Assessment of fluoride bio-accessibility in early childhood diets by Jelena Kronic, Ralph M. Duckworth, Claudio Angione, Steven M. Levy, Fatemeh Vida Zohoori

“…Fluoride concentrations before and after in vitro digestion were determined directly using a fluoride-ion-selective electrode after addition of TISAB III, or indirectly by an acid diffusion method. Additionally, fluoride concentration of milk samples was determined using a combination of microwave-assisted acid digestion and the direct method of fluoride analysis.ResultsMean (SD) fluoride bio-accessibility for individual food samples was 44.7% (37.5%). …”
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Drying Kinetics, Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Quality of the Instant Foxtail Millet as Affected by Drying Methods by Yingqiang Wang, Hongxia Zhao, Xi Song, Wenjie Zhang, Feng Yang

“…The effective moisture diffusion coefficients (Deff) were 6.57×10 -9 m 2 /s, 9.80×10 -9 m 2 /s, 4.14×10 -9 m 2 /s and 6.20×10 -9 m 2 /s for MVD, MHAD, HAD and TR, respectively. …”
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The Antibacterial Effect In Vitro of Honey Derived from Various Danish Flora by Reem Dina Matzen, Julie Zinck Leth-Espensen, Therese Jansson, Dennis Sandris Nielsen, Marianne N. Lund, Steen Matzen

“…We surveyed 11 honeys of various Danish floral sources for their antibacterial activity and compared them to a culinary processed commercial honey (Jakobsens) and a raw and a medical grade Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey using the agar-well diffusion method. We tested the effect on three gram-positive bacteria (two strains of Staphylococcus aureus and one strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis) and two gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). …”
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The Antibacterial Property of Nigella sativa (Black seed) Oil Against Gram-positive and Gramnegative Bacteria by Sakar Ahmed Abdullah, Tara Faeq M. Salih, Abdullah Ahmed Hama, Salar Ibrahim Ali, Hassan Hussein Hamaamin

“…The bacteria were gram-negative (Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus). The agar ?diffusion well technique and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were used. …”
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Polyethylene glycol used as a dispersant potentiates the toxicity of insecticides in mammalian cells rather than insects by Thillaichidambaram Muneeswaran, Tanya Bhatt, Su Hwan Park, Muthuchamy Maruthupandy, Minsik Kim, Vartika Mathur, Jong-Ho Lee, Min-Seok Kim, Wan-Seob Cho

“…PEG toxicity increased due to the micellar formulation of hydramethylnon in PEG, increasing cellular uptake by simple diffusion. Therefore, the observed potentiation effect highlights that the combination effect of formulation of hydrophobic compounds with dispersants should be carefully evaluated.…”
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Research on wireless monitoring system for internal temperature field of coal gangue mountain by Xiaofei Liu, Chunhao Liang, Jifa Qian, Xiaolin Li, Xuemei Li, Baoli Li, Guang Xu, Bin Zhou

“…In the laboratory, active temperature rise monitoring was conducted on the simulated coal gangue pile to effectively observe the range of temperature diffusion. Simultaneously, field tests were performed in the coal gangue mountain at the coal mine. …”
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Rigid‐Flexible Coupling Realized by Synergistic Engineering of the Graphitic‐Amorphous Architecture for Durable and Fast Potassium Storage by Mingchi Jiang, Ning Sun, Bin Cao, Xuyang Jian, Razium Ali Soomro, Bin Xu

“…Systematically varying the catalyst content enables an optimal PGC design integrating a highly graphitized phase providing abundant active sites for K‐ion intercalation, balanced with an amorphous carbon region that accommodates volume expansion and facilitates ion diffusion. The optimized PGC12 electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 281.9 mAh g−1, characterized by a prolonged low‐potential plateau region, and excellent cycle stability with a capacity retention of 94.8% after 300 cycles. …”
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Preliminary Study on Disinfectant Susceptibility/Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Slaughtered Village Free-Range Chickens in Nairobi, Kenya by Igizeneza Acsa, Bebora Lilly Caroline, Nyaga Philip Njeru, Njagi Lucy Wanjiru

“…The method used was agar well diffusion, and the six disinfectants (their active ingredients are in brackets) tested were as follows: Kupacide® (glutaraldehyde; benzalkonium chloride); TH4+® (didecyl dimethyl ammonium HCl; dioctyl dimethyl ammonium HCl; octyl decyldimethyl ammonium HCl; alkyl dimethyl ammonium HCl; and glutaraldehyde); Noro cleanse® (glutaraldehyde; coco-benzyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride); Dettol® (chloroxylenol); Savlon® (chlorhexidine gluconate; cetrimide; and N-propylalcohol); and Jik® (sodium hypochlorite). …”
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Theoretical Study of Proton Radiation Influence on the Performance of a Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cell by Tchouadep Guy Serge, Zouma Bernard, Korgo Bruno, Soro Boubacar, Savadogo Mahamadi, Zoungrana Martial, Zerbo Issa

“…Taking into account the empirical formula of diffusion length under the effect of high-energy particle irradiation, we established new expressions of continuity equation, photocurrent density, photovoltage, and dynamic junction velocity. …”
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Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of kaffir lime essential oils and their active constituents against Staphylococcus aureus focusing on sortase A by Chayapol Pontanayodsakorn, Chatchakorn Eurtivong, Pimsumon Jiamboonsri

“…Antibiofilm activities were assessed using Congo red agar (CRA) well diffusion method, pre-biofilm inhibition resazurin assay, and post-biofilm inhibition assay. …”
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Electrochemical Study and Determination of Homovanillic Acid, the Final Metabolite of Dopamine, Using an Unmodified Disposable Electrode by Mihaela Buleandră, Lavinia Georgiana Voica, Dana Elena Popa, Irinel Adriana Badea, Emilia Elena Iorgulescu, Mihaela Carmen Cheregi

“…The outcomes of the pH and scan rate studies led to the conclusion that two electrons and two protons were involved in the diffusion-controlled process. Using the PGE, a linear relationship between peak current and HVA concentration was obtained between 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ M and 5.0 × 10⁻⁵ M by DPV in BRB with pH 2.0. …”
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Molecular Serotyping and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolated in Hospital Catering Service in Morocco by Benjelloun Touimi Ghita, Laila Bennani, Sanae Berrada, Moussa Benboubker, Bahia Bennani

“…E. coli was identified using API 20E, and the antibiotic resistance patterns were obtained using the agar disk diffusion methods. However, PCR method was used for O157 and H7 typing. …”
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Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Shigella Species among Children under Five Years of Age with Diarrhea in Selected Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia by Basha Ayele, Zeleke Mekonnen, Tesfaye Sisay Tessema, Etsehiwot Adamu, Estifanos Tsige, Getenet Beyene

“…Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AMST) was conducted using the disk diffusion method. Data were described using descriptive statistical tools. …”
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Gender-specific antibiotic-resistance patterns and characterization of bacterial flora of undergraduate students’ mobile phones and associated factors at a Nigerian university by Morufat Oluwatosin Olaitan, Akeem Ganiyu Rabiu, Zara Babagana Umara

“…Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of the isolates was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay and the results were interpreted by the Clinical Standards and Laboratory Institute (CLSI) guideline. …”
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Ultrasound-Guided Analgesia in Cardiac and Breast Surgeries: A Cadaveric Comparison of SPIP Block with Single and Double Injections vs. DPIP Block by Carmelo Pirri, Debora Emanuela Torre, Astrid Ursula Behr, Veronica Macchi, Andrea Porzionato, Raffaele De Caro, Carla Stecco

“…Adequate volume facilitates proper spread and diffusion across the fascial plane, ensuring more comprehensive fascia coverage and thus enhancing the block’s effectiveness. …”
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Insights into bacterial cellulose for adsorption and sustained-release mechanism of flavors by Jingyi Hu, Longfei Wang, Menglan Xiao, Weihua Chen, Meng Zhou, Yihan Hu, Yujie Zhang, Miao Lai, Aimin He, Mingqin Zhao

“…Temperature responsiveness indicated the release of citral was controlled by internal diffusion. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated the interactions between BC and citral was mainly composed of van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds. …”
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Synthesis of Transition Metal-Nanochitosan Composites Using Ni, Cu, Zn, and Ag Metal Ions and Applications as Antibacterial Agents by Khoirina Dwi Nugrahaningtyas, Eny Kusrini, Salwa Salsabila, Dina Fitriana, Anwar Usman, Triana Kusumaningsih, Sri Juari Santoso

“…The test for antibacterial activity against gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 10556) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883) bacterial strains was carried out using the well-diffusion method. The results showed that Ni-NCs antibacterial activity had the largest inhibition zone compared to the other TM-NCs. …”
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Investigation on inherent angle ventilation control of residential kitchen range hoods by Zhilin Guo, Huixing Li, Guohui Feng, Kailiang Huang, Tengfei Yu

“…This study employs a combined approach of orthogonal experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations to investigate the exhaust characteristics of inherent-angle-measurement-based range hoods. It analyzes the diffusion patterns of cooking-generated particulate matter under various cooking scenarios, considering factors such as the opening and closing of windows, cooking source velocities, and different airflow rates of the range hood. …”
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Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the bark extracts of Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC. by Engeda Dessalegn, Mengisteab Mathewos, Hiwot Gebremeskel, Nigatu Tuasha

“…Antibacterial properties were determined using the disc-diffusion and broth dilution assays. Results The ethanol extract of the bark was found to have high TPC (37.80 ± 3.70 mgGAE/g) and TFC (19.22 ± 1.44 mgQE/g). …”
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Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities Evaluation, Phytochemical Characterisation of Rhizome from Angiopteris helferiana and Barks from Saurauia fasciculata in Nepal by Ram Kishor Yadav, Akriti Dhakal, Kalpana Timilsina, Priyanka Shrestha, Sandesh Poudel, Sindhu KC, Prabhat Kumar Jha, Rekha Bhandari, Khem Raj Joshi

“…The antibacterial activity of the A. helferiana and S. fasciculata extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was determined using an agar-well diffusion protocol that revealed the potential antibacterial activity of A. helferiana against E. coli. …”
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