Levofloxacin-induced visual hallucinations: A case report and review of the literature by Valentina Raffaelli, Giulia Cantoni, Gabriella Nucera, Pietro Marino

“…Hence, psychiatric and neurological examinations excluded delirium, encephalitis, meningitis, structural neurological lesions. …”
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Neurosarcoidosis Presentation as Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus Secondary to a Pituitary Stalk Lesion and Association with Anti-NMDA Receptor Antibodies by Jose Gabriel Solis, Arturo Olascoaga Lugo, Marco Antonio Rodríguez Florido, Bayron Alexander Sandoval Bonilla, Jose Malagón Rangel

“…Hence, we report the case of a 22-year-old woman with encephalitis, a pituitary mass, and adipsic diabetes insipidus. …”
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Intrathecal Immunoglobulin A Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis: From Biological Aspects to Clinical Relevance by Dariia Kliushnikova, Ferdinand Otto, Georg Pilz, Peter Wipfler, Andrea Harrer

“…Recent observations, however, highlight the migration of immune regulatory IgA-producing plasma cells from the gut to the central nervous system (CNS) in experimental autoimmune encephalitis models. A connection between intrathecal IgA synthesis and the gut–brain axis in MS was further corroborated by the discovery of gut microbiota-specific IgA+ B cells in human CNS during relapse. …”
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Antisecretory factor in severe traumatic brain injury (AFISTBI): protocol for an exploratory randomized placebo-controlled trial by Linus Réen, David Cederberg, Niklas Marklund, Edward Visse, Peter Siesjö

“…Antisecretory factor (AF), commercially available as Salovum®, has been shown to lower intracranial pressure (ICP) in experimental models of, e.g., TBI and herpes encephalitis. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of antisecretory factors in adult patients with severe TBI on ICP and inflammatory mediators in extracellular fluid and plasma. …”
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An MR Brain Images Classifier System via Particle Swarm Optimization and Kernel Support Vector Machine by Yudong Zhang, Shuihua Wang, Genlin Ji, Zhengchao Dong

“…The abnormal brain MR images consist of the following diseases: glioma, metastatic adenocarcinoma, metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma, meningioma, sarcoma, Alzheimer, Huntington, motor neuron disease, cerebral calcinosis, Pick’s disease, Alzheimer plus visual agnosia, multiple sclerosis, AIDS dementia, Lyme encephalopathy, herpes encephalitis, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, and cerebral toxoplasmosis. …”
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Case report: From misdiagnosis to timely detection: a clinical and imaging guide to neurological presentations of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma—insights from six cases by Chunxiao Yang, Zihua Gong, Tao Wang, Huijuan Yuan, Weinan Na, Wei Xie, Shengyuan Yu

“…However, the overlap of clinical and auxiliary examination findings with those of various neurological entities—such as cerebral infarction, demyelination, viral encephalitis, and peripheral neuropathy—often results in diagnostic misattribution.Case presentationWe delineate six pathologically-confirmed DLBCL cases, each heralded by neurological deficits, including limb paresis, sensory loss, vertigo, seizure activity, and aphasia. …”
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Neutralizing antibody landscape of the non-polio Enteroviruses and future strategy by Hongye Wang, Wenbing Zhu, Ya Li, Ming Sun

“…The non-polio Enteroviruses (NPEVs), consist of enteroviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and rhinoviruses, are causative agents for a wide variety of diseases, ranging from common cold to encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). In recent years, several NPEVs have become serious public health threats, include EV-A71, which has caused epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HMFD) in Southeast Asia, and EV-D68, which caused outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in children worldwide. …”
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Eilat virus isolated from Culex univittatus mosquitoes from the Namibian Zambezi Region influences in vitro superinfection with alpha- and flaviviruses in a virus-species-dependent... by Heiko D Guggemos, Anne Kopp, Katrin Voigt, Matthias Fendt, Selina L Graff, John K E Mfune, Christian Borgemeister, Sandra Junglen

“…The genus Alphavirus harbors arboviruses of great concern, such as the Chikungunya virus and the equine encephalitis viruses. Transmission of pathogenic alphaviruses by mosquitoes could be influenced by insect-specific alphaviruses such as Eilat virus (EILV). …”
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β-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid as a potential biomarker for distinguishing human prion diseases from Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease by Bing Xu, Kang Xiao, Xiaoxi Jia, Rundong Cao, Donglin Liang, Ruhan A, Weiwei Zhang, Chunjie Li, Liping Gao, Cao Chen, Qi Shi, Xiaoping Dong

“…The diagnostic groups of the 223 patients with PrDs included sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (sCJD), genetic CJD (gCJD), fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS). 91 patients with non-PrDs comprised Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), viral encephalitis (VE) or autoimmune encephalitis (AE) were enrolled in the control groups. …”
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MOG associated autoimmune encephalomyelitis with active disease dynamic in imaging examinations and minimal clinical manifestation by E. Tilindytė, I. Muliuolis, R. Samaitienė

“…MOG spectrum disorders include the following pathologies: optic neuritis, myelitis, brain or brainstem encephalitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. …”
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The Dissemination of Rift Valley Fever Virus to the Eye and Sensory Neurons of Zebrafish Larvae Is Stat1-Dependent by Sebastiaan ter Horst, Aleksandra Siekierska, Ann-Sofie De Meulemeester, Arno Cuvry, Laura Cools, Johan Neyts, Peter de Witte, Joana Rocha-Pereira

“…The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) causes haemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and permanent blindness and has been listed by the WHO as a priority pathogen. …”
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Distribution and frequency of genetic mutations in three insecticide targets in field populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, China by Hongwei Xie, Meilin Tang, Hongying Sun, Zhengzheng Huang, Mengmeng Dong, Xianying Wen

“…Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an important mosquito borne infectious disease which is mainly transmitted by Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (1901) in China. …”
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Circulating Th17, Th22, and Th1 Cells Are Elevated in the Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Downregulated by IVIg Treatments by Shujuan Li, Tao Jin, Hong-Liang Zhang, Hong Yu, Fanhua Meng, Hernan Concha Quezada, Jie Zhu

“…Here, we detected the frequency of Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells by using 4-color flow cytometry and we detected the plasma levels of IL-17 and IL-22 by ELISA in GBS patients, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients at the acute phase of relapse, viral encephalitis or meningitis patients and healthy controls. …”
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Enzymatic synthesis of reactive RNA probes containing squaramate-linked cytidine or adenosine for bioconjugations and cross-linking with lysine-containing peptides and proteins by Ivana Ivancová, Tania Sánchez Quirante, Marek Ondruš, Radek Pohl, Marta Vlková, Eva Žilecká, Evžen Bouřa, Michal Hocek

“…Inhibition of RNA-depending RNA polymerases from Japanese Encephalitis virus was observed through formation of covalent cross-link which was partially identified by MS/MS analysis. …”
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Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders in the context of the SARS-COV-2 pandemic by R. Kaladytė Lokominienė

“… Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is able to invade the human nervous system and can cause headache, nausea, vomiting, febrile seizures, encephalopathy, encephalitis, ataxia or psychiatric disorders, as well as quantitative disturbances of smell and taste which are observed both during the course of Parkinson’s disease and other alpha-synucleinopathies, only in slowly progressive and irreversible manner. …”
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CD4 T-Cell-Independent Antibody Response Reduces Enterovirus 71 Lethality in Mice by Decreasing Tissue Viral Loads by Li-Chiu Wang, Chia-Min Kao, Pin Ling, Ih-Jen Su, Tung-Miao Chang, Shun-Hua Chen

“…Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has induced fatal encephalitis in hundreds of thousands of infants and young children in the Asia-Pacific region since the past decade. …”
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Improving clinical care of patients in Nipah outbreaks: moving beyond ‘compassionate use’ by Md Zakiul Hassan, Amanda Rojek, Piero Olliaro, Peter Horby

“…To improve NiVD care, we propose four key strategies: 1) Enhance early case detection, 2) optimize supportive care to improve outcomes and create a standard for future trials, 3) adopt a syndromic approach centered on encephalitis, and 4) explore innovative trial designs tailored to low case numbers as an alternative to ‘compassionate use’. …”
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Addressing challenges in vector control: a review of current strategies and the imperative for novel tools in India’s combat against vector-borne diseases by Kuldeep Singh, Amit Sharma, Manju Rahi, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, Gaurav Kumar, Rajendra Baharia, Sam Joy

“…Malaria, chikungunya, dengue, visceral leishmaniasis, lymphatic filariasis and Japanese encephalitis are among the public health concerns for India. …”
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Perturbations in gut microbiota composition in patients with autoimmune neurological diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Xiaolin Deng, Xiaolin Deng, Xue Gong, Xue Gong, Dong Zhou, Zhen Hong, Zhen Hong

“…A decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, was observed in individuals with autoimmune encephalitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, myasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis. …”
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An Unusual Presentation of Glandular Fever by Dominic Worku, Li Hui Chang, Ian Blyth

“…Common complications include but are not limited to hepatitis, splenomegaly, encephalitis, and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with evidence that Caucasian males and smokers are more likely to suffer severe disease. …”
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