Chemoradiation-Induced Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: A Case Report by Mathieu Castonguay, George Rodrigues, Mark Vincent, Richard A Malthaner, Lin-Ruo Guo

“…The literature regarding the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of this rare entity is discussed.…”
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Efficacy and safety of 3D-therapy at HCV-related subcompensated liver cirrhosis (genotype 1b) by P. O. Bogomolov, M. V. Matsiyevich, A. O. Buyeverov, V. D. Beznosenko, Ye. V. Fedosova, M. Yu. Petrachenkova, S. V. Koblov, K. Yu. Kokina, O. S. Kuzmina, N. V. Voronkova

“…To estimate efficacy and safety of 3D mode of interferon­free therapy in patients with subcompensated liver cirrhosis (LC) of HCV etiology (genotype 1b). Material and methods. Original study included the data of 66 patients (26 men and 40 women) with subcompensated LC of HCV etiology (genotype 1b) who underwent interferon­free therapy by ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir, dasabuvir and ribavirin for 12 weeks (the latter was cancelled at receiving the new data on treatment efficacy after 4 weeks of therapy) in September, 2015, before the drug instruction was updated. …”
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Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus as a Probable Cause of Antibiotic-Associated Enterocolitis by Alison B. Lane, Nathanial K. Copeland, Fatma Onmus-Leone, James V. Lawler

“…However, Staphylococcus aureus has also been described as a cause of antibiotic-associated enterocolitis and diarrhea and is likely an underrecognized etiology. We present a case of enterocolitis and urinary tract infection caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus following antibiotic treatment.…”
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Gastrocolic Fistula: A Shortcut through the Gut by Nauzer Forbes, Raed Al-Dabbagh, Peter Lovrics, David Morgan

“…Traditionally, peptic ulcer disease was commonly implicated in the formation of gastrocolic fistulas; however, this is now a rare etiology. Here, we present a case of gastrocolic fistula secondary to peptic ulcer disease alone, in addition to reviewing the literature and providing options for diagnosis and treatment.…”
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Differential Yield of Pathogens from Stool Testing of Nosocomial versus Community-Acquired Paediatric Diarrhea by Savita Deorari, Athena McConnell, Kah-Kee Tan, Nadeem Jadavji, Doreen Ma, Deirdre Church, Gary Katzko, D Grant Gall, Taj Jadavji, H Dele Davies

“…A secondary objective was to characterize features that may predict NAD or CAD etiology.…”
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A Case of Infective Endocarditis and Pulmonary Septic Emboli Caused by Lactococcus lactis by Bshara Mansour, Adib Habib, Nazih Asli, Yuval Geffen, Dan Miron, Nael Elias

“…We present here a case of previously healthy eleven-year-old girl with infective endocarditis and pulmonary septic emboli caused by a very rare bacterial etiology (Lactococcus lactis). Identification of this pathogen was only made by polymerase chain reaction.…”
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Resolution of Abfraction-Associated Gingival Fenestration Utilizing Connective Tissue Grafting by Braydon Haskell, J. Kobi Stern, Jordan Ghiassi, Andrew Kurialacherry, Sadja Gaud-Quintana, Mark E. Peacock

“…Gingival fenestration (GF) is a distinct clinical entity of uncertain etiology that is seldom documented in the literature. …”
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Diabetic Macular Edema Pathophysiology: Vasogenic versus Inflammatory by Pedro Romero-Aroca, Marc Baget-Bernaldiz, Alicia Pareja-Rios, Maribel Lopez-Galvez, Raul Navarro-Gil, Raquel Verges

“…Current diagnostic techniques do not permit us to differentiate between both etiologies. In the future, diagnosing the physiopathology of each patient with DME will help us to select the most effective drug.…”
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Secondary endolymphatic hydrops: a clinical and literature overview by Aïna Venkatasamy, Aïna Venkatasamy, Aïna Venkatasamy, Aïna Venkatasamy, Anne R. J. Péporté

“…This review provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology and etiologies of this intricate disease process, thereby facilitating the diagnosis and treatment of the affected patients.…”
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Pneumoscrotum as Complication of Blunt Thoracic Trauma: A Case Report by Eftychios Lostoridis, Konstantinos Gkagkalidis, Nikolaos Varsamis, Nikolaos Salveridis, Georgios Karageorgiou, Spyridon Kampantais, Paraskevi Tourountzi, Konstantinos Pouggouras

“…It presents with swollen scrotal sac and sometimes with palpable crepitus. It has many etiologies. One of them is due to blunt trauma of the thoracic cage, causing pneumothorax and/or pneumomediastinum. …”
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The Conceptualization and Measurement of Comorbidity: A Review of the Interprofessional Discourse by Salimah H. Meghani, Harleah G. Buck, Victoria Vaughan Dickson, Marilyn J. Hammer, Eneida Rejane Rabelo-Silva, Robyn Clark, Mary D. Naylor

“…Two potential paths to generating knowledge involve the use of etiological or epidemiological approach. An etiological approach investigates the risk factors and underlying mechanisms potentially leading to consolidation of diagnosis and treatments. …”
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The Diagnostic Challenge of an Infrequent Spectrum of Cryptococcus Infection by Francisco Barbosa De Araujo Neto, Camila Corona De Godoy Bueno, Liege Tambelini Gomes, Daniela Alejandra Ortiz Navas, Mark Wanderley, Stefanie Gallotti Borges Carneiro, Rita Karine Veras Gomes De Mello, Laura Mendes Coura, Larissa Sayuri Missumi, Henrique Durante, Ricardo Francisco Cintra Zagatti, Márcio Valente Yamada Sawamura

“…Chest X-ray, ultrasonography, and computed tomography were performed, which diagnosed a mediastinal and left supraclavicular mass, interpreted as lymph node conglomerates of unknown etiology. He also underwent a biopsy of the left supraclavicular mass for etiological determination by histopathology, which confirmed cryptococcosis infection. …”
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Challenges in the Diagnosis and Management of Acquired Nontraumatic Urethral Strictures in Boys in Yaoundé, Cameroon by F. F. Mouafo Tambo, G. Fossi kamga, C. Kamadjou, L. Mbouche, A. S. Nwaha Makon, J. Birraux, O. G. Andze, F. F. Angwafo, P. Y. Mure

“…In case of acquired strictures, the etiology is iatrogenic or traumatic and rarely infectious or inflammatory. …”
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Changing panorama in risk factors of cerebral palsy by Dogruoz Karatekin Bilinc, Icagasioglu Afitap

“…Background/Aim. The etiology of cerebral palsy (CP) is multifactorial and not yet fully understood. …”
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Mechanisms and Clinical Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias following Blunt Chest Trauma by Daniel H. Wolbrom, Aleef Rahman, Cory M. Tschabrunn

“…This can be the result of a dense projectile during competitive and recreational sports but may also include other etiologies such as motor vehicle accidents or traumatic falls. …”
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Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan Laringomalasia by Elfianto Elfianto, Novialdi Novialdi

“…Sekitar 80% kasus merupakan derajat ringan dan sedang yang dapat membaik serta resolusi sampai usia 2 tahun sedangkan 20% merupakan derajat berat yang membutuhkan tindakan pembedahan Tujuan: Mengetahui dan memahami etiologi, diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan laringomalasia. …”
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Pharmacotherapy of Peptic Ulcer Disease by F Molina, MM Vohra, CN Williams

“…The etiology of peptic ulcer is multifactorial; except for omeprazole, all drugs used for the treatment of peptic ulcer result in healing with no statistical difference at four weeks. …”
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Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts by Tilahun Alelign, Beyene Petros

“…Therefore, this review has intended to provide a compiled up-to-date information on kidney stone etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention approaches.…”
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Characterizing Cerebral Imaging and Electroclinical Features of Five Pseudohypoparathyroidism Cases Presenting with Epileptic Seizures by Zijuan Qi, Zhensheng Li, Quwen Gao, Li Dong, Jian Lin, Kairun Peng, Wei Xiang, Bingmei Deng

“…To characterize the cerebral imaging and electroclinical features and investigate their etiological contributions to seizures in pseudoparathyroidism (PHP). …”
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Arterial Thrombosis in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Two-Case Reports and Review of the Literature by C. Konin, J. B. Anzouan-Kacou, A. Essam N'loo

“…Arterial thrombosis might occur in HIV infection. Several etiological factors could be involved in the pathogeny of these arterial thromboses.…”
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