in women, with an increasing incidence and seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. Its etiology involves multiple systems and disciplines, and therefore treatment modalities are diverse. …”
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Indications and Relative Utility of Lower Endoscopy in the Management of Clostridium difficile Infection by Nora E. Burkart, Mary R. Kwaan, Christopher Shepela, Robert D. Madoff, Yan Wang, David A. Rothenberger, Genevieve B. Melton

“…Most common indications were ruling out other etiologies (42%), inconclusive stool studies (36%), and worsening course (11%). …”
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Adverse Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Platelet Count: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Subhajit Mukherjee, Tanima Jana, Jen-Jung Pan

“…Based on this case report and the observation from other studies, a PPI-induced adverse event should be considered as a possible etiology for new-onset idiopathic thrombocytopenia.…”
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Antileishmanial Activity of Warifteine: A Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloid Isolated from Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. (Menispermaceae) by Eliete Cavalcanti da Silva, Cynthia Dias Rayol, Paloma Lys Medeiros, Regina Célia Bressan Queiroz Figueiredo, Márcia Regina Piuvezan, José Maria Brabosa-Filho, Alexsandro Fernandes Marinho, Teresinha Gonçalves Silva, Gardenia Carmen Gadelha Militão, Ana Paula Pimentel Cassilhas, Paulo Paes de Andrade

“…Leishmania (L.) chagasi is the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis, an important endemic zoonosis in the American continent, as well as in many other countries in Asia, Africa, and Mediterranean Europe. …”
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Outcomes of dietary interventions in the prevention and progression of Parkinson's disease: A literature review by Ubaid Ansari, Alexi Omid, Dawnica Nadora, Jimmy Wen, Arman Omid, Forshing Lui

“…Despite extensive research, the exact etiology of PD remains unclear, with both genetic and environmental factors playing significant roles. …”
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Pathophysiological mechanisms, multidimensional diagnostics and modern therapies of pruritus in pancreatic cancer: review and perspectives by Jagienka Agata Włodyka, Urszula Zelik, Maria Przygoda, Wiktoria Domino, Gabriela Trestka, Sabina Adamczyk, Kamila Stępień, Joanna Śnieżna, Wojciech Florczak, Karol Dzwonnik, Jakub Dziewic

“…In pancreatic cancer, its etiology is multifactorial. It can result from various mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on cholestasis, which represents the most important and frequent cause of this symptom, as well as paraneoplastic processes, neuropathic mechanisms, or side effects of therapy. …”
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Novel Mutation in the PKHD1 Gene Diagnosed Prenatally in a Fetus with Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease by Pankaj Thakur, Paul Speer, Aleksandar Rajkovic

“…Our case highlights PKHD1 allelic heterogeneity and the importance of genetic testing in the prenatal setting where many other genetic etiologies can phenocopy ARPKD.…”
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Diphenhydramine as a Cause of Drug-Induced Liver Injury by Yunseok Namn, Yecheskel Schneider, Isabelle H. Cui, Arun Jesudian

“…A thorough workup of liver injury ruled out viral hepatitis (including A, B, C, and E), autoimmune, toxic, ischemic, and metabolic etiologies including Wilson’s disease. A liver biopsy was consistent with DILI without evidence of iron or copper deposition. …”
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Orbital ameloblastoma: research and challenges of a rare benign tumor by Rui Zhang, Xiaoming Huang, Fengyuan Sun, Tong Wu

“…With more and more cases and related research being reported, it is necessary to comprehensively review the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of orbital ameloblastoma, in order to enhance ophthalmologists' understanding and diagnostic and treatment skills of this disease, and ultimately improve patients' prognosis and quality of life.…”
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Internal Tremor in Long COVID May Be a Symptom of Dysautonomia and Small Fiber Neuropathy by Svetlana Blitshteyn, Ilene S. Ruhoy, Lauren R. Natbony, David S. Saperstein

“…Similarly, physicians are typically perplexed by the nature and etiology of IT and find it extremely challenging to manage. …”
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Treatment of Class III Malocclusion: Atypical Extraction Protocol by Fernando Pedrin Carvalho Ferreira, Maiara da Silva Goulart, Renata Rodrigues de Almeida-Pedrin, Ana Claudia de Castro Ferreira Conti, Maurício de Almeida Cardoso

“…This type of early intervention has been indicated more frequently in order to eliminate primary etiological factors and prevent an already present malocclusion from becoming severe. …”
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Three MYO15A Mutations Identified in One Chinese Family with Autosomal Recessive Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss by Fengguo Zhang, Lei Xu, Yun Xiao, Jianfeng Li, Xiaohui Bai, Haibo Wang

“…Hearing impairment is one of the most common sensory disease, of which more than 50% is attributed to a genetic etiology. The goal of this research is to explore the genetic cause of a Chinese deafness pedigree who was excluded of GJB2, SLC26A4, or MtDNA12SrRNA variants. …”
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Phaeoisaria sp. fungal keratitis resembling corneal rust residue: a case report by YingHan Zhao, MengYao Zhang, Jing Hong, YingYu Li, Pei Zhang, RongMei Peng

“…Some cases exhibit atypical signs, requiring reliance on etiological examination. Notably, fungi previously deemed nonpathogenic to humans can cause keratitis with rare clinical manifestations. …”
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Punicalagin attenuated allergic airway inflammation via regulating IL4/IL-4Rα/STAT6 and Notch- GATA3 pathways by Yu Li, Li Jianying

“…Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways which has a complex etiology. Punicalagin, a major polyphenol present in pomegranates, is reported to possess various biological properties including antioxidant and antiproliferative effects. …”
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“I’m Seeing Dead People”: A Case Report on Salicylate Poisoning in a Patient with Hallucinations by Jessica Meyers, Sean McCormick, Phillip D. Levy, Michael J. Twiner

“…Conclusion: This case serves as a reminder for physicians to have a high index of suspicion for chronic toxicities including salicylates in patients who present as acute psychosis or altered mental status of unknown etiology.…”
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Toxoplasma Uveitis by Mildre Mercedes Vidal del Río, Gabriela Alexandra Villacis Paredes, Karen Daniela Salazar Pullutacsi, Génesis Camila Romero Paredes

“…Toxoplasma uveitis is very common, and for this reason it is extremely important to publicize the etiology of this disease and how to prevent it, since having knowledge of the risk factors is essential to avoid this pathology.…”
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