Fundamentals and applications of millimeter-wave and terahertz programmable metasurfaces by Xiaojian Fu, Peng Wang, Yujie Liu, Yuan Fu, Qingdong Cai, Yu Wang, Silei Yang, Tie Jun Cui

“…The emergence of metasurfaces, especially the digital coding metasurfaces and programmable metasurfaces, has provided powerful capabilities to control electromagnetic waves. Recently, with the progress of space-domain, time-domain, space-time-domain, and polarization-domain programmable metasurfaces, considerable new applications have been achieved, including new-architecture wireless communication transmitters, the integration of sensing and communications, simultaneous information and power transfers, and information encryption. …”
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Using light to image millimeter wave based on stacked meta-MEMS chip by Han Wang, Zhigang Wang, Cheng Gong, Xinyu Li, Tiansheng Cui, Huiqi Jiang, Minghui Deng, Bo Yan, Weiwei Liu

“…Abstract A stacked metamaterial MEMS (meta-MEMS) chip is proposed, which can perfectly absorb electromagnetic waves, convert them into mechanical energy, drive movement of the optical micro-reflectors array, and detect millimeter waves. …”
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A BP Neural Network Method for Grade Classification of Loose Damage in Semirigid Pavement Bases by Bei Zhang, Jianyang Liu, Yanhui Zhong, Xiaolong Li, Meimei Hao, Xiao Li, Xu Zhang, Xiaoliang Wang

“…The results show that the classification and recognition of simulated electromagnetic waves have an accuracy of over 90%; the classification and recognition of radar data from an actual project have a recognition accuracy of over 80%. …”
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An improved sparrow search algorithm with multi-strategy integration by Zongyao Wang, Qiyang Peng, Wei Rao, Dan Li

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Soft Metalens for Broadband Ultrasonic Focusing through Aberration Layers by Erqian Dong, Tianye Zhang, Jinhu Zhang, Xiaochun Su, Sichao Qu, Xin Ye, Zhanyuan Gao, Chengtian Gao, Jiangang Hui, Zhanxiang Wang, Nicholas X. Fang, Yu Zhang

“…Abstract Aberration layers (AL) often present significant energy transmission barriers in microwave engineering, electromagnetic waves, and medical ultrasound. However, achieving broadband ultrasonic focusing through aberration layers like the human skull using conventional materials such as metals and elastomers has proven challenging. …”
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Quantum state engineering and photon statistics at electromagnetic time interfaces by M. S. Mirmoosa, T. Setälä, A. Norrman

“…Modulating macroscopic parameters of materials in time offers innovative avenues for manipulating electromagnetic waves. Due to such enticing prospects, the general research subject of time-varying systems is expanding today in different branches of electromagnetism and optics. …”
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RIS-based indoor wireless communication signal enhancement system by Kui TANG, Qi HU, Junming ZHAO, Ke CHEN, Yijun FENG

“…By utilizing the tunable performances of the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) to manipulate the reflected electromagnetic waves, an indoor wireless communication signal enhancement system was constructed, which could improve the signal quality of the receiving terminal in where the initial wireless signals were weak.First, a RIS unit cell with dynamically tunable phase characteristics was designed, and the dynamic change of the 2 bit reflection phases was realized by switching the working states of the two active diodes.Then, experiments were conducted to verify that the proposed RIS could dynamically reshape the beam direction.Finally, a host computer and field programmable gate array (FPGA) were used to realize the intelligent control of the coding sequences applied onto the proposed RIS.By changing the spatial phase distribution on the RIS aperture, the output beam could be controlled in real-time.By traversing the pre-loaded coding sequences, the enhancement of received signal in indoor wireless environments had been experimentally demonstrated.Both simulation and experiment results verify that the proposed RIS system can effectively and dynamically improve the quality of the indoor wireless signals.The received signal is increased by an average of 8.9 dB, with a maximum of 22 dB.The proposed work may provide basic hardware technical support for the optimization of 5G and the next-generation communication networks.…”
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Capacity Estimation of the Very Short-Range Electromagnetic Underwater Channel Based on Measurements by Jesús López-Fernández, Unai Fernández-Plazaola, Jose F. Paris

“…The significant attenuation experienced by electromagnetic waves in sea water is the main reason why acoustic waves are generally preferred in underwater communication. …”
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Coherent Signal DOA Estimation Method Based on Space–Time–Coding Metasurface by Guanchao Chen, Xiaolong Su, Lida He, Dongfang Guan, Zhen Liu

“…Noticeably, the STCM can replace multi-channel arrays with a single channel, which can be utilized to modulate incident electromagnetic waves and generate harmonics. However, coherent signals are overlapping in the frequency spectrum and cannot achieve DOA estimation through subspace methods. …”
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Isolation Transformer Based Very Low Frequency Antenna with Enhanced Radiation Characteristics by Jingqi Wu, Zilun Zeng, Liwei Wang, Jianchun Xu, Ke Bi

“…Abstract Very low frequency electromagnetic waves adeptly propagate in harsh cross‐medium environments, surmounting the rapid attenuation that impedes high‐frequency counterparts. …”
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An Artificial Intelligence-Based Hybrid Approach to Detect the Type of Buried Objects with Broad Frequency Band Antenna Systems by Ebru Efeoğlu

“…The experimental set was composed of an antenna that sends and receives electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency band, software that records and processes reflections, and a sandbox. …”
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Comparative Hypothesis Testing of Auroral Ionospheric Layer Causing Global Navigation Satellite System Scintillation by G. Blinstrubas, A. English, D. J. Stuart, D. L. Hampton, L. Lamarche, Y. Nishimura, S. Datta‐Barua

“…Abstract As Global Navigation Satellite System electromagnetic waves pass through the ionosphere, especially in auroral zones, ionospheric irregularities cause the waves to scintillate. …”
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Bifunctional Electromagnetic Manipulation of Surface Waves Using Metasurfaces Under One Circularly Polarized Incidence by Min Kang, Lixing Chen, Shuaipeng Qin, Liang Ma, Aoxiang Rui, Shiqing Li

“…Our findings substantially enrich the capabilities of metasurfaces to manipulate near-field electromagnetic waves, which can find many applications in practice.…”
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Review of Fast Solar Jets and Coronal Mass Ejections by Sima Zeighami, Ehsan Tavabi

“…When these particles reach the Earth, their radiating electromagnetic waves interact with magnetic field of the Earth. …”
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An open source code for modeling radio wave propagation in earth’s ionosphere by Alexander Green, William J. Longley, Meers M. Oppenheim, Matthew A. Young

“…FARR is able to model the complex interaction of electromagnetic waves with multi-scale ionospheric irregularities, capturing the effects of scintillation caused by both refractive and diffractive processes. …”
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Doppler Effect Estimation and Compensation for Satellite Systems in Geolocation Problems by Marcello Asciolla, Angela Cratere, Francesco Dell'Olio

“…In particular, the scenario of interest considers a non-cooperative emitter of electromagnetic waves on the surface of the Earth and a receiver able to perform Angle of Arrival measurements embarked on a satellite in Low Earth Orbit. …”
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Physical and Chemical Approaches of Photovoltaic Parameters in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells to ZnO/ZnS:rGO-Based Photoelectrodes by Thiago Kurz Pedra, Ramon Dadalto Carvalho, Cristian Dias Fernandes, Luciano Timm Gularte, Carolina Ferreira de Matos Jauris, Eduardo Ceretta Moreira, Mateus Meneghetti Ferrer, Cristiane Wienke Raubach, Sérgio da Silva Cava, Pedro Lovato Gomes Jardim, Elson Longo, Mario Lucio Moreira

“…The compound was obtained through a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, where the electromagnetic waves and temperature were crucial points for forming ZnO, ZnO/ZnS and reducing graphene oxide (GO). …”
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The Use of Radar Sensors toTrack Marine Pollution, the Studied Area: Iran's Marine Area by Majid Hosseini Hamid, Mehrnaz Farzin Gohar, Masoud Sadri Nasab, Behzad Layeghi

“…Based on theory, this research investigated the relationship between the penetration depth of electromagnetic waves and the conductivity of sea water based on daily parameters of temperature and salinity in Caspian Sea with low salinity and Oman Sea with high salinity. …”
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Photoreconfigurable Metasurface for Independent Full-Space Control of Terahertz Waves by Zhengxuan Jiang, Guowen Ding, Xinyao Luo, Shenyun Wang

“…We present a novel photoreconfigurable metasurface designed for independent and efficient control of electromagnetic waves with identical incident polarization and frequency across the entire spatial domain. …”
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Giant and flexible toroidal circular dichroism from planar chiral metasurface by Shijie Kang, Haitao Li, Jiayu Fan, Jiusi Yu, Boyang Qu, Peng Chen, Xiaoxiao Wu

“…Facing corresponding challenges in fabrication, integration, and application, it is generally difficult to employ toroidal circular dichroism in compact metasurfaces for flexible modulation of chiral interactions between electromagnetic waves and matter. To overcome these stringent challenges, we propose and experimentally demonstrate the giant toroidal circular dichroism in a bilayer metasurface that is comprised of only planar layers, effectively bypassing various restrictions imposed by 3D microstructures. …”
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