Determination of In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Five Sri Lankan Medicinal Plants against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria by Manikkuwadura Hasara Nethmini De Zoysa, Hasanga Rathnayake, Ruwani Punyakanthi Hewawasam, Weerasinghe Mudiyanselage Dilip Gaya Bandara Wijayaratne

“…Antibacterial activity of plant extracts were monitored using the agar disc diffusion method. Eight concentrations of each positive plant extract were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by 5-fold dilution of plant extracts yielding a serial dilution of the original extract. …”
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Analysis of the Pyrolysis Kinetics, Reaction Mechanisms, and By-Products of Rice Husk and Rice Straw via TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS by Li Lin, Yang E, Qiang Sun, Yixuan Chen, Wanning Dai, Zhengrong Bao, Weisheng Niu, Jun Meng

“…The results of the model-fitting method indicated that the diffusion model is the most appropriate for describing the pseudo-hemicellulose reaction. …”
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Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil from Dried Seeds of Xylopia aethiopica by Samba Fama Ndoye, Yoro Tine, Insa Seck, Lalla Aicha Ba, Seydou Ka, Ismaila Ciss, Abda Ba, Seynabou Sokhna, Moussa Ndao, Rokhaya Sylla Gueye, Nango Gaye, Abdoulaye Diop, Jean Costa, Julien Paolini, Matar Seck

“…The antimicrobial activity of this essential oil was studied using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods on four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one fungus (Candida albicans). …”
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Screening of the Dichloromethane: Methanolic Extract of Centella asiatica for Antibacterial Activities against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Bacillus subtili... by Berick Moturi Sieberi, George Isanda Omwenga, Rachael Kitondo Wambua, Judith Chemutai Samoei, Mathew Piero Ngugi

“…They included preliminary screening of dichloromethane: methanolic extract of Centella asiatica against human pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Shigella sonnei ATCC 25931, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 using agar disc diffusion, broth microdilution method, and time-kill kinetics with tetracycline as a positive control. …”
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Quality control and microbial analysis of liquid herbal drug formulations marketed in three major cities of South Eastern Nigeria by Michael Onyeukwu, Emmanuel Uronnachi, Chidalu Ikeotuonye, Chibuzor Ijezie, Tochukwu Okeke, Somto Ewuzie, Ifeanyi Nzekwe

“…Acute toxicity was evaluated using Lorke’s method, while antimicrobial activity was determined through the agar well diffusion method.Results: None of the samples exhibited acute toxicity; however, only 35.6% contained microbial loads within acceptable limits. …”
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Microstructural transition from ZrO₂ to Zr–Al intermetallics and property evolution in AA5051 composites by G. Anbuchezhiyan, G. Ananth, Vignesh M, K. Logesh, Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak, Elango Natarajan

“…AA5051 is lightweight and has excellent corrosion resistance, but it loses strength at higher temperatures as magnesium atoms diffuse more readily within the aluminium matrix, reducing the uniformity of the solid solution and weakening the alloy's strengthening mechanism. …”
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Quantitative influence of solidification path on solute micro-segregation and inclusion precipitation in the solidification process of rail steel by Xinliang Gao, Wenyue Ba, Chenyang Wang, Zhuangzhuang Zhang, Yinlong Wang, Tengfei Li, Zhinan Yang, Fucheng Zhang

“…Furthermore, the effects of MnS inclusion precipitation, equilibrium distribution coefficient (ki), and back-diffusion coefficient (βi) on solute micro-segregation were investigated. …”
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Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activities of SnO and SnO@FeCl2 nanoparticles using Olea europaea subsp. Africana (Mill.) P.S. Green mediated green by Numan Khan, Sajjad Ali Shah, Muhammad Hubab, Sidra Tul Muntaha, Ibrar Khan, Azam Hayat, Mujaddad Ur Rehman, Tawaf Ali Shah, Jaouad Bensalah, Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar, Musaab Dauelbait, Mohammed Bourhia

“…The bio-synthesized nanoparticles showed tremendous antibacterial and photocatalytic activities using the agar well diffusion method for antibacterial activity. Our results showed high activity of both NPs against the crystal violet dye and urinary tract caused by Bacteria. …”
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Aspilia africana (Pers.) C.D. Adams and Manihot esculenta Crantz Exhibit Antibacterial Activity against Resistant Salmonella typhi Strains by Richard Agyen, Yaw Duah Boakye, Theresa Appiah Agana, Vivian Etsiapa Boamah, Clement Osei Akoto, Michael Owusu, Francis Adu, Christian Agyare

“…The extracts were screened in vitro for anti-Salmonella effects against fourteen S. typhi isolates (five multidrug-resistant (MDRST), five ciprofloxacin-resistant (CRST), three nalidixic acid-resistant (NARST), and one sensitive isolate (SS)) using agar well diffusion and microbroth dilution methods. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, and flavonoids in all polar solvent extracts. …”
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Synthesis and application of iron nanoparticles from scrap metal for triclosan degradation in water via Fenton and Sono-Fenton oxidation by S. Bhaskar, K.V. Apoorva, Shabina Ashraf, T. Athul Devan

“…Iron nanoparticles (FeSNPs) were synthesised using Mangifera indica plant extracts and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron diffusion spectroscopic spectrophotometry. Fenton and Sono-Fenton oxidation experiments were conducted with varying ratios of H2O2 to FeSNPs, and the maximum removal of triclosan was 59 % and 73 % for Fenton and Sono-Fenton oxidation, respectively, with rate constants of 0.0067 min−1 and 0.0210 min−1. …”
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Uji Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Salam {Syzigium polyanthum (Wight) Walp} terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara Invitro by Ikhsan Amanda Putra, Erly ., Machdawaty Masri

“…The objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of salam bark.This was a descriptive study by using agar diffusion method. The concentration of the extract used was 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. …”
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Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Ruminants and Studying the Effect of Novel Green Synthetized Nanoparticles as One o... by Abeer Mostafa Abdalhamed, Gamil Sayed Gamil Zeedan, Amany Ahmed Arafa, Eman Shafeek Ibrahim, Doaa Sedky, Amani Abdel nabey Hafez

“…The antibacterial efficacy of these nanoparticles was evaluated (in vitro and in vivo) against collected MRSA isolates using the disc diffusion method and SPF rats. Out of 150 mastitic milk samples, the frequency of S. aureus was 38 (25.3%), that of E. coli was 45 (30%), that of Klebsiella spp. …”
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Sources and Effects of Fluids in Continental Retrograde Shear Zones: Insights from the Kuckaus Mylonite Zone, Namibia by C. A. Stenvall, A. Fagereng, J. F. A. Diener, C. Harris, P. E. Janney

“…However, even small amounts of H2O allowed reaction weakening and diffusion-precipitation, followed by growth and alignment of phyllosilicates. …”
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Evaluation of Total Phenolic Content, HPLC Analysis, and Antioxidant Potential of Three Local Varieties of Mushroom: A Comparative Study by Anika Tabassum Bristy, Tairin Islam, Rezwana Ahmed, Jumana Hossain, Hasan Mahmud Reza, Preeti Jain

“…The α-amylase inhibitory and antibacterial activity of G. lucidum was evaluated by using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid and disc diffusion method, respectively. The maximum inhibitory activity recorded against α-amylase was 70.98±0.042% at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. …”
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The Pareto effect in tipping social networks: from minority to majority by J. P. Everall, F. Tschofenig, F. Tschofenig, J. F. Donges, J. F. Donges, I. M. Otto

“…In this work, we asked whether the Pareto effect can be observed in social systems by conducting a literature review, placing a focus on social norm diffusion and complex contagion via social networks. …”
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Assessment of fluoride bio-accessibility in early childhood diets by Jelena Kronic, Ralph M. Duckworth, Claudio Angione, Steven M. Levy, Fatemeh Vida Zohoori

“…Fluoride concentrations before and after in vitro digestion were determined directly using a fluoride-ion-selective electrode after addition of TISAB III, or indirectly by an acid diffusion method. Additionally, fluoride concentration of milk samples was determined using a combination of microwave-assisted acid digestion and the direct method of fluoride analysis.ResultsMean (SD) fluoride bio-accessibility for individual food samples was 44.7% (37.5%). …”
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Occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility of vibrio spp., aeromonas spp. and listeria spp. in seafoods by Nihat Telli, Arife Ezgi Telli, Yusuf Biçer, Gamze Turkal, Hatice Ahu Kahraman, Yusuf Doğruer

“…., and Listeria spp. in finned fish and shrimps consumed in Turkey and the antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates using disc diffusion method.<p> <b>Materials and Methods: </b>In the research, 300 seafoods obtained at different times were used as material. …”
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In-vitro study of hybrid silver nanoparticles with humic acid extracted from cow dung against pathogens by Shabir Ahmed Dharejo, Tajnees Pirzada, Muhammad Raza Shah, Ahmed Nadeem, Khalid Hussain Thebo

“…The antibacterial activities and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of coupled AgNPs were determined by disk diffusion and broth dilution methods, respectively, against identified Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogene, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, which are extracted from cow dung. …”
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Drying Kinetics, Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Quality of the Instant Foxtail Millet as Affected by Drying Methods by Yingqiang Wang, Hongxia Zhao, Xi Song, Wenjie Zhang, Feng Yang

“…The effective moisture diffusion coefficients (Deff) were 6.57×10 -9 m 2 /s, 9.80×10 -9 m 2 /s, 4.14×10 -9 m 2 /s and 6.20×10 -9 m 2 /s for MVD, MHAD, HAD and TR, respectively. …”
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The Antibacterial Effect In Vitro of Honey Derived from Various Danish Flora by Reem Dina Matzen, Julie Zinck Leth-Espensen, Therese Jansson, Dennis Sandris Nielsen, Marianne N. Lund, Steen Matzen

“…We surveyed 11 honeys of various Danish floral sources for their antibacterial activity and compared them to a culinary processed commercial honey (Jakobsens) and a raw and a medical grade Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey using the agar-well diffusion method. We tested the effect on three gram-positive bacteria (two strains of Staphylococcus aureus and one strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis) and two gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). …”
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