The shear bond measurement of two self-adhesive composite resins to both enamel and dentin (An in vitro study) by Abdulkareem Ramadhan Ibrahim

“…Thirty enamel samples were divided into three groups; group E1: Vertise Flow, group E2: Constic and group E3: conventional composite with self-etching bonding. Also the thirty dentin groups were divided into three groups, group D1, D2 and D3 with the same corresponding composites as in enamel groups. …”
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Numerical Simulation on Hydrofracture Propagation in Fractured-Vuggy Unconventional Reservoirs by Tingxue Jiang, Haitao Wang, Xiaobing Bian, Daobing Wang, Jun Zhou, Bo Yu

“…When a large pressure drop occurs, it is suggested that the middle-low viscosity acid be injected at a low rate to etch the carbonate rock and enhance the fracture conductivity. …”
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Preparation of Bioactive Titanium Surfaces via Fluoride and Fibronectin Retention by Carlos Nelson Elias, Patricia Abdo Gravina, Costa e Silva Filho, Pedro Augusto de Paula Nascente

“…Two titanium dental implants (Porous-acid etching and PorousNano-acid etching followed by fluoride ion modification) were characterized by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction before and after the incorporation of human plasma fibronectin (FN). …”
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Optical Fresnel zone plate flat lenses made entirely of colored photoresist through an i-line stepper by Ryohei Yamada, Hiroyuki Kishida, Tomohiro Takami, Itti Rittaporn, Mizuho Matoba, Haruyuki Sakurai, Kuniaki Konishi

“…However, their fabrication, particularly for visible wavelengths, involves complex and costly processes, such as high-resolution lithography and dry-etching, which has limited their availability. In this study, we present a simplified method for fabricating visible Fresnel zone plate (FZP) planar lenses, a type of diffractive optical element, using an i-line stepper and a special photoresist (color resist) that only necessitates coating, exposure, and development, eliminating the need for etching or other post-processing steps. …”
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Surface Texturing with Hemispherical Cavities to Improve Efficiency in Silicon Solar Cells by D. W. de Lima Monteiro, F. P. Honorato, R. F. de Oliveira Costa, L. P. Salles

“…The method relies on anisotropic etching of bulk silicon and requires only a single oxide mask and two etching steps with a KOH or TMAH aqueous solution. …”
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Fabrication of Hollow Needle Tips with Nanoholes by Plasma Maskless Processing and Calculation and Detection of Complex Surface Edges by Zuocai Dai, Sha Zhou, Tongguang Yang, Yanpeng Wang

“…The plasma maskless processing method combines the advantages of plasma etching and scanning probe processing, such as high etching efficiency, wide range of applicable materials, and high resolution. …”
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Effects of Synthetic Procedures and Postsynthesis Incubation pH on Size, Shape, and Antibacterial Activity of Copper (I) Oxide Nanoparticles by Vinh Tien Nguyen, Khanh Son Trinh

“…The 24-hour acidic postsynthesis incubation resulted in an etching effect, which reduced the size and size variation of Cu2O NP6. …”
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Nano-Perforated Silicon Membrane with Monolithically Integrated Buried Cavity by Sanjeev Vishal Kota, Anil Thilsted, Daniel Trimarco, Jesper Yue Pan, Ole Hansen, Jörg Hübner, Rafael Taboryski, Henri Jansen

“…We demonstrate a process that utilizes the cyclic deposit, remove, etch, and multi-step (DREM) process for directional etching of high-aspect-ratio (HAR) 300 nm in diameter nano-pores of 700 nm pitch. …”
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Improving the Efficiency Enhancement of Photonic Crystal Based InGaN Solar Cell by Using a GaN Cap Layer by T. F. Gundogdu, M. Gökkavas, E. Ozbay

“…The incorporation of the sacrificial cap layer allows for the etching of the front surface without removing the active InGaN resulting in a 50% enhancement of the short-circuit current density for a 15 nm-thick InGaN layer.…”
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A Compact CPW-Fed UWB Antenna with Dual Band-Notched Characteristics by Aiting Wu, Boran Guan

“…The dual band rejection is achieved by etching a C-shaped slot on the radiation patch and two L-shaped parasitic strips in the ground plane. …”
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Design of a Compact UWB Antenna with Triple Band-Notched Characteristics by Qiang Wang, Yan Zhang

“…The notch band of 7.25–7.75 GHz is achieved by etching a U-shaped slot in the ground plane. The notched bands can be controlled, respectively, while the characteristics of the proposed UWB antenna almost keep completely unchanged at the unnotched frequencies. …”
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Nucleation Kinetics, Growth and Characterization Studies of a Diamagnetic Crystal-Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate (ZSHH) by R. Kanagadurai, R. Durairajan, R. Sankar, G. Sivanesan, S. P. Elangovan, R. Jayavel

“…The as-grown ZSHH crystals were characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction, UV-VIS absorption and transmittance, FT-IR absorption, TG-DTA, microhardness and etching studies.…”
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EQUIPMENT FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF SILICON WAFERS SUBMICRON TOPOLOGY DURING THE FABRICATION OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS by S. A. Chizhik, S. P. Basalaev, V. A. Pilipenko, A. L. Khudoley, T. A. Kuznetsova, V. V. Chikunov, A. A. Suslov

“…The possibilities of characterizing the surface morphology and the etching profile for silicon substrate and bus lines, estimation of the periodicity and size of bus lines, geometrical stability for elementary bus line are shown. …”
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Photocorrosion Mechanism of TiO2-Coated Photoanodes by Arjen Didden, Philipp Hillebrand, Bernard Dam, Roel van de Krol

“…The degradation of the film initiates from small pinholes and shows oscillatory behavior that can be explained by an Avrami-type model for photocorrosion that is halfway between 2D and 3D etching. XPS analysis of corroded films indicates that a thin layer of CdS remains present on the surface of the corroded photoanode that is more resilient towards photocorrosion.…”
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A High Selectivity, Miniaturized, Low Profile Dual-Band Bandpass FSS with a Controllable Transmission Zero by Wenxing Li, Yuanyuan Li

“…A transmission zero is produced by etching slots on the edges of the middle metal layer to achieve superior frequency selectivity. …”
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Application of Different Extraction Methods for Investigation of Nonmetallic Inclusions and Clusters in Steels and Alloys by Diana Janis, Ryo Inoue, Andrey Karasev, Pär G. Jönsson

“…In this study, the application of various extraction methods (chemical extraction/etching by acid or halogen-alcohol solutions, electrolysis, sputtering with glow discharge, and so on) for 3D estimation of nonmetallic Al2O3 inclusions and clusters in high-alloyed steels was examined and discussed using an Fe-10 mass% Ni alloy and an 18/8 stainless steel deoxidized with Al. …”
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Design and Fabrication of a Novel T-Shaped Piezoelectric ZnO Cantilever Sensor by Kai Yang, Zhigang Li, Dapeng Chen

“…The key step of the process is protecting the ZnO film from KOH etching by a novel and effective method, which has rarely appeared in the literature. …”
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Detailed characterization of complex banding in air-cooled bainitic steels by Morales-Rivas L., Roelofs H., Hasler S., Garcia-Mateo C., Caballero F.G.

“…The banded microstructure was observed due to distinctive sensitivities to the etching agent. Microstructural and crystallographic studies by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Backscatter Diffraction did not reveal any substantial differences between bands and matrix. …”
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Facile Synthesis of Hollow Carbon Nanospheres by Using Microwave Radiation by Jiareng Chen, Jiaqi Lin, Bin Cui, Yang Liu

“…The traditional methods to prepare hollow carbon nanospheres require complicated instrumentation and harsh chemicals, including high-temperature furnace, gas inlets, and hydrogen fluoride etching. Herein, we propose a new strategy to prepare hollow carbon nanospheres in a simple and fast manner by using microwave radiation. …”
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Wafer-scale integration of freestanding photonic devices with color centers in silicon carbide by Sridhar Majety, Victoria A. Norman, Pranta Saha, Alex H. Rubin, Scott Dhuey, Marina Radulaski

“…The developed process has a variability in etch rate and etch angle of 5.4% and 2.9%, respectively. …”
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