Simultaneous exposure to microplastics and heavy metal lead induces oxidative stress, histopathological damage, and immune dysfunction in marine mussel Mytilus coruscus by Chuanyue Chen, Xueer Wang, Yingrong Jin, Yinchang Yao, Suchang Li, Zhi Liao, Xiaolin Zhang, Xiaojun Yan

“…In addition, co-exposure induced a higher level of oxidative stress, which was reflected by an increase in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content, and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity. Meanwhile, co-exposure poses a significant threat to the immune function of the mussels, as evidenced by induction of hemocytes to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), significantly reducing lysosome activity (p < 0.05), inhibiting the expression of autophagy-related genes, and inducing the expression of apoptosis-related genes, resulting in hemocyte apoptosis. …”
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Mechanism of action of Xipayimaizibizi oral liquid on outlet obstruction-induced overactive bladder: An integrated study by Menglu Wang, Yang Yang, Yuhang Du, Jiamei Xie, Yige Zhao, Yongcheng An, Ziyi Shan, Shenyujun Wang, Meng Hao, Baosheng Zhao

“…Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichome staining were used to observe changes in the bladder structure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and acetylcholine in the urine. …”
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Molecular-genetic bases of plumage coloring in chicken by A. V. Makarova, O. V. Mitrofanova, A. B. Vakhrameev, N. V. Dementeva

“…The biosynthesis and types of melanin are affected by the activity of the enzyme tyrosine, and mutations in the tyrosinase gene (TYR) cause albinism in different species. …”
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Evaluation of IgG binding capability to SARS-CoV-2 variants in early COVID-19 convalescent sera using an indirect ELISA by Behzad Hussain, Peizhe Zhao, Yu Liu, Bo Yang, Xiaoxiong Li, Zhichao Zhang, Guoqiang Feng, Demei Zhang, Defen Lu, Wu Changxin

“…Hence, in this study, RBD of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Kappa and Omicron BA.1 and full-length spike of BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4/5, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 Omicron variants were used as coating antigens in an indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to check the IgG binding capability to the COVID-19 convalescent sera from patients of first wave of infection occurring in Wuhan. …”
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Increased Kappa/Lambda Hybrid Antibody in Serum Is a Novel Biomarker Related to Disease Activity and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Lang Yi, Mingju Hao, Tian Lu, Guigao Lin, Lida Chen, Ming Gao, Gaowei Fan, Dong Zhang, Guojing Wang, Xin Yang, Yulong Li, Kuo Zhang, Rui Zhang, Yanxi Han, Lunan Wang, Jinming Li

“…Here, we developed a double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system to quantify relative serum κ/λ hybrid antibody levels in RA patients, osteoarthritis (OA) patients, and healthy controls (HC) in order to assess their potential use as a serological biomarker of early disease and clinical activity and to preliminarily investigate their immunomodulatory roles in RA. …”
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Effects of early neonatal proinflammatory stress on the expression of BDNF transcripts in the brain regions of prepubertal male rats by D. I. Peregud, S. V. Freiman, A. O. Tishkina, L. S. Sokhranyaeva, N. A. Lazareva, M. V. Onufriev, M. Y. Stepanichev, N. V. Gulyaeva

“…BDNF polypeptide concentration was estimated by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while quantitative polymerase chain reaction followed by reverse transcription was used to detect exon-specific BDNF mRNA expression. …”
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Role of Inhibin B and Ratio of Luteinizing: Follicle-Stimulating Hormones in Phenotyping Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome by Zainab G. Falh, Basil O. Saleh, Afraa M. Al Naddawi, Ghada Mohammed

“…Investigations included serum levels of inhibin B using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique, follicle Stimulating Hormone, luteinizing Hormone and prolactin using Tosoh AIA-2000 Automated Immunoassay, to calculate the LH/FSH ratio. …”
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Liraglutide Enhances the Activity of the ACE-2/Ang(1–7)/Mas Receptor Pathway in Lungs of Male Pups from Food-Restricted Mothers and Prevents the Reduction of SP-A by J. Fandiño, A. A. Vaz, L. Toba, M. Romaní-Pérez, L. González-Matías, F. Mallo, Y. Diz-Chaves

“…Moreover, liraglutide modulated different elements of RAS, increasing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and MasR mRNA expression only in pups from food-restricted mothers (MPFR), despite food restriction had not any direct effect at this early stage. …”
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Regulatory Effect of Iguratimod on the Balance of Th Subsets and Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis by Yunzhi Xu, Qi Zhu, Jinglve Song, Hongli Liu, Yutong Miao, Fan Yang, Feiyan Wang, Wenjing Cheng, Yebin Xi, Xiaoyin Niu, Dongyi He, Guangjie Chen

“…Frequencies of Th1, Th17, Tfh, and Treg were quantified using flow cytometry, and serum cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA expression of cytokines and transcriptional factor were quantified by RT-PCR. …”
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The proneural transcription factor Atoh1 promotes odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) by Camila Sabatini, Huey-Jiun Lin, Galib Ovik, Richard Hall, Techung Lee

“…The odontogenic phenotype is associated with metabolic remodeling marked by enhanced glycolytic flux and attenuated mitochondrial metabolic enzyme activities. Conclusions Atoh1, despite being a proneural transcription factor in development, possesses a novel odontogenic function upon ectopic expression in DPSCs. …”
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Phytocompounds from Indonesia Medicinal Herbs as Potential Apelin Receptor Agonist for Heart Failure Therapy: An In-silico Approach by Muhamad Rizqy Fadhillah, Wawaimuli Arozal, Muhammad Habiburrahman, Somasundaram Arumugam, Heri Wibowo, Suci Widya Primadhani, Aryo Tedjo, Surya Dwira, Nurul Gusti Khatimah

“…Gambogic acid demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties: good bioavailability, minimal blood-brain barrier penetration, no cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme interactions, and low toxicity. The study concluded that all five selected compounds exhibited strong interactions and bioactivity as APR agonists, supporting the need for further validation through in-vitro studies.…”
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Analysis of Mannose‐Binding Lectin Protein and mRNA Levels on Selected Chicken Breeds in South Africa by Peter Ayodeji Idowu, Takalani J. Mpofu, Oliver T. Zishiri, Khathutshelo A. Nephawe, Bohani Mtileni

“…Methods Forty‐five blood samples from three indigenous chicken breeds, Ovambo (OV = 9), Venda (VD = 9) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK = 9), and two exotic chicken breeds, Rhode Island Red (RIR = 9) and Lohmann Brown (LB = 9), were used for MBL protein concentration using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. …”
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Activated Growth Factor From Platelets as Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Through Antioxidant-Oxidative Stress Pathway by Amin R, Hidayat R, Maritska Z, Putri TW

“…Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was assessed using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). In vivo, diabetic retinopathy rat models were induced by streptozotocin injection and were evaluated by retinal funduscopy.Results: The mean diameter of the retinal artery was significantly reduced when activated growth factor with transforming growth factor-β concentration of 10 ng/mL or 100 ng/mL was administered (p< 0.05). …”
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Propionate metabolism in a human pathogenic fungus: proteomic and biochemical analyses by Luiz Paulo Araújo Santos, Leandro do Prado Assunção, Patrícia de Souza Lima, Gabriel Brum Tristão, Matthias Brock, Clayton Luiz Borges, Mirelle Garcia Silva-Bailão, Célia Maria de Almeida Soares, Alexandre Melo Bailão

“…Biochemical characterization of MCS showed that the enzyme is regulated by phosphorylation, an event not yet described. …”
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Phenolic Compounds from Water-Ethanol Extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera Produced in Cameroon, as Potential Protectors against In Vivo CCl4-Induced Liver Injuries by Peter William Kemewele Saague, Bruno Moukette Moukette, Jacques Romain Njimou, Prosper Cabral Nya Biapa, Francine Nzufo Tankeu, Vicky Joseline Ama Moor, Constant Anatole Pieme, Jeanne Yonkeu Ngogang

“…In rats treated with the extract of T. tetraptera, in a dose-dependent manner, the levels of hepatotoxicity markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased while the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the level of reduced glutathione (GHS) significantly increased compared to the control group. …”
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The symbiont Wolbachia increases resistance to bifenthrin in Ectropis grisescens by regulating the host detoxification function by Tian Gao, Yong Zhang, Wanpeng Sun, Qiangkun Li, Xueyu Huang, Dian Zhi, Huabin Zi, Ruijie Ji, Yanhua Long, Chunmei Gong, Yunqiu Yang

“…Comparative analysis revealed that the LC50 value, survival rate, P450 enzyme activity, and relative content of Wolbachia in the E. grisescens population treated with 300 μg ml−1 tetracycline were notably lower than those treated with other antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, and streptomycin). …”
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In vitro gastrointestinal digestion simulation screening of novel ACEI peptides from broccoli: mechanism in high glucose-induced VSMCs dysfunction by Shuzhi Zhang, Jingjing Guo, Shikun Suo, Li Ju, Zhaoqiang Jiang, Pingshuan Dong, Yanli Wang, Yali Dang, Laijing Du

“…Many natural angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) peptides have been widely studied. …”
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GGCX promotes Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus adaption to interspecies receptor binding by Jiahui Zou, Meijun Jiang, Rong Xiao, Huimin Sun, Hailong Liu, Thomas Peacock, Shaoyu Tu, Tong Chen, Jinli Guo, Yaxin Zhao, Wendy Barclay, Shengsong Xie, Hongbo Zhou

“…In this study, we conduct a comprehensive genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen utilizing EA H1N1 SIV in porcine kidney cells. Knocking out the enzyme gamma glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) reduces virus replication in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the carboxylation modification of viral haemagglutinin (HA) and the adhesion of progeny viruses, ultimately impeding the replication of EA H1N1 SIV. …”
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The Mycobacterium ulcerans toxin mycolactone causes destructive Sec61-dependent loss of the endothelial glycocalyx and vessel basement membrane to drive skin necrosis by Louise Tzung-Harn Hsieh, Belinda S Hall, Jane Newcombe, Tom A Mendum, Sonia Santana Varela, Yagnesh Umrania, Michael J Deery, Wei Q Shi, Josué Diaz-Delgado, Francisco J Salguero, Rachel E Simmonds

“…Unbiased quantitative proteomics identified a profound effect on proteoglycans, driven by rapid loss of type II transmembrane proteins of the Golgi, including enzymes required for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, combined with a reduction in the core proteins themselves. …”
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Beneficial Effects of Apple Vinegar on Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Hypercaloric-Fed Rats by Driss Ousaaid, Hassan Laaroussi, Meryem Bakour, Asmae ElGhouizi, Abderrazak Aboulghazi, Badiaa Lyoussi, Ilham ElArabi

“…The treatment during five weeks with D-glucose leads to increased plasma glucose, lipid profile, hepatic enzyme levels, urea, and creatinine. Simultaneous treatment with apple vinegar improves the parameters studied. …”
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