Retrospective analysis of medical malpractice claims in tertiary hospitals of China: the view from patient safety by Guohong Li, Yao Yao, Heng Li, Shengjie Dong, Ziyi Liao, Suwei Yuan, Yujie Cui

“…Medical technology errors accounted for 91.8% of the claims and medical ethics errors for 5.8%. The highest average payment was found in cardiovascular surgery (US$41 733) and the lowest in stomatology (US$8822).Conclusions A previous study found that grade-A tertiary hospitals in China have similar medical error rates to general Chinese hospitals. 36Different specialties had different risk characteristics regarding medical errors, payments and proportionate liabilities. …”
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Synovial biomarkers in the diagnosis of post-traumatic osteoarthritis following anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries: protocol for a systematic review by Helena Donato, Fernando Fonseca, João Pedro Oliveira, João Castro Mendes, José Casanova, Alexandrina Ferreira Mendes

“…A narrative synthesis will be performed to evaluate the strength and consistency of the findings, considering both the methodological quality of the included studies and the reliability of the results.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required for this review as it is a secondary study based on public and published data. …”
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Psychological interventions for chronic non-specific low back pain: protocol of a systematic review with network meta-analysis by Lingxiao Chen, Jill Hayden, Manuela Ferreira, Emma Ho, Milena Simic, Claire Ashton-James, Josielli Comachio, Paulo Ferreira

“…All analyses will be performed in Stata.Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval is required. …”
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Protocol for the purification of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase from transplastomic tobacco plants by Xiao-Xian Wu, Fan Li, Chuxia Zhu, Shu-Yi Sun, Wen-Hui Mu, Stephanie Ruf, Ralph Bock, Yu Zhang, Fei Zhou

“…We then detail the steps for purifying PEP from the transplastomic tobacco leaves.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wu et al.1 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.…”
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Diagnostic performance of the DISQVER metagenomic sequencing tool for the identification of pathogens in febrile neutropenic patients: the ADNEMIA trial by Geneviève Héry-Arnaud, Christophe Burucoa, Marie Kempf, David Boutoille, Yohann Foucher, Philippe Lanotte, Maxime Pichon, Stéphane Corvec, Cécile Le Brun, Helene Pailhories

“…Identifying the pathogens responsible for high-risk FN from a blood sample, using an unbiased technique, can provide microbiological documentation and may even reveal unexpected microorganisms in these profoundly immunocompromised patients.Ethics and dissemination The protocol received approval from the Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Méditerranée II. …”
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Effect of non-pharmacological interventions for overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome on ovulation and pregnancy outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and ne... by Juan Li, Jie Yang, Fan-rong Liang, Jun Zhou, Gui-Xing Xu, Han Yang, Yan-qun Xiao, Jia-jia Liu, Zhi-yong Xiao, Xiao-yan Zheng, Li-ying Liu, Zheng Yu

“…The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system will be adopted to evaluate the certainty of evidence.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will not be required because the study will not include the original information of participants. …”
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What are the gaps in cardiovascular risk assessment and management in primary care for Māori and Pacific people in Aotearoa New Zealand? Protocol for a systematic review by Vanessa Selak, Matire Harwood, Shanthi Ameratunga, Corina Grey, Janine Paynter, Karen Marie Brewer, Julie Winter-Smith, Sandra Hanchard

“…This means that critical appraisal includes an assessment of quality from an Indigenous perspective.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required. …”
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Changes in soft and hard tissue of central incisor before and after distal migration of the maxillary dentition in adult patients with different periodontal phenotypes by CHEN Rui, HAN Shuang, AN Qi

“…Methods The study was approved by the hospital ethics committee, and the patients signed the informed consent form. …”
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Trials and tribulations: a qualitative exploration of researcher perspectives on navigating the challenges of health system implementation research by Natalie Taylor, April Morrow, Julia Steinberg, Emily Hogden, Deborah Debono, Elijah Tyedmers, Priscilla Chan, Gabriella Tiernan

“…Barriers and facilitators identified within themes were deductively coded to domains of the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.Setting Participants were recruited from a research organisation based in Sydney, Australia.Participants A total of seven researcher and administering institution participants took part in four focus groups.Results Analysis highlighted the following themes: navigating bureaucracy, distinguishing implementation trials from clinical trials, the impact of COVID-19, balancing rigour and pragmatism in implementation trials, data access and complexity of analysis, and key learnings and future directions (subthemes: building relationships with ethics committees, communicating implementation concepts, streamlining of the implementation and research approach).Conclusions Findings highlight the need for streamlining current administrative and ethical review processes, as well as procedures that allow greater flexibility for researchers to respond to challenges as they arise. …”
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Sequential exploratory mixed-method research of an eHealth intervention on blood pressure, sleep quality and physical activity in obstructive sleep apnoea: rationale and methodolog... by Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre, Ferran Barbé, Oriol Martínez-Navarro, Francisco José Verdejo-Amengual, Fran Valenzuela-Pascual, Joan Blanco-Blanco, Rabie Adel El Arab, Esther Rubinat-Arnaldo, Maria Masbernat-Almenara, Francesc Rubí‑Carnacea, Blanca Manuel Martí

“…Secondary outcomes are subjective sleep quality, sleep apnoea-related parameters, daytime sleepiness, physical activity, empowerment and motivation for change, quality of life, anthropometry, cost–benefit and adherence.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval for the study has been obtained from the Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (CEIC-2511). …”
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Levosimendan and Global Longitudinal Strain Assessment in Sepsis (GLASSES 1): a study protocol for an observational study by Iacopo Cappellini, Alessandra Melai, Lucia Zamidei, Maddalena Parise, Simone Cipani, Guglielmo Consales

“…Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Ethical approval for this study has been given by Comitato Etico Regione Toscana - Area Vasta Centro, Florence, Italy (ethical committee number: 13875_oss) on 25 May 2019 (Chairperson Professor Marco Marchi).Trial registration number NCT04141410.…”
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Performance of HPV E4 and p16INK4a biomarkers in predicting regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2): protocol for a historical cohort study by David Jenkins, Mark H Stoler, Anne Hammer, Torben Steiniche, Lone Kjeld Petersen, Patti E Gravitt, Rikke Kamp Damgaard, Maurits NC de Koning, Wim GV Quint, John Doorbar, Johnny Kahlert

“…Regression will be used as the primary outcome.Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Ethical Committee in Central Denmark Region (1-10-72-60-20) and registered at the Faculty of Health, Aarhus University. …”
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Systematic literature review on Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition (CPPD) nomenclature: condition elements and clinical states— A Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease... by Georgios Filippou, Antonella Adinolfi, Emilio Filippucci, Nicola Dalbeth, Robert Terkeltaub, Tristan Pascart, Edoardo Cipolletta, Silvia Sirotti, Charlotte Jauffret, Sara Tedeschi, Daniele Cirillo, Luca Ingrao, Alessandro Lucia

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Understanding the use of the National Early Warning Score 2 in acute care settings: a realist review protocol by Nia Roberts, Geoff Wong, Michelle Treacy, Mandy Odell

“…This initial programme theory presents how the NEWS2 is supposed to work (or not), it will now be developed, tested and refined.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required for this study as it is secondary research. …”
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Tawaduk Santri In Nusantara Cultural Perspective: A Multi-Discourse Analysis by Khusnul Khotimah, Wevi Lutfitasari, Maulid Taembo, Mohammad Hipni

“…These practices honor Prophet Muhammad, instill noble ethics, foster Islamic brotherhood (ukhuwah islamiyah), encourage surrender to Allah, and promote restraint from worldly desires. …”
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Assessing the impact of different donor milk treatments on infant health and growth: a systematic review protocol by Daniel Klotz, Carolyn Smith, Agnieszka Bzikowska-Jura, Marzia Giribaldi, Tanya Cassidy, Laura Cavallarin, Serena Gandino, Karolina Karcz, Chiara Peila, Bartłomiej Walczak, Aleksandra Wesolowska

“…Data will be synthesised in a quantitative format describing significant results as well as presenting the results of the quality assessment of studies.Ethics and dissemination This systematic review does not require ethical approval, as we will not collect primary data. …”
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Evaluating novel approaches for estimating awake and sleep blood pressure: design of the Better BP Study – a randomised, crossover trial by Paul Muntner, Ligong Chen, Daichi Shimbo, Joseph E Schwartz, Maria Cepeda, Demetria Hubbard, Suzanne Oparil, Byron C Jaeger, Shakia T Hardy, Julia Medina

“…Psychosocial factors, anthropometrics, left ventricular mass index and albumin-to-creatinine ratio are also being assessed.Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Columbia University Medical Center Institutional Review Boards. …”
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Impact of a pharmaceutical care service for patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a customised mobile device (the PROUD trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial by Jung-Yoon Choe, Hwajeong Lee, Yun-Kyoung Song, Seong-Kyu Kim, Ji-Won Kim, Ji-Eun Park, Ju-Eun Lee, Bo-Kyung Moon, Sung-Hoon Park

“…Analysis will be carried out with intent-to-treat and per-protocol principles.Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Daegu Catholic University Medical Center (IRB no. …”
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Randomised controlled trial comparing intraoperative cell salvage and autotransfusion with standard care in the treatment of hip fractures: a protocol for the WHITE 9 study by Mike Murphy, Nicholas Parsons, James Mason, Juul Achten, Duncan Appelbe, Edward Dickenson, Damian Griffin, Katy Mironov, Matthew Wyse, Amrita Athwal, Xavier Luke Griffin, Heather O'Connor

“…Secondary outcomes will include complications, postoperative delirium, residential status, mobility, allogenic blood use, mortality and resource use.Ethics and dissemination NHS ethical approval was provided on 14 August 2019 (19/WA/0197) and the trial registered (ISRCTN15945622). …”
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Relationship between Tai Chi and clinical outcomes in elderly patients with COVID-19: a protocol for systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis by Yang Wang, Na Li, Xiao Peng, Chun Wang, Sheng He, Jinfeng Yang, Yuanpeng Liao

“…The quality of evidence will be assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation, and the risk of bias will be evaluated by using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale.Ethics and dissemination This study will review published data; thus, obtaining ethical approval and consent is unnecessary. …”
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