Annotation of Software Requirements Specification (SRS), Extractions of Nonfunctional Requirements, and Measurement of Their Tradeoff by Muhammad Asif, Ishfaq Ali, Muhamad Sheraz Arshed Malik, Muhammad Hasanain Chaudary, Shahzadi Tayyaba, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood

“…For estimation economic optimum from a set of NFR, iso-cost graphs by assuming the constant cost. …”
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Potential Toxic Metal Concentration and Risk Assessment in Agricultural Soil and Lentil Crop (Lens culinaris Medik) in Dawunt Woreda, Northwest Wollo, Ethiopia by Baynesagn Biyazen Belay, Asamene Embiale Taye

“…The possible health risks at various exposure routes have also been estimated. The single-metal and cumulative-metals health risks (cancer and noncancer) of adults and children due to chronic exposure to soil and consumption of lentils were estimated using the health quotient and health index values as per the United States Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. …”
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A New Pabs Model for Quantitatively Diagnosing Phosphorus Nutritional Status in Corn Plants by Xinwei Zhao, Shengbo Chen, Yucheng Xu, Zibo Wang

“…Results demonstrated a correct diagnosis rate of 75%, underscoring the model’s capacity to accurately estimate phosphorus requirements on a regional scale. …”
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Cost Impact Model of a Novel Multi-mRNA Host Response Assay for Diagnosis and Risk Assessment of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and Sepsis in the Emergency Department by John E. Schneider, Jonathan Romanowsky, Philipp Schuetz, Ivana Stojanovic, Henry K. Cheng, Oliver Liesenfeld, Ljubomir Buturovic, Timothy E. Sweeney

“…**Methods:** Our cost impact model estimated costs for adult ED patients with suspected ARTI under the standard of care versus with the adoption of HostDx Sepsis from the perspective of US payers. …”
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Maternal Serum Uric Acid as an Index of Perinatal Outcomes in Severe Preeclampsia by Rozhan Yassin Khalil, Awat Saber Muhammed

“…Maternal serum uric acid is a useful index for estimate fetal health status and predict neonate outcomes. …”
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Interdependence Between River Aquifer Groundwater Flow and Temperature–Depth Profiles: Type Curves Based on Pi Theorem and Numerical Simulations by José Antonio Jiménez-Valera, Iván Alhama, Carlos Duque, David Labat

“…In this study, new graphical solutions or type curves are provided to estimate the subsurface flow and thermal–mechanical parameters in anisotropic porous media. …”
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Investigation on the effectiveness of progranulin as a novel predictive biomarker for allergic disorders by Nisreen Waleed Mustafa, Zaid Nabeel Elia, Abeer Mansour Abdel Rasool, Sanaria Fawzi Jarjes, Salam Farid Nawara, Shakhawan Hamid

“…Serum PGRN level was estimated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, while interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration was determined by the fluorescent immunoassay technique. …”
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The Impact of Medicaid Preferred Drug Lists on Utilization and Costs of Antipsychotic Medication by Christian Frois, Thomas O’Connell, Jacqueline Pesa, John Fastenau

“…For each program, the total antipsychotic cost per capita was estimated by multiplying antipsychotic utilization by list price (First DataBank), then dividing by program enrollment. …”
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Determination of the area index of lettuce leaves with a monocular camera by Laimonas Kairiūkštis, Başak Yalçıner, Emre Özkul

“…Through the combination of object detection using the YOLOv4 algorithm and area estimation using the HSV colour space and leaf area index, accurate and cost-effective size calculations have been achieved. …”
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Soil-Rock Slope Stability Analysis under Top Loading considering the Nonuniformity of Rocks by Huang Xian-Wen, Zhi-Shu Yao, Wang Bing-Hui, Zhou Ai-Zhao, Peng-Ming Jiang

“…With the development of transportation, many subgrades are being built on mountainsides and therefore, slope stability has to be estimated under high loadings. To obtain better estimation results, a new rock contour establishing algorithm was developed, capable of considering interlock effect between rocks. …”
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Incidence and Predictors of Antiretroviral Treatment Modification in HIV-Infected Adults: A Brazilian Historical Cohort from 2001 to 2010 by Letícia Penna Braga, Cássia Cristina Pinto Mendicino, Edna Afonso Reis, Ricardo Andrade Carmo, Cristiane Menezes de Pádua

“…This study estimated the incidence of and time to first antiretroviral therapy (ART) modification. …”
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Development and validation of risk models to predict chronic kidney disease among people living with HIV: protocol for a systematic review by A P Kengne, Adesola Z Musa, Babatunde L Salako, Nasheeta Peer, Oluwatosin Olaseni Odubela, Nkiruka Odunukwe

“…Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect about 9.1% of the global population with a substantially increased risk of the condition (6.8%–17.2%) among people living with HIV (PLWH). …”
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Study of Abiotic and Biotic Parameters Affecting the Abundance of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Region of Fez (Morocco) by Touria Filali Mouatassem, Abdelhakim El Ouali Lalami, Chafika Faraj, Noureddine Rais, Raja Guemmouh

“…However, there was insufficient evidence to determine the parameters that are capable of estimating the abundance of Anopheles. The findings have also estimated that biotic and abiotic factors can lead to significant variation in the abundance of Culex perexiguus (Theobald, 1903), Culex theileri (Theobald, 1903), and Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758). …”
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Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in Blood Donors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Hassan Nourmohammadi, Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi, Amir Adibi, Seyed Mohammad Amin Hashemipour, Mohsen Abdan, Moloud Fakhri, Zahra Abdan, Diana Sarokhani

“…In the 28 papers examined with 227894 samples, the seroprevalence of COVID-19 in blood donors was 10% (95% CI: 9%, 11%), estimated 5% (95% CI: 4%, 7%) among men and 6% (95% CI: 4%, 7%) among women. …”
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Expectation-Maximization Aided Modified Weighted Sequential Energy Detector for Distributed Cooperative Spectrum Sensing by Mohammed Rashid, Jeffrey A. Nanzer

“…The estimated states are then used in mWSED to compute its test statistics, and the algorithm is referred to here as the EM-mWSED algorithm. …”
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Projecting the Potential Budget Impact Analysis of Paliperidone Palmitate in Egyptian Adult Patients with Schizophrenia by Gihan Elsisi, Mohamed Ezzat, Mohamed Ramadan

“…The total costs for PP (£11.6 million) over 2 years were less than those of oral antipsychotics without PP (£12.7 million). PP produced an estimated budget savings of £1 046 561 (budget savings per patient per year, £3667). …”
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Polymorphism of microsattelite loci within the grape germplasm collection maintained at the Dagestan Experiment Station of VIR by M. M. Agakhanov, V. A. Volkov, P. S. Ulianich, K. M. Abdullaev, E. N. Kislin

“…The size of alleles was estimated with Nanophor 05 sequencer (Syntol, Moscow). …”
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Workplace violence and associated factors against nurses working in public hospitals in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Yeshiwas Ayale Ferede, Agerie Mengistie Zeleke, Jember Ayelgne Beyene, Getanew Kegne Nigate, Worku Chekol Tassew

“…Using a random effect model, the pooled estimate of workplace violence among nurses was calculated. …”
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Simulation Analysis of Energy Inputs Required by Agricultural Machines to Perform Field Operations by Francesco Paciolla, Katarzyna Łyp-Wrońska, Tommaso Quartarella, Simone Pascuzzi

“…Two custom working cycles, simulating the two agricultural operations, have been defined and simulated. The estimated fuel consumption was 7.8 L∙ha⁻¹ and 23.2 L∙ha⁻¹, respectively, for the Landini REX 4-120 GB during pesticide treatment and for the Fendt 942 Vario during milling. …”
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Remote Lifestyle Coaching Plus a Connected Glucose Meter with Certified Diabetes Educator Support Improves Glucose and Weight Loss for People with Type 2 Diabetes by Jennifer B. Bollyky, Dena Bravata, Jason Yang, Mark Williamson, Jennifer Schneider

“…We evaluated the incremental effects of adding lifestyle coaching on BG, estimated HbA1c, and weight. We randomized 330 eligible adults (T2D, HbA1c > 7.5%, BMI ≥ 25) to receive no further intervention (n=75), a connected scale (n=115), scale plus lightweight coaching (n=73), or scale plus intense coaching (n=67) for 12 weeks. …”
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