Bilateral Chylhotorax after Falling from Height by Vildan Akpinar, Fulya Yilmaz Duran, Elif Duman, Murat Yasar Özkalkanli, Özgür Duran, Burcu Horsanali

“…The treatment depends on its etiology, the amount of drainage, and the clinical picture. …”
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Preeclampsia in 2018: Revisiting Concepts, Physiopathology, and Prediction by J. Mayrink, M. L. Costa, J. G. Cecatti

“…The complexity of its etiology is a challenge and requires further studies for its full understanding. …”
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High Prevalence of Candida Yeast in Milk Samples from Cows Suffering from Mastitis in Poland by Bozena Dworecka-Kaszak, Alicja Krutkiewicz, Daniel Szopa, Miroslaw Kleczkowski, Malgorzata Biegańska

“…Mastitis is an economically important disease in which fungi belonging to the genus Candida may participate as etiological agents. This study focused on determining the frequency of fungal isolation and differentiation of fungal species isolated from milk of mastitic cows. …”
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An Overview of Diabetes Management in Schizophrenia Patients: Office Based Strategies for Primary Care Practitioners and Endocrinologists by Aniyizhai Annamalai, Cenk Tek

“…This paper reviews the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of diabetes in schizophrenia and outlines office based interventions for physicians treating this vulnerable population.…”
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An 11-Year-Old Male with Refractory Osteomyelitis by Clifford T. Mauriello, Ole A. Raustol, Maria A. Aguiar, Kenji M. Cunnion

“…This case illustrates that clinicians must remain vigilant for warning signs that empiric treatment may be failing for presumptive Staphylococcus aureus, provoking reconsideration of the differential diagnosis and an intensification of efforts to evaluate for alternative etiologies.…”
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An Undiagnosed Case of Hypothalamic Hamartoma with a Rare Presentation by Shervin Badihian, Saeideh Bahrani, Nasim Tabrizi, Houshang Moein, Mohammad Zare, Majid Barekatain, Reza Basiratnia, Elham Rahimian, Amirali Mehvari Habibabadi, Payam Moein, Jafar Mehvari Habibabadi

“…In this case, the underlying etiology of seizures was diagnosed after 25 years. …”
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Oral submucous fibrosis: pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches by Jianfei Tang, Junjie Liu, Zekun Zhou, Xinyan Cui, Hua Tu, Jia Jia, Baike Chen, Xiaohan Dai, Ousheng Liu

“…In this review, we briefly introduce the epidemiology and etiology of OSF. Then, we highlight how cell-intrinsic changes in significant structural cells can drive fibrotic response by regulating biological behaviors, secretion function, and activation of ECM-producing myofibroblasts. …”
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Diving into Diagnostic Complexity: A Case Study of Spontaneous Hemothorax by Maryam Sarkhosh, Atiyeh Sadat Sajadi, Omid Moradi Moghaddam, Parisa Moradi Majd

“…Spontaneous cases, although rare, pose diagnostic challenges due to diverse etiologies such as coagulation disorders, vascular anomalies, and neoplastic diseases. …”
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Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 by Sandra Saray Quignón Santana, Osbel Alfonso Sánchez, Sandra Alfonso Quignón, Talía Alfonso Quignón

“…The Sars-Cov-2 virus, the etiological agent of Covid-19, causes systemic and ocular manifestations in humans. …”
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Arteriojejunal Fistula Presenting with Recurrent Obscure GI Hemorrhage in a Patient with a Failed Pancreas Allograft by Nirmit Desai, Sagar Patel, Chinyere Nwosu, Lok Sung, Carl Tack, Jonathan M. Buscaglia, Edward P. Nord, Nand K. Wadhwa

“…Over the course of a week, she presented with recurrent GI bleeds of obscure etiology. Multiple esophago-gastro-duodenoscopic (EGD) and colonoscopic evaluations failed to reveal the source of the hemorrhage. …”
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Pelvic Tuberculosis Diagnosed during Operative Laparoscopy for Suspected Ovarian Cancer by Daniel Martingano, Kayla Cagle-Colon, Jeanine Chiaffarano, Alan Marcus, Diana Contreras

“…While the combination of a pelvic mass, very high serum level of CA-125, chest adenopathy, and ascites is concerning for advanced-stage ovarian cancer, the etiology of such a presentation can be due to disseminated pelvic tuberculosis. …”
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Skeletal Muscle Lymphoma Presenting with Chronic Compartment Syndrome of Leg after Trauma by Jhong-You Li, Chung-Liang Li, Chun-Kuan Lu

“…Compartment syndrome may be acute or chronic based on the clinical course and etiology. Here, we report the first known case to be diagnosed with skeletal muscle-derived B-cell lymphoma presenting with chronic compartment syndrome after trauma. …”
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Synergistic Effect of Adjustments of Elastic Stockings to Maintain Reduction in Leg Volume after Mechanical Lymph Drainage by José Maria Pereira de Godoy, Renata Lopes Pinto, Ana Carolina Pereira de Godoy, Maria de Fátima Guerreiro Godoy

“…Eleven patients with Grade II leg lymphedema, regardless of etiology, were evaluated in a randomized clinical trial. …”
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Neglected Case of Human Balantidiasis: Presumed as Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea by Sreska Shrestha, Priyatam Khadka

“…Therefore, meticulous review of nonspecific clinical presentation and validation of an etiology with support of diagnostic tests are mandatory.…”
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Susceptibility Genes in Thyroid Autoimmunity by Yoshiyuki Ban, Yaron Tomer

“…Various techniques have been employed to identify the genes contributing to the etiology of AITD, including candidate gene analysis and whole genome screening. …”
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Standardized Surgical Management for Cystic Dilation of the Bile Ducts Based on Clinical and Pathological Studies: A Narrative Review by Hong-Tian Xia

“…The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the latest concepts of the etiology and pathogenic mechanism and the pathological changes of adult CDBDs. …”
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The Enigma of the Temple Site and the Word-play ‘Moriah’ by Martin Prudký

“…As part of the foundation narratives shared by the two ‘ecumenical’ communities of post-exilic Judaism, the name helps to etiologically legitimize the place of worship (‘ha-maqom’, the temple) for both the Jerusalemite and Samaritan cultic communities without using real names and locations. …”
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Acute Pancreatitis: An Unusual Side Effect of Adalimumab in Crohn’s Disease Patient by Walid El Ouardi, Mustapha Benazzouz

“…This diagnosis was confirmed after the elimination of other possible etiologies, and notably by the recurrence of pancreatitis after Adalimumab rechallenge. …”
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Artery of Percheron in the Differential Diagnosis of Acute Altered Mental Status by Maria Isabel Pérez Pañart, Beatriz Sierra Bergua

“…Bilateral thalamic infarction is a rare entity (it occurs in 0.6% of ischemic strokes) and can be confused with other vascular etiologies such as basilar syndrome and deep cerebral venous thrombosis, as well as neoplasms, infections, or toxins. …”
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Genetic Risk of Talon Cusp: Talon Cusp in Five Siblings by Nuha Abdel-Rahman Elmubarak

“…This case series is the first report in literature on which talon cusp has been presented in multiple siblings which highlights the genetic/familial component of the etiology. The report has also displayed unfamiliar morphological appearance (heart shape) of the talon cusp. …”
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