Photosynthetic performance and carbon metabolism in the ear organs of oats under drought stress by Jiaqi Fang, Yuan Zhan, Baowen Zhao, Yan Zhao, Youjun Chen, Qingping Zhou, Hui Wang

“…Paraffin cross-section structures were observed, and the absolute water content, photosynthetic enzyme activities, carbohydrate content, dry matter weight, and total C and total N accumulation were determined in the glumes, lemmas and flag leaves. …”
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Coproantigen detection and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium species among newborn and adult farm animals by Dina Aboelsoued, Nagwa I. Toaleb, Kadria N. Abdel Megeed

“…Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate an early diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis using the anti-Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst immunoglobulin IgG polyclonal antibodies (anti-C. parvum IgG PAbs)-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocyst antigens in fecal samples of farm animals in Egypt. …”
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Gap junction intercellular communications regulates activation of SARM1 and protects against axonal degeneration by Wen Jie Zhu, Jun Liu, Wan Hua Li, Zhi Ying Zhao, Chongquan Huang, Jian Yuan Yang, Hon Cheung Lee, Yong Juan Zhao

“…Abstract Sterile alpha and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor motif containing 1 (SARM1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-utilizing enzyme, mediates axon degeneration (AxD) in various neurodegenerative diseases. …”
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Effects of hypoxia on the heart of the juvenile four-finger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) based on physiological indicators and transcriptome analysis by Yi Lu, Eric Amenyogbe, Ye- Yang, Zhong-liang Wang, Zhong-liang Wang, Zhong-liang Wang, Jing-hui Jin, Rui-tao Xie, Eric Kwabena Droepenu, Jian-sheng Huang, Jian-sheng Huang, Jian-sheng Huang

“…Hypoxia significantly increased serum myocardial enzyme activities, including creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HDBH). …”
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Dynamics of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex revealed by in-situ structural analysis by Chen Wang, Cheng Ma, Yuanyou Xu, Shenghai Chang, Hangjun Wu, Chunlan Yan, Jinghua Chen, Yongping Wu, Shaoya An, Jiaqi Xu, Qin Han, Yujie Jiang, Zhinong Jiang, Xiakun Chu, Haichun Gao, Xing Zhang, Yunjie Chang

“…Abstract The multi-enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle and plays vital roles in metabolism, energy production, and cellular signaling. …”
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Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Isoforms Differ within the Aortic Wall of Ascending Aortic Aneurysms Associated with Bicuspid Aortic Valve by Ramona Schmitt, Anke Tscheuschler, Philipp Laschinski, Philipp Discher, Jana Fuchs, Fabian A. Kari

“…We therefore analyzed aTAA tissue levels of MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) isoforms (Pro-MMP-2, active MMP-2, and total MMP-2) and tissue levels of MMP-14, TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2), MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in 19 patients with BAV and 23 patients with TAV via gelatin zymography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. …”
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IFN-γ/TNF-α Synergism Induces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production by In Vitro Canine Keratinocytes by Kyungsook Jung, Ji-Yeong Ku, Je-Seong Kwon, Gayeon Won, Hakyoung Yoon, Sang-Ik Oh, Mi Hye Kim, Chongchan Kim, Ji-Seon Yoon

“…Culture supernatants were analyzed for cytokine concentration, including chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8, IL-10, IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-12, and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CPEKs incubated with the IFN-γ/TNF-α mixture showed significantly increased IL-6 concentration. …”
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Occurrence of Aflatoxin M₁ in Raw and Processed Milk: A Contribution to Human Exposure Assessment After 12 Years of Investigation by Simona Summa, Sonia Lo Magro, Valeria Vita, Cinzia Franchino, Valentina Scopece, Pasqualino D’Antini, Marco Iammarino, Rita De Pace, Marilena Muscarella

“…A total of 1017 milk samples were analyzed first proceeding with screening analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and suspected non-compliant samples (AFM₁ concentration higher than 0.042 µg/kg) were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographic with fluorimetric detection (HPLC/FLD) confirmation method. …”
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Enhancing phosphorus availability and dynamics in acidic soils through Rice straw biochar application: a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers by Wei He, Wei He, Wei He, Jun Zhang, Jun Zhang, Weichun Gao, Weichun Gao, Yifei Chen, Yifei Chen, Zheng Wei, Zheng Wei

“…The results indicate that biochar significantly increased phosphorus availability, enhanced soil enzyme activity, and boosted microbial phosphorus content, especially in the phosphorus-deficient red soil. …”
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Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Mass Level Is Increased in Elderly Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by J. Fortunato, V. Bláha, J. Bis, J. Št’ásek, C. Andrýs, J. Vojáček, B. Jurašková, L. Sobotka, P. Polanský, M. Brtko

“…Lp-PLA2 mass was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (USCN Life Science, China) before and 3 days after the procedure. …”
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Population Structure Based on Microsatellite Length Polymorphism, Antifungal Susceptibility Profile, and Enzymatic Activity of <i>Candida auris</i> Clinical Isolates in Russia by Ellina Oganesyan, Victoria Klimenteva, Irina Vybornova, Valentina Venchakova, Ekaterina Parshikova, Sergey Kovyrshin, Olga Orlova, Alexander Kruglov, Svetlana Gordeeva, Natalya Vasilyeva, Anastasiya Taraskina

“…Antifungal susceptibility was tested using Sensititre™ YeastOne™ plates, and hydrolytic enzyme production was measured by the plate method. …”
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Short-Term Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors α and γ Induces Tissue-Specific Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Fatty Acid Composition in Male Wistar Rats by Elin Strand, Vegard Lysne, Mari Lausund Grinna, Pavol Bohov, Asbjørn Svardal, Ottar Nygård, Rolf K. Berge, Bodil Bjørndal

“…Lipids and FA methyl esters were measured in plasma, liver, and heart and gene expression was measured in liver and adipose tissue, while enzyme activities were measured in liver. Treatment with the PPARα agonist was associated with higher liver mass relative to body weight (liver index), lower plasma, and hepatic total cholesterol, as well as lower plasma carnitine and acylcarnitines, compared with control. …”
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Inhaled [D-Ala2]-Dynorphin 1-6 Prevents Hyperacetylation and Release of High Mobility Group Box 1 in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury by Vladislav N. Karkischenko, Veronika I. Skvortsova, Melik T. Gasanov, Yuriy V. Fokin, Maxim S. Nesterov, Nataliya V. Petrova, Oxana V. Alimkina, Igor A. Pomytkin

“…The mechanism of action involves preventing HMGB1’s hyperacetylation at critical lysine residues within nuclear localization sites, as well as promoting the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an enzyme known to deacetylate HMGB1. Leytragin’s effects are mediated by opioid receptors, since naloxone, an antagonist of opioid receptors, abrogates the leytragin effect on SIRT1 expression. …”
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Colostrum-Derived Melatonin Plus PEG Microspheres Modulate the Oxidative Metabolism of Human Colostrum Phagocytes by Caroline G. Silva, Viviane F. Luz, Victor L. Nunes, Ana B. M. Verzoto, Aron C. de M. Cotrim, Wagner B. dos Santos, Eduardo L. França, Adenilda C. Honorio-França

“…Oxidative metabolism was assessed by measuring the release of the superoxide anion and superoxide enzymes. A control was conducted using commercial melatonin. …”
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Harnessing the potential of chloroplast-derived expression elements for enhanced production of cellulases in Escherichia coli by Ayesha Siddiqui, Muhammad Mudassar Iqbal, Asad Ali, Iqra Fatima, Hazrat Ali, Aamir Shehzad, Sameer H. Qari, Ghulam Raza, Muhammad Aamer Mehmood, Peter J. Nixon, Niaz Ahmad

“…Furthermore, the activity assays confirmed that the recombinant enzymes maintained their activity at elevated temperatures. …”
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Genetic Deletion and Pharmacological Inhibition of PI3Kγ Reduces Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation and Lung Damage in Mice with Cystic Fibrosis-Like Lung Disease by Maria Galluzzo, Elisa Ciraolo, Monica Lucattelli, Eriola Hoxha, Martina Ulrich, Carlo Cosimo Campa, Giuseppe Lungarella, Gerd Doring, Zhe Zhou-Suckow, Marcus Mall, Emilio Hirsch, Virginia De Rose

“…Treatment with the PI3Kγ inhibitor AS-605240 decreased the number of neutrophils in BALF of βENaC-Tg mice, reproducing the effect observed with genetic deletion of the enzyme. Conclusions. These results demonstrate the biological efficacy of both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ in reducing chronic neutrophilic inflammation in CF-like lung disease in vivo.…”
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Fisiologi dan Gangguan Keseimbangan Natrium, Kalium dan Klorida serta Pemeriksaan Laboratorium by Rismawati Yaswir, Ira Ferawati

“…Hipo- happened when the electrolyte concentration in body go down more than some<br />miliekuivalen under normal values and hyper- when the concentration of mounting above normal.Laboratory<br />findings to determine concentration of natrium, chloride and potassium are with ion selective electrode (ISE)<br />method, flame emission spectrophotometry (FES), atomic absorption spectrophotometry, spektrofotometry<br />pursuant to enzyme activation, determine concentration of chloride with titration method of merkurimeter, and with<br />titration method of colorimetry-amperometry.…”
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Dual Role of &alpha;-MSH in Colitis Progression: Mediating Neutrophil Differentiation via Bone Marrow by Liao X, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang W, Dai Q, Wei H, Zhou J, Xie X, Zhou H

“…This study aims to investigate the alterations in the HPA and its potential roles during IBD development.Methods: We utilized a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model in mice and employed immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), among other techniques, to evaluate the impact of colitis on the HPA. …”
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The prognostic role of vasculoendothelial growth factor A in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction during 6-months follow-up period by N.P. Kopytsya, I.M. Кutya, I.V. Rodionova, Ya.V. Hilova

“…The level of VEGF-A was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Blood for determining VEGF-A was taken on the 5-7th day of the disease. …”
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Vitamin D3/VDR alleviates double-stranded RNA virus -induced biliary epithelial cell damage by inhibiting autophagy by Na Liu, Pu Zhao, Ping Cao, JunPeng Hui, YongKang Pan, Jiwen Cheng

“…The secretory levels of inflammatory factors were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A BA mouse model was established through the intraperitoneal sequential injection of rhesus rotavirus (RRV). …”
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