DAMPs Synergize with Cytokines or Fibronectin Fragment on Inducing Chondrolysis but Lose Effect When Acting Alone by Lei Ding, Joseph A. Buckwalter, James A. Martin

“…However, when acting alone, MTDs or HMGB1 did not upregulate cartilage degrading enzymes or iNOS. Conclusion. MTDs or HMGB1 could only stimulate inflammatory response in chondrocytes with the presence of cytokines or Fn-f.…”
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Histopathological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Studies of Murine Hepatosplenic Tissues Affected by Chronic Toxoplasmosis by Samah Hassan Yahia, Samia Elsayed Etewa, Nesreen Saeed Saleh, Samira Metwally Mohammad, Nora Ibrahim Aboulfotouh, Ahmad Mansour Kandil, Mohamed Hassan Sarhan

“…The biochemical profile of the liver has been changed in the form of increased liver enzymes, and oxidative stress has been evidenced by elevated nitric oxide (NO) concentration in liver homogenate. …”
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Maintenance of Synaptic Stability Requires Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Activity by Julie Allyson, Xiaoning Bi, Michel Baudry, Guy Massicotte

“…Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) represent one of the largest groups of lipid-modifying enzymes. Over the years, significant advances have been made in understanding their potential physiological and pathological functions. …”
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Far beyond Phagocytosis: Phagocyte-Derived Extracellular Traps Act Efficiently against Protozoan Parasites In Vitro and In Vivo by Liliana M. R. Silva, Tamara Muñoz-Caro, Rafael A. Burgos, Maria A. Hidalgo, Anja Taubert, Carlos Hermosilla

“…Released ETs consist of nuclear DNA as backbone adorned with histones, antimicrobial peptides, and phagocyte-specific granular enzymes thereby producing a sticky extracellular matrix capable of entrapping and killing pathogens. …”
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Effects of Fungi-Mediated Solid-State Fermentation on Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Brown and White Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) Grains by Yoseph Asmelash Gebru, Desta Berhe Sbhatu

“…Such changes are suggested to be attributed to activities of fungal enzymes such as amylases, xylanases, and proteases that induce structural breakdown of grain components including cell walls leading to the liberation or synthesis of a variety of phenolic compounds. …”
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Metabolic engineering approaches for the biosynthesis of antibiotics by Geunsoo Yook, Jiwoo Nam, Yeonseo Jo, Hyunji Yoon, Dongsoo Yang

“…To address this challenge, metabolic engineering has recently become crucial in developing efficient enzymes and cell factories capable of producing both existing antibiotics and a wide range of new derivatives and analogs. …”
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Cross-Linked Co-poly(itaconic anhydride-methyl methacrylate): The Effects of the Molar Ratio and Cross-Linking Agent on the Thermal Stability by Ali Aldalbahi, Mostafizur Rahaman, Ayman El-Faham

“…The copolymers containing itaconic anhydride (ITA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) were chosen due to the formation of long-term stable anhydride moieties, which might be useful to attach enzymes covalently with numerous applications in water treatment. …”
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Warfarin Dosing in a Patient with CYP2C9*3*3 and VKORC1-1639 AA Genotypes by Mark Johnson, Craig Richard, Renee Bogdan, Robert Kidd

“…Genetic factors most correlated with warfarin dose requirements are variations in the genes encoding the enzymes cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). …”
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Sulbactam–Durlobactam: A Novel Antibiotic Combination for the Treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii–Calcoaceticus Complex (ABC) Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia and Ventilator-... by Wissam K. Kabbara, Elina Sadek, Hanine Mansour

“…Reported adverse events include anemia, elevated liver enzymes, hyperkalemia, headache, diarrhea, nausea, urticaria, and vascular pain. …”
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Protective Effects of Carvacrol against Oxidative Stress Induced by Chronic Stress in Rat’s Brain, Liver, and Kidney by Saeed Samarghandian, Tahereh Farkhondeh, Fariborz Samini, Abasalt Borji

“…In the stressed animals that received vehicle, the MDA level was significantly higher (P<0.001) and the levels of GSH and antioxidant enzymes were significantly lower than the nonstressed animals (P<0.001). …”
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Investigation of Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of Standardized Curcuma xanthorrhiza Rhizome in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatic Damaged Rats by Sutha Devaraj, Sabariah Ismail, Surash Ramanathan, Mun Fei Yam

“…In the case of hepatoprotective activity, CX hexane fraction showed significant improvement in terms of a biochemical liver function, antioxidative liver enzymes, and lipid peroxidation activity. Good recovery was observed in the treated hepatic tissues histologically. …”
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In Vivo and Ex Vivo Evaluation of 1,3-Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione Derivatives as Euglycemic Agents by Diana Alemán-González-Duhart, Samuel Álvarez-Almazán, Miguel Valdes, Feliciano Tamay-Cach, Jessica Elena Mendieta-Wejebe

“…At the end of the experiment, tissue samples were collected to quantify the level of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and liver enzymes, as well as enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity. …”
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Duodenal Obstruction during Pregnancy by Mansooreh Haghiri, Sedigheh Borna, Kamran Hessami, Ali Sharifi, Seyed Mohsen Ahmadi Tafti, Mahrooz Malek, Nasim Pourdamghan, Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh, Abolfazl Shirdel Abdolmaleki, Maasoumeh Saleh

“…Intractable vomiting and elevated liver enzymes during pregnancy seem to be associated to the obstetric etiologies; however, other causes such as acute surgical emergencies should be considered. …”
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Comparative Neuroprotective Effects of Dexamethasone and Minocycline during Hepatic Encephalopathy by Maha Gamal, Zainab Abdel Wahab, Mohamed Eshra, Laila Rashed, Nivin Sharawy

“…Methods. 48 male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, acute liver injury (ALI) group, minocycline pretreated ALI group, and dexamethasone pretreated ALI group. 24 hours after acute liver injury serum ammonia, liver enzymes, brain levels of heme oxygenase-1 gene, iNOS gene expression, nitrite/nitrate, and cytokines were measured. …”
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Rational Design for Improving the Thermostability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nicotinamide Riboside Kinase 1 by WANG Yao, SHEN Taisong, LI Sichen, SHI Hongling, YAO Lunguang, TANG Cunduo

“…This study is expected to provide new ideas for improving the thermal stability of enzymes through rational design, and provide a new enzyme source for efficient and low-cost production of nicotinamide mononucleotide.…”
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Comparative analysis of selected methods of carbapenemase determination among clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae. by Agata Pruss, Alicja Skierska, Paweł Kwiatkowski, Helena Masiuk, Joanna Jursa-Kulesza, Stefania Giedrys-Kalemba, Iwona Bilska, Monika Sienkiewicz, Maria V Melnyk, Barbara Dołęgowska

“…Klebsiella pneumoniae is a typical opportunistic pathogen that exhibits multiple virulence factors and antibiotic resistance conditioning mechanisms. Carbapenemases are enzymes that help bacteria to exhibit the strongest resistance against antibiotics. …”
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Search for new antimicrobials against extended spectrum β-lactamase-positive Escherichia coli: Potential of fungi from the phylum Ascomycota by Walter Oliva Pinto Filho Segundo, Luciana Aires de Oliveira, Ana Cláudia Alves Cortez, Érica Simplício de Souza, Hagen Frickmann, João Vicente Braga de Souza

“…Some isolates of this species are capable of producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes, which mediate resistance against penicillin derivates and cephalosporins. …”
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Regulated Spatial Distribution of Cyclooxygenases and Lipoxygenases in Crohn's Ulcer by Yao Mao, Jian'an Ren, Jieshou Li

“…Results. (1) The spatial distribution of the three leading enzymes in arachidonic acid pathway—cyclooxygenase 2, 5-lipoxygenase, and 15-lipoxygenase-1—followed sequential arrangement in Crohn's ulcer: neutrophils highly expressing 5-lipoxygenase were in the utmost surface which bordered the band of cyclooxygenase-2 expression that is located just beneath it, and in the lower layers and below the granulation region were eosinophils carrying 15-lipoxygeanse-1. (2) Cyclooxygenase-2 and 15-Lipoxygenase-1-positive cells formed two barrier-like structures that possibly inhibited neutrophil infiltration. …”
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Effect of Addition of Taurine on the Liquid Storage (5°C) of Mithun (Bos frontalis) Semen by P. Perumal, Kezhavituo Vupru, C. Rajkhowa

“…It was concluded that the possible protective effects of taurine on sperm parameters are from enhancing the function of antioxidant enzymes, preventing efflux of cholesterol from cell membranes and decreased MDA production.…”
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A Novel Paramagnetic Substrate for Detecting Myeloperoxidase Activity in Vivo by Mohammed S. Shazeeb, Yang Xie, Suresh Gupta, Alexei A. Bogdanov

“…Characterization of the resulting probe (bis-HTrp-DTPA(Gd)) in vitro using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and enzyme kinetic analysis showed that bis-HTrp-DTPA(Gd) (1) improves solubility in water; (2) acts as a substrate for both horseradish peroxidase and MPO enzymes; (3) induces cross-linking of proteins in the presence of MPO; (4) produces oxidation products, which bind to plasma proteins; and (5) unlike bis-5HT-DTPA(Gd), does not follow first-order reaction kinetics. …”
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