Advancements in Superhydrophobic Paper-Based Materials: A Comprehensive Review of Modification Methods and Applications by Yin Tang, Shouwei Ban, Zhihan Xu, Jing Sun, Zhenxin Ning

“…It also discusses various superhydrophobic modification techniques, including surface chemical modification, coating technology, physical composite technology, laser etching, and other innovative methods. The applications and development prospects of these materials are explored, emphasizing their potential in self-cleaning materials, oil–water separation, droplet manipulation, and paper-based sensors for wearable electronics and environmental monitoring.…”
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Optical-emission spectrometry method with inductively coupled plasma for determining the mass concentration of phosphorus in an oil-water emulsion by N. A. Zmeeva, O. Yu. Vinokurova

“…Phosphorus enters the emulsion after etching the wire in a solution of orthophosphoric acid, which removes oxides that have appeared in the process of forming brass. …”
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A Quad-Element UWB-MIMO Antenna with Band-Notch and Reduced Mutual Coupling Based on EBG Structures by Wenjing Wu, Bo Yuan, Aiting Wu

“…It is printed at the center of the dielectric substrate to lower electromagnetic coupling between the parallel elements. Besides, by etching four crescent ring-shaped resonant slots on the radiators, a sharp band-notched characteristic is achieved. …”
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A Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage in Class V Composite Restorations by Sujatha Gopal Sooraparaju, Pavan Kumar Kanumuru, Surya Kumari Nujella, Karthik Roy Konda, K. Bala Kasi Reddy, Sivaram Penigalapati

“…Materials and Methodology. 60 class V cavities were prepared in 30 freshly extracted teeth. After etching and application of bonding agents these cavities were divided into three groups: Group A (n=20)—restored with composite resin, Group B (n=20)—flowable composite resin liner + composite resin, and Group C (n=20)—restored with injectable composite resin. …”
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Effective Passivation of Large Area Black Silicon Solar Cells by SiO2/SiNx:H Stacks by Zengchao Zhao, Bingye Zhang, Ping Li, Wan Guo, Aimin Liu

“…Large area (156×156 mm2) black silicon was prepared by silver-nanoparticle-assisted etching on pyramidal silicon wafer. The conversion efficiency of black silicon solar cell without passivation is 13.8%. …”
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Dependence of Performance of Si Nanowire Solar Cells on Geometry of the Nanowires by Firoz Khan, Seong-Ho Baek, Jae Hyun Kim

“…Metal-assisted electroless etching (MAE) technique has been used to grow SiNWs array. …”
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Effect of Plasma, RF, and RIE Treatments on Properties of Double-Sided High Voltage Solar Cells with Vertically Aligned p-n Junctions by Mykola O. Semenenko, Mykhailo G. Dusheiko, Sergiy V. Mamykin, Valeriy O. Ganus, Mykhailo V. Kirichenko, Roman V. Zaitsev, Mykola M. Kharchenko, N. I. Klyui

“…Application of reactive ion etching technique removes the broken layer, reduces elastic strain in the wafer, decreases recombination of charge carriers in the bulk, and provides cell efficiency increase by up to ten times.…”
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Annealing Heat Treatment of ZnO Nanoparticles Grown on Porous Si Substrate Using Spin-Coating Method by K. A. Eswar, J. Rouhi, H. F. Husairi, M. Rusop, S. Abdullah

“…In order to prepare PSi, electrochemical etching was employed to modify the Si surface. Zinc acetate dihydrate was used as a starting material in ZnO sol-gel solution preparation. …”
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Evaluation of different surface treatments on the bond strength of CAD/CAM PMMA denture teeth to heat-polymerized acrylic denture base by Nour Alhouda Alhomsi, Ammar Almustafa, Hasan Alzoubi

“…The study sample consisted of 100 teeth that were divided equally into five groups: Group 1: denture artificial teeth (control), Group 2: PMMA teeth without surface treatment, Group 3: PMMA teeth with MMA etching, Group 4: PMMA teeth with sandblasting (aluminum oxide particles), and Group 5: PMMA teeth with perpendicular grooves. …”
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Role of CO2 Laser on SBS between Dental Porcelain and Composite Resin Repair Process by Noor Bader Hassan, Basima Mohammed Ali Hussein, Ahmed Ali Mohammed

“…Group I was treated with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid (HF), Group II with a 5 W CO2 laser, and Group III with CO2 followed by etching with 9.5% HF. Then, a Bisco intraoral repair kit was used, followed by the application of repair composite resin (Tetric N Ceram) on the porcelain surface using a Teflon mold and light-curing source. …”
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Dual-Frequency Miniaturized Substrate Integrated Waveguide Quarter-Mode Cavity-Backed Antenna Based on Minkowski Fractal Gap with Orthogonal Polarization Radiation Characteristics by Zihao Fu, Tianliang Zhang, You Lan, Tianhai Wu, Wenxing Huang, Leilei He

“…Firstly, the resonant frequency of the rectangular substrate integrated waveguide resonator is reduced by etching the fractal gap in the resonator to achieve miniaturization. …”
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Understanding and Optimizing Oxygen Plasma Treatment for Enhanced Cu-Cu Bonding Application by Sangwoo Park, Sangmin Lee, Junyoung Choi, Sarah Eunkyung Kim

“…X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to calculate the Cu atomic percentage (at%) at the surface and at a depth of 25 seconds of etching, while water contact angle (WCA) measurements assessed surface energy. …”
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General synthesis of neighboring dual-atomic sites with a specific pre-designed distance via an interfacial-fixing strategy by Yan Yan, Rui Yu, Mingkai Liu, Zehua Qu, Jifeng Yang, Siyuan He, Hongliang Li, Jie Zeng

“…Specifically, polydopamine is used to coat nanotemplates made of metal oxides, followed by pyrolysis to form a metal-oxide skeleton coated by rich nitrogen-doped carbon shells. After chemically etching the skeleton, only interfacial metal atoms strongly bonded with the support via nitrogen atoms are retained. …”
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Light-Output Enhancement of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes with Three-Dimensional Backside Reflectors Patterned by Microscale Cone Array by Huamao Huang, Jinyong Hu, Hong Wang

“…This microscale pattern was prepared by standard photolithography and wet-etching technique. Measurement results show that the 3D 16-DBR can provide 12.1% enhancement of wall-plug efficiency, which is consistent with the simulated value of 11.73% for the enhancement of LEE.…”
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The Glacier Views of Jean-Antoine Linck – A Milestone for the Mont Blanc Glacier History from the 18th to the 19th Century by Samuel U. Nussbaumer, Heinz J. Zumbühl

“…Linck subtly used the etching technique to create easily reproducible plates in large format, which are then hand-coloured with gouache and watercolour. …”
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A Beam Steering Dielectric Resonator Antenna Designed Using Rogers RO4003C Material for S-Band Applications by Manisha Kumari, Tavanam Venkata Rao, S. Arun Jayakar, D. Srinivas, Dola Gobinda Padhan, A. Kishore Reddy, P. Rahul Reddy, Amanuel Diriba Tura

“…The antenna is fabricated using the chemical etching process which employs a positive photoresist that gives a higher resolution accuracy for the designed antenna. …”
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Optimizing MoS2 Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors: Stability, Performance, and Sensitivity Enhancements by Steffen Rühl, Giovanni Ligorio, Max Heyl, Emil J. W. List‐Kratochvil

“…Postmortem analysis identified key areas for improvement leadinf to three major modifications: 1) a double‐junction Ag/AgCl electrode to prevent ion leakage, 2) a protective resist layer to shields the monolayer, and 3) precise etching to confine the semiconductor material, reducing parasitic currents. …”
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Human and Bovine Dentin Composition and Its Hybridization Mechanism Assessed by FT-Raman Spectroscopy by L. E. S. Soares, A. D. F. Campos, A. A. Martin

“…The resulted forty dentin segments were treated either with the total-etch one bottle adhesive (Prime & Bond 2.1, PB) or with the single-step self-etching adhesive (Xeno III, X) and divided into four groups: HPB (control), HX, BPB, and BX. …”
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Preparation of Superhydrophobic Multiscale Films for Oil-Water Separation in a Harsh Environment by Depeng Li, Jinyang Fan, Jie Chen, Deyi Jiang

“…In this paper, oil-water separation materials with micro-nano hierarchical structure were prepared on different metal substrates using chemical etching and electrophoretic deposition. And hydrophobic materials with a single micro/nano structure were also prepared; then, the surfaces were hydrophobized by various low surface energy modifiers. …”
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Highly Sensitive Immunosensing of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Based on Gold Nanoparticles Dotted PB@PANI Core-Shell Nanocubes as a Signal Probe by Dexiang Feng, Lingzhi Chen, Ke Zhang, Shuangshuang Zhu, Meichen Ying, Peng Jiang, Menglan Fu, Yan Wei, Lihua Li

“…First, a facile low-temperature method was used to prepare the uniform PB@PANI core-shell nanocubes with the assistance of PVP, where PB acted as the electron transfer mediator to provide electrochemical signals, and the PANI with excellent conductivity and desirable chemical stability not only played the role of a protective layer to prevent etching of PB in basic media but also effectively improved electron transfer. …”
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