Coronary Artery Ectasia Presenting as a Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Young Adult: Case Presentation and Literature Review by Kareem Genena, Mir Ali, Donald Christmas, Henry Siu

“…While acute coronary syndromes most commonly occur secondary to unstable atherosclerotic plaque, coronary aneurysms, also known as coronary artery ectasia (CAE), represent a less common etiology. Whereas coronary atherosclerosis accounts for about 50% of CAE, the remaining 50% are either congenital or secondary to a host of inflammatory and connective tissue disorders, with Kawasaki disease being a well-known association. …”
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Generalized tuberculosis with long-term course in the guise of liver cirrhosis by Z. A. Lemeshko, M. V. Mayevskaya, I. N. Tikhonov, N. P. Musina, M. S. Zharkova, Ye. V. Fominykh, V. T. Ivashkin

“…The 25 year-old patient, who was managed for 10 years for liver cirrhosis of nonspecified etiology, was investigated. The careful analysis of clinical presentation of disease, data of physical examination, results of radiological and other methods of diagnostics was carried out.Results. …”
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Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis: A Review of 3 Cases by Emilio Mevio, Michele Sbrocca, Mauro Mullace, Silvia Viglione, Niccolò Mevio

“…Multiple symmetrical lipomatosis, or Madelung's disease, is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by the presence of loose adipose tissue deposits localized in the cervical region and in the upper body. …”
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Extreme Rhabdomyolysis, Acute Renal Failure, and Protracted Ileus in a Case of Legionella Pneumonia by C. Laivier, M.-O. Bleuze, P. Hantson, J. Devos

“…No cause of mechanical obstruction was found at surgery and common etiologies of intestinal obstruction were excluded. …”
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Solitary Mastocytoma in Pediatrics. Case Report and Literature Review by Juan Carlos Yanes Macías, Mery Rosa Betancourt Trujillo, Lino Arístides Sánchez Galván

“…The mastocytoma is a genodermatosis of unknown etiology, so it is included in the group of rare or uncommon diseases; it usually appears in childhood or at birth. …”
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Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Abuse in a Young Bodybuilder: A Case Report by Aline Hardt, Dirk Stippel, Margarete Odenthal, Arnulf H. Hölscher, Hans-Peter Dienes, Uta Drebber

“…Introduction. Many different etiological factors are involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). …”
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Case report: Persistent syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis after traumatic brain injury: spontaneous resolution and impact on RAAS and bone metabolism over five years by Yaoxia Liu, Jiao Tang, Jiao Tang, Jiao Tang, Mingwei Zhou, Haotian Huang, Tao Wang, Tao Wang, Min Zhang

“…The syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis (SIAD) is a well-known cause of hyponatremia and can be associated with various etiologies, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). …”
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Safety of brigatinib following alectinib-induced-pneumonitis: Case report by Blerina Resuli, Heidi Galarza, Laura Elsner, Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero, Jürgen Behr, Amanda Tufman

“…With no alternative etiology of pneumonitis identified, the patient was treated with corticosteroids and discontinuation of alectinib. …”
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Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting as a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule on a Lung Cancer Screening CT by Hassan Baig, Sushilkumar Sonavane, Ian Makey, Jorge Mallea, Andras Khoor

“…Furthermore, it helps demonstrate how rare etiologies (like PLCH) may be more frequently encountered and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for solitary lung nodules, especially in the era of lung cancer screening.…”
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A rare case of May-Thurner syndrome due to external compression of the right and left common iliac veins by Logan Schwarzman, MD, Jack Aguilar, MD, Nichelle Megowan, MD

“…Here we describe a case of May-Thurner syndrome owing to external compression of the right and left common iliac veins presenting as chronic worsening asymmetric right greater than left lower extremity edema. Initial etiology workup was unremarkable, and further diagnostics revealed compression of the right common iliac vein at the bifurcation of the right common iliac artery between the right external and internal iliac arteries with concomitant compression of the left common iliac vein. …”
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Review of NVP and HG and Early Pharmacotherapeutic Intervention by Shannon M. Clark, Maged M. Costantine, Gary D. V. Hankins

“…It is appropriate to take the pregnancy-related versus nonpregnancy-related approach when determining the cause of nausea and vomiting but other causes should be considered. The most common etiologies for NVP include the hormonal changes associated with pregnancy, the physiologic changes in the gastrointestinal tract, and a genetic predisposition. …”
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Congenital Hemifacial Hyperplasia: Clinical Presentation and Literature Review by Karpagavalli Shanmugasundaram, V. K. Vaishnavi Vedam, Sivadas Ganapathy, Sivan Sathish, Parvathi Satti

“…Multiple tissue involvement has resulted due to etiological heterogeneity like heredity, chromosomal abnormalities, altered intrauterine environment, and endocrine dysfunctions. …”
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Recurrent Thrombotic Vasculopathy in a Former Cocaine User by Preeti Jadhav, Hassan Tariq, Masooma Niazi, Giovanni Franchin

“…Further workup did not reveal any other, autoimmune or infectious, etiology of this clinical presentation. The patient underwent biopsy of the skin lesion that was consistent with thrombotic vasculopathy likely secondary to levamisole.…”
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Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in the Management of Merkel Cell Carcinoma by Eric P. Arruda, Kevin M. Higgins

“…It most commonly affects the elderly and has a predilection for the sun-exposed skin of the head and neck region. Other etiological factors include immune suppression, organ transplantation, and polyoma virus infection. …”
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An Unusual Presentation of a Posterior Mediastinal Schwannoma Associated with Traumatic Hemothorax by Ruchi Amin, Brett H. Waibel

“…An operative exploration was pursued due to persistent hemothorax with hemodynamic instability despite resuscitation and adequate thoracostomy tube placement. The intraoperative etiology of bleeding was discovered to be traumatic fracture of a large hypervascular posterior mediastinal schwannoma. …”
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Lipoma of the Ischiorectal Fossa: A Rare Case Report by Djavan Khubanov, Kamala Gasimova

“…Ischiorectal fossa (IRF) masses are uncommon and pose significant diagnostic challenges because of their varied etiologies. This case report presents a rare case of an IRF lipoma in a 55-year-old female patient characterized by a large, benign gluteal mass. …”
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Pulmonary Hyalinizing Granuloma Mimicking Metastatic Lung Cancer by Nuri Düzgün, Ercan Kurtipek, Hıdır Esme, Meryem İlkay Eren Karanis, İsmet Tolu

“…Deposition of immune complexes in the lung parenchyma due to hypersensitivity reactions is implicated in the etiology of pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma. A 59-year-old female patient who presented to our clinic with complaints of chest pain and cough had bilateral, multiple, and rounded lesions with regular margins suggesting metastatic lung disease. …”
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Acute Liver Failure Occurring during the First Trimester of Pregnancy Successfully Treated with Living Donor Liver Transplantation by Naoya Kanogawa, Tatsuo Kanda, Masayuki Ohtsuka, Masato Nakamura, Tatsuo Miyamura, Shin Yasui, Makoto Arai, Hitoshi Maruyama, Keiichi Fujiwara, Makio Shozu, Shigeto Oda, Masaru Miyazaki, Osamu Yokosuka

“…We report a 30-year-old woman with ALF of unknown etiology, occurring during the first trimester of pregnancy. …”
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Radical Cystectomy and Lymphadenectomy to Two Patients with Pelvic Kidney: Surgical Pitfalls and Considerations by I. Adamakis, C. Pournaras, I. Katafigiotis, G. Kousournas, E. Fragkiadis, I. Leotsakos, C. Alamanis, D. Mitropoulos, C. Constantinides

“…The pelvic kidney is the most common sight of renal ectopia. The etiology is the aborted ascent of the fetal kidney from its initial position in the pelvis. …”
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Intraocular Lymphoma or Infection? Subretinal Aspirate Confirms the Diagnosis by A. Saad, S. O. Salceanu, K. Oswal, A. Aboushrkh, D. Hamada

“…Detailed workup had been done to rule out infectious etiology. A suspicion of lymphoma was considered and vitreous biopsy sample was taken from one eye, which was inconclusive. …”
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