Structure of Silicon Wafers Planar Surface before and after Rapid Thermal Treatment by U. A. Pilipenko, A. A. Sergeichik, D. V. Shestovski, V. A. Solodukha

“…Researches by transmission electronic method, analysis of diffraction reflection curve and electronic Auger spectroscopy has failed to provide reliable data about the state of crystal lattice in surface layer of at least 30 nm thickness. …”
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An algorithm of unordered wavefront propagation in terahertz phase retrieval with dense multiplane data acquisition by E.G. Tsiplakova, A. Chopard, N.S. Balbekin, O.A. Smolyanskaya, J.-B. Perraud, J.-P. Guillet, P. Mounaix, N.V. Petrov

“…Iterative phase retrieval algorithms from multiple diffraction patterns in the terahertz (THz) frequency range are a promising tool of computational imaging capable of providing high spatial resolution of reconstructed phase images. …”
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Characterization Methods for the Effect of Microbial Mineralization on the Microstructure of Hardened C3S Paste by Yanqiang Chen, Chunxiang Qian, Hengyi Zhou

“…Quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were used and compared. …”
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Corroborating the magnetic easy axis of epitaxial (100) α-iron and (0001) BaFe12O19 thin films by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy by Y. E. Li, J. Shine, C. Guguschev, M. Brützam, D. G. Schlom, N. Ravi

“…60 and 120 nm thick epitaxial films of isotopically enriched bcc iron (α-57Fe) grown on (100) MgO substrates are studied using x-ray diffraction, reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS). …”
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A Novel Drug-Drug Salt of Naproxen and Vortioxetine: Synthesis, Characterization, and Solubility Study by Xianrui Zhang, Yuting Gao

“…The obtained salt was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). …”
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Preparation of CoFe2O4/SiO2 Nanocomposites at Low Temperatures Using Short Chain Diols by Thomas Dippong, Erika Andrea Levei, Oana Cadar

“…The Fourier transformed infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns were used to confirm the formation of nanocomposites. …”
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Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus rosa sinensis Flowers and Their Antibacterial Activity by F. Buarki, H. AbuHassan, F. Al Hannan, F. Z. Henari

“…The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized using the ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of α- Fe2O3 nanoparticles (hematite). …”
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Circular Polarization and Wavelength Selective Gratings Based on Holographic Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Templates by Hsien-Kuo Chin, Hui-Ying Kuo, Yang-Chen Zheng, Jia-De Lin, Chia-Rong Lee

“…Therefore, this CLC-based device can be potentially used in controllable diffraction elements in optics.…”
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A Humidity Sensor Based on Silver Nanoparticles Thin Film Prepared by Electrostatic Spray Deposition Process by Thutiyaporn Thiwawong, Korakot Onlaor, Benchapol Tunhoo

“…The crystalline structure of silver nanoparticles thin film was found in the orientation of (100) and (200) planes of cubic structure at diffraction angles 2θ  =  38.2° and 44.3°, respectively. …”
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Sharper Focal Spot for a Radially Polarized Beam Using Ring Aperture with Phase Jump by Svetlana N. Khonina, Andrei V. Ustinov

“…It is shown that by means of destructive interference of beams coming from the different-phase rings it becomes possible to overcome the scalar diffraction limit corresponding to the first zero of the zero-order Bessel function. …”
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Effects of hydrogen on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of TB8 titanium alloy. by Yequan Chen, Shiying Wang, Jiaxing Meng, Naotoshi Mitsuzaki, Zhidong Chen

“…Several characterization methods, including optical microscopy (OM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were employed to comprehensively analyze the alloy. …”
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Influence of Strong Acid Hydrolysis Processing on the Thermal Stability and Crystallinity of Cellulose Isolated from Wheat Straw by Chemar J. Huntley, Kristy D. Crews, Mohamed A. Abdalla, Albert E. Russell, Michael L. Curry

“…Cellulose extractions from wheat straw via hydrochloric, nitric, and sulfuric acid hydrolysis methods were carried out. X-ray diffraction spectral analyses reveal that depending on the acid conditions used the structure of the cellulose exhibited a mixture of polymorphs (i.e., CI and CIII cellulose phases). …”
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The Simplest Way to Iodine-Doped Anatase for Photocatalysts Activated by Visible Light by Václav Štengl, Tomáš Matys Grygar

“…The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), infrared spectroscopy (IR), specific surface area (BET), and porosity determination (BJH). …”
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Synthesis of Nickel and Nickel Hydroxide Nanopowders by Simplified Chemical Reduction by Jeerapan Tientong, Stephanie Garcia, Casey R. Thurber, Teresa D. Golden

“…The structure of the synthesized nickel and nickel hydroxide nanoparticles was identified by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.…”
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The Optical Properties of Crystalline Zn3Nb2O8 Nanomaterials Obtained by Hydrothermal Method by Mihaela Birdeanu, Mirela Vaida, Eugenia Fagadar-Cosma

“…The present study is focused on the obtaining of the Zn3Nb2O8 nanomaterial using the hydrothermal method and its characterization through different techniques. X-ray diffraction at room temperature revealed that a novel crystalline form of the nanomaterial forms at 1100°C belonging to monoclinic space group C2/c. …”
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Synthesis, Structure, and Electrical Property of Ce1−xSr1+xGa3O7−δ by Xiaohui Li, Jungu Xu, Junshu Xiaofeng, Xiaojun Kuang

“…Single melilite phase was obtained for x≤0.2. X-ray diffraction pattern displays a preferred orientation on (002) peak of the Ce0.9Sr1.1Ga3O7−δ composition. …”
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Synthesis and Characterization of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Egg White Solution via Sol-Gel Method by Samira Bagheri, Kamyar Shameli, Sharifah Bee Abd Hamid

“…Additionally, the TNPs are characterized by a number of techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet visible spectra (UV-vis). …”
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Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Bioinorganic Complex [Sb(Hedta)]·2H2O by Di Li, Guo-Qing Zhong

“…The composition and structure of the complex were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, single crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. …”
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Composites Based Green Poly(L-Lactic Acid) and Dioctyl Phthalate: Preparation and Performance by Yan-Hua Cai, Li-Sha Zhao, Yan-Hua Zhang

“…The effects of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) on performances of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) were investigated in detail using optical depolarizer, X-ray diffraction, melt index instrument, and electronic tensile tester. …”
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Sonochemical Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Starch: A Comparison by Brajesh Kumar, Kumari Smita, Luis Cumbal, Alexis Debut, Ravinandan Nath Pathak

“…Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) confirmed partial crystalline and amorphous nature of silver nanoparticles. …”
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