Biological Effects of Culture Substrates on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Yohei Hayashi, Miho Kusuda Furue

“…Also, since naïve pluripotency has been widely recognized as an alternative pluripotent state of hPSCs, we discuss the possible effects of culture substrates and integrin signaling on naïve hPSCs based on the studies of mouse embryonic stem cells. Understanding the role of culture substrates in hPSC self-renewal and differentiation enables us to control hPSC behavior precisely and to establish scalable or microfabricated culture technologies for regenerative medicine and drug development.…”
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Cell Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury: Tumorigenicity of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells by Junhao Deng, Yiling Zhang, Yong Xie, Licheng Zhang, Peifu Tang

“…Neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) transplantation derived from fetal tissues or embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has demonstrated therapeutic effects via replacement of lost neurons and severed axons and creation of permissive microenvironment to promote repair of spinal cord and axon regeneration but causes ethnical concerns and immunological rejections as well. …”
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SHP2-Mediated Signal Networks in Stem Cell Homeostasis and Dysfunction by Chen Kan, Fan Yang, Siying Wang

“…Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells, play a central role in mammal organism development and homeostasis. …”
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Parthenogenesis and Human Assisted Reproduction by Adriana Bos-Mikich, Fabiana F. Bressan, Rafael R. Ruggeri, Yeda Watanabe, Flávio V. Meirelles

“…Parthenogenetic activation of human oocytes obtained from infertility treatments has gained new interest in recent years as an alternative approach to create embryos with no reproductive purpose for research in areas such as assisted reproduction technologies itself, somatic cell, and nuclear transfer experiments and for derivation of clinical grade pluripotent embryonic stem cells for regenerative medicine. Different activating methods have been tested on human and nonhuman oocytes, with varying degrees of success in terms of parthenote generation rates, embryo development stem cell derivation rates. …”
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Dual Inhibition of Activin/Nodal/TGF-β and BMP Signaling Pathways by SB431542 and Dorsomorphin Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells by Vedavathi Madhu, Abhijit S. Dighe, Quanjun Cui, D. Nicole Deal

“…We therefore sought to determine if a simple, one-step, and cost effective method, previously reported to induce neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced-pluripotent stem cells, can be applied to adult stem cells. …”
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Reprogramming of Mouse Calvarial Osteoblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Yinxiang Wang, Jessica Aijia Liu, Keith K. H. Leung, Mai Har Sham, Danny Chan, Kathryn S. E. Cheah, Martin Cheung

“…These osteoblast-derived iPS cells exhibited gene expression profiles akin to embryonic stem cells and were pluripotent as demonstrated by their ability to form teratomas comprising tissues from all germ layers and also contribute to tail tissue in chimera embryos. …”
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Oct4 Gene Expression in Primary Colorectal Cancer Promotes Liver Metastasis by Shiki Fujino, Norikatsu Miyoshi

“…The Oct4 gene plays an important role in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells and regulates stem cell pluripotency. …”
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Discovery of a Novel Long Noncoding RNA Lx8-SINE B2 as a Marker of Pluripotency by Fuquan Chen, Miao Zhang, Xiao Feng, Xiaomin Li, Haotian Sun, Xinyi Lu

“…Pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are marked by core transcription regulators such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. …”
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The Potential for Cellular Therapy Combined with Growth Factors in Spinal Cord Injury by Jack Rosner, Pablo Avalos, Frank Acosta, John Liu, Doniel Drazin

“…Research is being conducted in the following areas: pathophysiology, cellular therapies (Schwann cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells), growth factors (BDNF), inhibitory molecules (NG2, myelin protein), and combination therapies (cell grafts and neurotrophins, cotransplantation). …”
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Protocol for differentiating cardiomyocytes and generating engineered heart tissues from human feeder-free extended pluripotent stem cells by Zhongjun Wan, Shanshan Wen, Ran Zheng, Li Li, Wei Jiang, Donghui Zhang

“…We describe steps for converting human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs/iPSCs) into ffEPSCs, followed by their long-term maintenance, cryopreservation, seed preservation, and differentiation into cardiomyocytes. …”
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Estrogen-dependent activation of TRX2 reverses oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction associated with steatotic disease by Alfredo Smiriglia, Nicla Lorito, Marina Bacci, Angela Subbiani, Francesca Bonechi, Giuseppina Comito, Marta Anna Kowalik, Andrea Perra, Andrea Morandi

“…In this study, we utilized preclinical in vitro models—immortalized cell lines and hepatocyte-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells—exposed to clinically relevant steatotic-inducing agents. …”
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Temporal Requirements of cMyc Protein for Reprogramming Mouse Fibroblasts by Corey Heffernan, Huseyin Sumer, Luis F. Malaver-Ortega, Paul J. Verma

“…Exogenous expression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc forces mammalian somatic cells to adopt molecular and phenotypic characteristics of embryonic stem cells, commencing with the required suppression of lineage-associated genes (e.g., Thy1 in mouse). …”
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Generation Strategy and Epigenetic Mystery behind Reprogramming by Pengfei Ji, Sasicha Manupipatpong, Nina Xie, Yujing Li

“…Possessing the ability of self-renewal with immortalization and potential for differentiation into different cell types, stem cells, particularly embryonic stem cells (ESC), have attracted significant attention since their discovery. …”
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Differences in phenotypes of normal and malignant cells concerning chromosomal fragility and ganglioside expression by Iskra Sainova, Vera Kolyovska, Desislava Drenska, Dimitar Maslarov, Dimitrina Dimitrova-Dikanarova, Tzvetanka Markova

“…Additionally, the presence and expression of the tumor-suppressor gene HACE-1 in the genome of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and malignant human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, both containing an additional copy of this gene, inserted by transfection with appropriate recombinant DNA vectors containing a copy of the tumor-suppressor gene, were tested. …”
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PRMT7: A Pivotal Arginine Methyltransferase in Stem Cells and Development by Bingyuan Wang, Mingrui Zhang, Zhiguo Liu, Yulian Mu, Kui Li

“…It has been reported that PRMT7 is closely associated with embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, muscle stem cells, and human cancer stem cells. …”
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Photobiomodulation Can Enhance Stem Cell Viability in Cochlea with Auditory Neuropathy but Does Not Restore Hearing by So-Young Chang, Eunjeong Kim, Nathaniel T. Carpena, Jae-Hun Lee, Doo Hee Kim, Min Young Lee

“…In this study, the effect of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and photobiomodulation (PBM) combined treatment on auditory function and auditory nerve cells in a secondary neuropathy animal model was investigated. …”
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Evidence for Bone Marrow Adult Stem Cell Plasticity: Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, Negative Aspects, and Clinical Applications of Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Trans... by Ivana Catacchio, Simona Berardi, Antonia Reale, Annunziata De Luisi, Vito Racanelli, Angelo Vacca, Roberto Ria

“…In contrast to the pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) which are able to give rise to all cell types of the body, mammalian adult stem cells (ASCs) appeared to be more limited in their differentiation potential and to be committed to their tissue of origin. …”
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Hair Follicle Dermal Cells Support Expansion of Murine and Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Promote Haematopoiesis in Mouse Cultures by Jun Liu, Claire A. Higgins, Jenna C. Whitehouse, Susan J. Harris, Heather Crawford, Angela M. Christiano, Majlinda Lako, Nicholas Hole, Colin A. B. Jahoda

“…In view of their regulatory properties, in this study, we investigated the interaction between hair follicle dermal cells (DP and DS) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs); induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); and haematopoietic stem cells. …”
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MTFAP: a comprehensive platform for predicting and analyzing master transcription factors by Jianyuan Zhou, Haojie Yu, Chunhui Lou, Min Yang, Yanshang Li, Qian Yang, Shuhan Li, Chunwang Ji, Song Li, Shuang Wang, Haotian Cao, Xuecang Li, Lian Liu

“…Abstract Master transcription factors (MTFs) activate gene expression in pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by binding to enhancers and super-enhancers, which precisely control ESC fate. …”
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Human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived therapies for regeneration after central nervous system injury by Stephen Vidman, Yee Hang Ethan Ma, Nolan Fullenkamp, Giles W. Plant

“…Previous work has also demonstrated the ability of such cells to stimulate intrinsic growth programs in post-mitotic cells, such as neurons. While embryonic stem cells demonstrated great potential in treating central nervous system pathologies, ethical and technical concerns remained. …”
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