Reliability and Validity of Longshi Scale in Assessing the Activities of Daily Living of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury by Miaoling CHEN, Fubing ZHA, Fang LIU, Mingchao ZHOU, Yulong WANG, Jianjun LONG

“…Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of Longshi daily living ability rating scale(Longshi scale)in patients with spinal cord injury, and to provide objective basis for its wide application.Methods:A total of 412 patients with spinal cord injury(SCI)were selected from 60 medical institutions in China for the activities of daily living(ADL)assessment.Each patient was evaluated twice by both professionals(rehabilitation physician or therapist)and non-professionals(family member or companion of the patient).The Longshi scale and Barthel index were used for each assessment, and all assessments were required to be completed within the same day.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)was used to analyze the correlation of scores on Longshi scale in different evaluators; the Kappa test was used to analyze the consistency of ADL rating in different evaluators; Barthel index was used as the criterion, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the criterion validity of Longshi scale;and compare the time spent in the evaluation of the two scales.Results:A total of 406 patients completed the scale evaluation effectively, with an effective rate of 98.5%.①The results of reliability test: Kappa test was used to evaluate the ADL level of the Longshi scale by professionals and non-professionals, with k value of 0.878 and 95%confidence interval(<italic>CI</italic>)of 0.839-0.917, with statistically significant difference(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01).Intraclass correlation coefficient analysis was used to analyse the different of the scores of Longshi scale in different evaluators, with ICC value was 0.836, 95%<italic>CI</italic> was 0.805-0.863, with statistically significant difference(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01).②The results of validity inspection: the Pearson correlation coefficient r value between the total scores on Longshi scale of the bedridden, domestic, and community groups and Barthel index was 0.711, 0.596 and 0.610, respectively, with statistically significant difference(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001).③The results of time spent evaluation: compared with Barthel index(BI), both professionals and non-professionals took less time to evaluate Longshi scale than Barthel index, with statistically significant difference(<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05).Conclusion:The Longshi scale has the advantages of being easy to understand and less time to evaluate.It is good reliability and standard validity in the evaluation of ADL for SCI patients, and it has better feasibility and can be popularized and applied in clinical practice.…”
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Results of the ORION open comparative randomized trial: evaluation of efficacy of the Russian drugs Altevir and Phosphogliv in combined treatment of chronic hepatitis C by V. T. Ivashkin, M. V. Mayevskaya, P. O. Bogomolov, I. G. Nikitin, A. O. Buyeverov, A. V. Lapshin

“…No difference in adverse events rate of between groups was observed.Conclusions. Efficacy of domestic standard IFN-α altevir in combination to ribavirin in CHC treatment at 2nd and 3rd HCV genotypes, and at 1-st genotype HCV in patients with low viral load as well can be considered as high. …”
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Harnessing the energy transition from total dependence on fossil to renewable energy in the Arabian Gulf region, considering population, climate change impacts, ecological and carb... by Hilmi S. Salem, Musa Yahaya Pudza, Yohannes Yihdego

“…The GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) are almost entirely dependent on fossil energy sources (oil and natural gas) domestically, industrially, commercially, economically, and transportation-wise. …”
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National and provincial prevalence of self-reported diabetes: results from the cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey in Sri Lanka–2016 by Sobha Sivaprasad, Manjula D Nugawela, Harshana Munasinghe, Pansujee Dissanayaka, Mangalika Jayasundara

“…Provinces with higher gross domestic product (GDP) per capita showed a higher prevalence of diabetes. …”
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Cannabis in cosmetics: regulatory and scientific insights into hemp seed extracts for skincare by Abhilash Aditya, Too Jae Min, Sornkanok Vimolmangkang, Namsoo P. Kim

“…Both imported and domestically produced hemp oils were evaluated, emphasizing the importance of analytical technology and management at the good agricultural practices and good manufacturing practices levels in cosmetic applications. …”
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Hydrochemistry of a Tropical harbor: Influence of Industrial and Municipal inputs by Balogun Kayode James, Ladigbolu Ismail Adejare, Olaji Ebenezer Dayo

“…In recent times, pollution hazards of coastal waters have increased due to human activities including sand mining and dredging, industrial effluent discharges, indiscriminate dumping of sewage and domestic waste, use of detergents and heavy metals. …”
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Assessment of Environmental Suitability for the Spatial Distribution of Minority Villages in Mountainous Areas—Taking Fujian Province as an Example by Paolo Vincenzo Genovese, Xiang Xu, Hong Wu, Daxun Hao, Hantao Wang

“…The research findings indicated: (1) The ratio between the influence strengths of natural geographical, socioeconomic, and disaster constraint indicators on the environmental suitability of minority villages in mountainous areas is 5:10:7, with the highest influence being the regional gross domestic product (RGDP) in the socioeconomic indicator (0.509) and the lowest influence being flood sensitivity (0.011). (2) Areas with high suitability values are in the southeast coastal and central regions. …”
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Prognostic model of socio-pedagogical assistance to employment of university graduates by Ljubov G. Pak, Elena G. Kameneva, Ljubov A. Kochemasova, Yulia A. Sokolova

“…On the basis of interdisciplinary analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature, advanced pedagogical experience, the basic concepts of research were clarified and the block structure of the prognostic model of social and pedagogical assistance to the employment of university graduates was substantiated. …”
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Molecular Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Small Mammals and Infesting Ticks in Laikipia County, Kenya by Erick Titus Mosha, Joseph K. N. Kuria, Moses Otiende, Isaac Lekolool

“…Significant species that infect domestic and wildlife animals include Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma mesaeterum, Anaplasma platys, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. …”
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Intersection between individual, household, environmental and system level factors in defining risk and resilience for children in Kenya's ASAL: A qualitative study. by Esther Jebor Chongwo, Barack Aoko, Martha Kaniala, Moses Esala, Phillis Magoma, Eunice Njoroge, Susan Nyamanya, Joyce Marangu, Anil Khamis, John Ng'asike, Anja C Huizink, Amina Abubakar

“…Identified risk factors encompassed issues such as young caregiver's age, low literacy, mental health issues, drug abuse, domestic violence, malnutrition, poverty, lack of paternal involvement, early marriages, female genital mutilation, drought, heat stress, and insecurity. …”
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L’oppidum du Marduel (Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard) du Bronze final IIIb à l’époque romaine : synthèse des recherches sur un habitat occupé dans la longue durée by Denis Lebeaupin

“…BC.The excavation identified several domestic units with one or two rooms and tracked their evolution over 500 years, bringing to light the stability of the overall organization of the settlement and the permanence of architectural techniques from the middle of the 5th c. to the middle of the 1st c. …”
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The collection of potato varieties as a reserve of source material for breeding for high yield, earliness, and resistance to diseases and pests by L. I. Kostina, O. S. Kosareva, E. V. Truskinov, T. V. Kirpicheva

“…Potato accessions representing domestic and foreign varieties from the VIR collection served as the material for this research. …”
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Exploring health outcome disparities in African regional economics communities: a multilevel linear mixed-effect analysis by Ariane Ephemia Ndzignat Mouteyica, Nicholas Ngepah

“…Urbanization trends contribute to lower-intra-regional inequality in infant mortality rates and life expectancy at birth. Higher domestic government health expenditure as a share of general government spending is linked to reduced disparities in under-five and infant mortality rates. …”
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Rabies transmitted from vampires to cattle: An overview. by Diego Soler-Tovar, Luis E Escobar

“…The common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus, is the main reservoir and transmitter of rabies virus (RABV) to domestic animals in Latin America. Desmodus rotundus RABV is known to impact the cattle industry, from small farmers to large corporations. …”
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Application of a complex system for optical monitoring of technical condition of building structures with external composite reinforcement by M. Yu. Fedotov, A. A. Kalgin, E. E. Shmoilov, P. D. Kapyrin, O. A. Kornev

“…Among the most well-known developers and suppliers of composite systems for external reinforcement based on carbon reinforcing fibres, it is worth mentioning foreign and domestic materials under the trademarks of MasterBrace (BASF SE, Germany), SikaWrap (Sika Group, Germany), Torayca (Toray Industries, Japan), FibARM ( JSC “Prepreg-SСM”, Russia), S&amp;P (JSC “Triada-Holding”, Russia) and others. …”
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Improving the publication activity of Ukrainian scientists: problems, solutions, the use of mathematical and statistical methods by S. O. Serbenyuk

“…In Ukraine, the vast majority of research is concerned with the comparative characteristics of the share of the gross domestic product allocated to science funding, general problems of international cooperation with foreign grant providers, improvement of the system of financial resources allocation in the field of science, etc. …”
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Trace Element Status and Environmental Implications of Soils and Zea mays from Farmed Dumpsites in the Bamenda Metropolis, North-West Cameroon by Mofor Nelson Alakeh, Njoyim Estella Buleng Tamungang, Mbene Kenneth, Yuhinwenkeh Njumbo Blaise, Nchofua Festus Biosengazeh

“…Natural origins and domestic waste were identified as the major sources of trace metals in the soils. …”
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The Consequences of Mining Damage and their Impact on the Natural Environment – a Case Study of Trzebinia by Krzysztof Cygańczuk, Jacek Roguski

“…Moreover, the article was based on publications by domestic and foreign authors, authorities in the field of environmental engineering. …”
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Developing an indicator system and assessing China's progress on climate change adaptation in 2010–2022 from dual-dimension by Yang Song, Xiu Yang, Huimin Li, Mingyu Liu

“…Based on relevant theories, practices, and domestic and international strategic arrangements, we have developed an assessment indicator system from dual-dimension, encompassing both the adaptive stage and the adaptive sector, to assess China's progress in adapting to climate change over the period from 2010 to 2022. …”
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Do You Speak Dialect? Yes! by Vytautas Kardelis, Gabriela Forgeron

“…A further challenge lies in the monitoring process within the domestic environment, a prerequisite for achieving an objective and reliable measurement of dialectal variation. …”
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