Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Cell Pluripotency, Differentiation, and Reprogramming by Androniki Kretsovali, Christiana Hadjimichael, Nikolaos Charmpilas

“…Under distinct developmental conditions, they can promote either self-renewal or differentiation of embryonic stem cells. In addition, they can promote directed differentiation of embryonic and tissue-specific stem cells along the neuronal, cardiomyocytic, and hepatic lineages. …”
Get full text

Bone Marrow Stem Cell as a Potential Treatment for Diabetes by Ming Li, Susumu Ikehara

“…Recently, research has focused on stem cells which can be classified into embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and tissue stem cells (TSCs) to generate functional β cells. …”
Get full text

New Turns for High Efficiency Knock-In of Large DNA in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Xiangjun He, Yin-Xiong Li, Bo Feng

“…Recent technological advances by a coupling CRISPR system with various DNA repair mechanisms have further opened up new opportunities to overcome existing challenges in knocking-in foreign DNA in human pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). …”
Get full text

Rcor2 Is Required for Somatic Differentiation and Represses Germline Cell Fate by Lijuan Pei, Hongjie Zhang, Meihui Zhang, Yixuan Wang, Ke Wei

“…We utilized a Rcor2-/- mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) line to investigate the role of Rcor2 in mESC differentiation. …”
Get full text

Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cells in Regeneration: Tissue Specificity and Regenerative Potential by Rokhsareh Rohban, Thomas Rudolf Pieber

“…The potential use of embryonic stem cells and invention of induced pluripotent stem cells raised hope for clinical regenerative purposes; however, the use of these interventions for regenerative therapy showed its dark side, as many health concerns and ethical issues arose in terms of using these cells in clinical applications. …”
Get full text

Long Noncoding RNA Regulation of Pluripotency by Alessandro Rosa, Monica Ballarino

“…As such, human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) and human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) provide a unique opportunity for studying the earliest steps of human embryogenesis and, at the same time, are of great therapeutic interest. …”
Get full text

Generation of live mice from haploid ESCs with germline-DMR deletions or switch by Yongjian Ma, Meng Yan, Zhenfei Xie, Hongling Zhang, Zhoujie Li, Yuanyuan Li, Suming Yang, Meiling Zhang, Wen Li, Jinsong Li

“…Here, we establish a stepwise system to reconstruct a development-related imprinting network, in which diploid embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived by fusing between parthenogenetic (PG)- and androgenetic (AG)-haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) with different DMR deletions (termed Ha-Ha-fusion system), followed by tetraploid complementation to produce all-haESC fetuses. …”
Get full text

Prospect of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Crest Stem Cells in Clinical Application by Qian Zhu, Qiqi Lu, Rong Gao, Tong Cao

“…As human pluripotent stem cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can serve as an unlimited cell source to generate NCSCs, hESC/hiPSC-derived NCSCs can be a valuable tool to study the underlying mechanisms of NCSC-associated diseases, which paves the way for future therapies for these abnormalities. …”
Get full text

Human epicardial organoids from pluripotent stem cells resemble fetal stage with potential cardiomyocyte- transdifferentiation by Fanwen Wang, Xinle Zou, Huilin Zheng, Tianci Kong, Duanqing Pei

“…Here we use a three-step manipulation of WNT signalling entwined with BMP and RA signalling for generating a self-organized epicardial organoid that highly express with epicardium makers WT1 and TCF21 from human embryonic stem cells. After 8-days treatment of TGF-beta following by bFGF, cells enter into epithelium-mesenchymal transition and give rise to smooth muscle cells. …”
Get full text

A biallelically active embryonic enhancer dictates GNAS imprinting through allele-specific conformations by Yorihiro Iwasaki, Monica Reyes, Harald Jüppner, Murat Bastepe

“…Here, we show that the STX16-ICR forms different chromatin conformations with each GNAS parental allele and enhances two GNAS promoters in human embryonic stem cells. When these cells differentiate toward proximal renal tubule cells, STX16-ICR loses its effect, accompanied by a transition to a somatic cell-specific GNAS imprinting status. …”
Get full text

Biological Effects of Culture Substrates on Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Yohei Hayashi, Miho Kusuda Furue

“…Also, since naïve pluripotency has been widely recognized as an alternative pluripotent state of hPSCs, we discuss the possible effects of culture substrates and integrin signaling on naïve hPSCs based on the studies of mouse embryonic stem cells. Understanding the role of culture substrates in hPSC self-renewal and differentiation enables us to control hPSC behavior precisely and to establish scalable or microfabricated culture technologies for regenerative medicine and drug development.…”
Get full text

Cell Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury: Tumorigenicity of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells by Junhao Deng, Yiling Zhang, Yong Xie, Licheng Zhang, Peifu Tang

“…Neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) transplantation derived from fetal tissues or embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has demonstrated therapeutic effects via replacement of lost neurons and severed axons and creation of permissive microenvironment to promote repair of spinal cord and axon regeneration but causes ethnical concerns and immunological rejections as well. …”
Get full text

SHP2-Mediated Signal Networks in Stem Cell Homeostasis and Dysfunction by Chen Kan, Fan Yang, Siying Wang

“…Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells, play a central role in mammal organism development and homeostasis. …”
Get full text

Parthenogenesis and Human Assisted Reproduction by Adriana Bos-Mikich, Fabiana F. Bressan, Rafael R. Ruggeri, Yeda Watanabe, Flávio V. Meirelles

“…Parthenogenetic activation of human oocytes obtained from infertility treatments has gained new interest in recent years as an alternative approach to create embryos with no reproductive purpose for research in areas such as assisted reproduction technologies itself, somatic cell, and nuclear transfer experiments and for derivation of clinical grade pluripotent embryonic stem cells for regenerative medicine. Different activating methods have been tested on human and nonhuman oocytes, with varying degrees of success in terms of parthenote generation rates, embryo development stem cell derivation rates. …”
Get full text

Dual Inhibition of Activin/Nodal/TGF-β and BMP Signaling Pathways by SB431542 and Dorsomorphin Induces Neuronal Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells by Vedavathi Madhu, Abhijit S. Dighe, Quanjun Cui, D. Nicole Deal

“…We therefore sought to determine if a simple, one-step, and cost effective method, previously reported to induce neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced-pluripotent stem cells, can be applied to adult stem cells. …”
Get full text

Reprogramming of Mouse Calvarial Osteoblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Yinxiang Wang, Jessica Aijia Liu, Keith K. H. Leung, Mai Har Sham, Danny Chan, Kathryn S. E. Cheah, Martin Cheung

“…These osteoblast-derived iPS cells exhibited gene expression profiles akin to embryonic stem cells and were pluripotent as demonstrated by their ability to form teratomas comprising tissues from all germ layers and also contribute to tail tissue in chimera embryos. …”
Get full text

Oct4 Gene Expression in Primary Colorectal Cancer Promotes Liver Metastasis by Shiki Fujino, Norikatsu Miyoshi

“…The Oct4 gene plays an important role in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells and regulates stem cell pluripotency. …”
Get full text

Discovery of a Novel Long Noncoding RNA Lx8-SINE B2 as a Marker of Pluripotency by Fuquan Chen, Miao Zhang, Xiao Feng, Xiaomin Li, Haotian Sun, Xinyi Lu

“…Pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are marked by core transcription regulators such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog. …”
Get full text

The Potential for Cellular Therapy Combined with Growth Factors in Spinal Cord Injury by Jack Rosner, Pablo Avalos, Frank Acosta, John Liu, Doniel Drazin

“…Research is being conducted in the following areas: pathophysiology, cellular therapies (Schwann cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells), growth factors (BDNF), inhibitory molecules (NG2, myelin protein), and combination therapies (cell grafts and neurotrophins, cotransplantation). …”
Get full text

Protocol for differentiating cardiomyocytes and generating engineered heart tissues from human feeder-free extended pluripotent stem cells by Zhongjun Wan, Shanshan Wen, Ran Zheng, Li Li, Wei Jiang, Donghui Zhang

“…We describe steps for converting human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (ESCs/iPSCs) into ffEPSCs, followed by their long-term maintenance, cryopreservation, seed preservation, and differentiation into cardiomyocytes. …”
Get full text