Updated Nematocyst Types in Tentacle of Venomous Box Jellyfish, <i>Chironex indrasaksajiae</i> _{(Sucharitakul, 2017)} and <i>Chiropsoides buitendijki</i> <sub>(Horst, 1907... by Thippawan Yasanga, Klintean Wunnapuk, Rochana Phuackchantuck, Lakkana Thaikruea, Thunyaporn Achalawitkun, Purinat Rungraung, Sineenart Santidherakul

“…They are responsible for numerous envenomations through their stinging organelles, nematocysts. …”
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CCL-2 and CXCL-8: Potential Prognostic Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury after a Bothrops atrox Snakebite by Juliana Costa Ferreira Neves, Hiochelson Najibe Santos Ibiapina, Fábio Magalhães-Gama, Jacqueline Almeida Gonçalves Sachett, Iran Mendonça Silva, Kerolaine Fonseca Coelho, Eliane Campos Alves, Andréa Monteiro Tarragô, Luiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira, Adriana Malheiro, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Allyson Guimarães Costa

“…Thus, these chemokines may be related to the initiation and extension of AKI after envenomation by Bothrops and present themselves as two potential biomarkers of AKI at T0.…”
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A rare case of acute myocardial infarction with heart failure following hump-nosed viper bite in a Sri Lankan female by W. M. D. A. S. Wanninayake, Tilan Aponso, Manohari Seneviratne, Dhanapala Dissanayake

“…Previously, we knew them to be moderately venomous snakes, primarily causing local envenomation. However, recent reports have indicated severe systemic envenomation incidents, which include hemostatic dysfunction, microangiopathic hemolysis, kidney injury, myocardial toxicity, and even death. …”
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The venom of South American rattlesnakes inhibits macrophage functions and is endowed with anti-inflammatory properties by Maria C. C. de Sousa e Silva, Luis R. C. Gonçalves, Mario Mariano

“…This down-regulatory activity of the venom on macrophage functions could account for the mild inflammatory response observed in the site of the snake bite in Crotalus durissus terrificus envenomation in man.…”
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Increments in cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in skeletal muscle after injection of tissue-damaging toxins from the venom of the snake Bothrops asper by Alexandra Rucavado, Teresa Escalante, Catarina F. P. Teixeira, Cristina María Fernándes, Cecilia Díaz, José María Gutiérrez

“…Envenomations by the snake Bothrops asper are characterized by prominent local tissue damage (i.e. myonecrosis), blistering, hemorrhage and edema. …”
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Plants Used in Antivenom Therapy in Rural Kenya: Ethnobotany and Future Perspectives by Timothy Omara

“…Snake envenomation is one of the neglected tropical diseases which has left an intolerable death toll and severe socioeconomic losses in Kenya. …”
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Ethno-Botanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Snakebites in Engali Sub-County Kazo District. by Bogere, Mohammed

“…With over 80% of Ugandans engaged in agriculture and residing in rural areas, they are highly susceptible to snakebite envenomation, particularly while farming or grazing livestock. …”
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Cardiogenic Shock due to Kounis Syndrome following Cobra Bite by W. D. D. Priyankara, E. M. Manoj, A. Gunapala, A. G. R. M. A. Ranaweera, K. S. Vithanage, M. Sivasubramanium, E. Snajeeva

“…Identification of the cause of myocardial infarction in snake envenomation is useful in the management as some of the drugs like adrenaline, morphine, and beta blockers may worsen the clinical syndrome if it is due to Kounis syndrome.…”
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Case report: Surgical closure of a facial defect in an African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) utilizing a transpositional skin flap by Armen M. Brus, Armen M. Brus, Maureen Spinner, Tess Rooney, Tess Rooney, Tess Rooney, Kimberly A. Thompson, Kimberly A. Thompson

“…The absence of deep bacteria on histopathologic evaluation and a negative bacterial culture was suggestive of envenomation. The resultant open wound was managed every other day with debridement and topical manuka honey covered with a tie-over bandage. …”
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Mapping evidence on the regulations affecting accessibility, availability and management of snake antivenom globally: a scoping review protocol by Kabelo Kgarosi, Ramsha Majeed, Janette Bester, Morné Strydom

“…Introduction Snakebite envenomation has been declared a neglected tropical disease by the WHO since 2017. …”
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Loxoscelism: Cutaneous and Hematologic Manifestations by Ngan Nguyen, Manjari Pandey

“…Brown recluse spider (BRS) envenomation can lead to significant morbidity through severe local reaction and systemic illness including acute hemolytic anemia, rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and even death. …”
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Bothrops asper snake venom and its metalloproteinase BaP–1 activate the complement system. Role in leucocyte recruitment by Sandra H. P. Farsky, Luís Roberto C. Gonçalves, José M. Gutiérrez, Adriana P. Correa, Alexandra Rucavado, Philippe Gasque, Denise V. Tambourgi

“…These data show the role of the complement system in bothropic envenomation and the participation of metalloproteinase in the effect. …”
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First Look at the Venoms of Two <i>Sinomicrurus</i> Snakes: Differences in Yield, Proteomic Profiles, and Immunorecognition by Commercial Antivenoms by Xiang-Yu Li, Ya-Qi Zhang, Xin-Ru Qian, Hong-Yan Zhao, Hong-Liang Lu, Jian-Fang Gao

“…We suggest screening or preparing specific antivenoms with high efficiency for the clinical treatment of envenomation caused by these snakes.…”
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Crotalus durissus ruruima Snake Venom and a Phospholipase A2 Isolated from This Venom Elicit Macrophages to Form Lipid Droplets and Synthesize Inflammatory Lipid Mediators by Ana Eduarda Zulim de Carvalho, Karina Giannotti, Elbio Leiguez Junior, Márcio Matsubara, Maria Cristina Dos Santos, Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias, Catarina Teixeira

“…These results evidence, for the first time, the ability of a whole snake venom to induce formation of LDs and the potential role of these organelles for the production of inflammatory mediators during envenomation by Crotalus snakes.…”
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Comparative Analysis of the Enzymatic, Coagulant, and Neuromuscular Activities of Two Variants of <i>Crotalus durissus ruruima</i> Venom and Antivenom Efficacy by Poliana J. Demico, Isabele N. Oliveira, Vitória S. Proença-Hirata, Samuel R. Dias, Hugo A. Ghirotti, Elisangela O. Silva, Inês C. Giometti, Francis L. Pacagnelli, Kristian A. Torres-Bonilla, Stephen Hyslop, Nathália C. Galizio, Karen de Morais-Zani, Manuela B. Pucca, Anderson M. Rocha, Jéssica B. Maciel, Marco A. Sartim, Wuelton M. Monteiro, Rafael S. Floriano

“…Some of these differences could influence the clinical manifestations of envenomation by <i>C. d. ruruima</i> and their neutralization by the currently used therapeutic antivenom.…”
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