Lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection by Sanjeevram Dhandapani, Yujeong Ha, Rongbo Wang, Tae Woo Kwon, Ik-Hyun Cho, Yeon-Ju Kim

“…Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy identified gold nanoparticles with the highest Au peak at 2.1 keV. Selected area diffraction patterns revealed crystallographic structures. …”
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Spatial Microstructural Ordering of Expansive Clay Minerals by T. López-Lara, J. B. Hernández-Zaragoza, D. Carreón-Freyre, M. Cerca, E. Rojas-González, A. G. Minor Franco, G. Martínez-Barrera, R. Salgado-Delgado

“…The clay microstructure was obtained using X-ray diffraction, and sweeping electronic microscopy. Physical characterization includes pH analysis. …”
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Influence of elevated temperature exposure on the residual compressive strength and radiation shielding efficiency of ordinary concrete incorporating granodiorite and ceramic powde... by Alaa A. Mahmoud, Alaa A. El-Sayed, Ayman M. Aboraya, Islam N. Fathy, Mohamed A. Abouelnour, Maged E. Elfakharany, Mohy S. Fattouh, Abdelmoniem E. Alahmer, Islam M. Nabil

“…Additionally, several microstructural tests like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) were conducted to assess the influence of using the optimal replacement ratios of the investigated waste powders on the studied properties of concrete. …”
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Study on the Influence of Introducing Al Transition Layer on Deuterium Resistance of Al2O3 Coating by Weijing Wang, Qinghe Yu, Xiaopeng Liu, Lei Hao, Jing Mi, Shijie Li, Shuai Li, Zheng Lu, Shanshan Li, Hao Liu

“…The field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), the grazing incident X-ray diffraction technique (GIXRD), and the auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used to analyze the microscopic morphology, phase, and element distribution in the depth direction of the Al/Al2O3 coating, and the gas-driver permeation method was used to measure the deuterium permeation behavior of the coating sample. …”
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Evaluation of Fracture Toughness, Color Stability, and Sorption Solubility of a Fabricated Novel Glass Ionomer Nano Zirconia-Silica-Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Composite Material by Sami D. Aldhuwayhi, Arbaz Sajjad, Wan Zaripah W. Bakar, Dasmawati Mohamad, Thirumulu P. Kannan, Imran A. Moheet

“…The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding a nano zirconia-silica-hydroxyapatite (nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA) composite synthesized using a one-pot sol-gel technique to a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), which was then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Following the characterization studies, further investigations were carried out after the addition of nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA to cGIC (GIC nanoZrO2-SiO2-HA) at various percentages (~5% to 9%) to compare their fracture toughness, color stability, and sorption- solubility in relation to cGIC (Fuji IX). …”
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Visible light photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline using copper ferrite nanoparticles synthesized via Glycine-Assisted combustion method by A. Dinesh, K. Radhakrishnan, V. Renuga, Rajendra P. Patil, Suriyaprakash Rajadesingu, S. Suthakaran, L. Guganathan, Manikandan Ayyar, Madhappan Santhamoorthy, Lalitha Gnanasekaran, Munawar Iqbal

“…Several analytical methods were used to confirm the synthesized CuFe2O4 NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to check the phase’s structure and purity, FT-IR was used to find out what functional groups were present, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was used to look at the optical properties, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to see the structure’s shape. …”
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Isothermal section of the Ni-Mn-Sb ternary system at 773K by Ao W.-Q., Yu H.-Z., Liu F.-L., Liu F.-S., Li J.-Q., Du Y., Liu S.-H., Shi C.-Y.

“…The isothermal section of the Ni-Mn-Sb ternary system at 773 K was measured by means of 117 alloys which were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) techniques. …”
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Photo-Fenton Degradation of RB5 Dye in Aqueous Solution Using Fe Supported on Mexican Natural Zeolite by José Domenzain-Gonzalez, José J. Castro-Arellano, Luis A. Galicia-Luna, Luis Lartundo-Rojas

“…These samples were also characterized by the following techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine crystalline phases of mineral, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to observe the elemental composition of the material where the main element was Fe as Fe2p, Mössbauer to establish the phases in the material which were magnetite (Fe3O4), fayalite, and chlorite, Raman to corroborate that magnetite clusters in natural material were presented, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) by which magnetite nanoparticles were observe on zeolite surface. …”
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in seminal plasma of buffalo bulls possess spermatozoa specific fertility associated proteins and enzymes by Rakesh Kumar, Mir Ahmad, Bala Subramaniam, Ankit Pal, Aditya Patel, Shiva Shiva, Vitika Chauhan, Seema Karanwal, Mukesh Bhakat, Tirtha K. Datta

“…The seminal plasma of buffalo bulls of contrasting fertility was utilized to purify EVs by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Diffraction light scattering (DLS), nano-tracking assay (NTA), and Western blotting were used to confirm seminal plasma EVs. …”
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Isolation and characterization of CNC from waste maize cob available in Bangladesh as a potential candidate for the fabrication of multifunctional bio-nanocomposites: A new approac... by Shamim Dewan, Md. Mahmudur Rahman, Md. Ismail Hossain, Bijoy Chandra Ghos, M Mohinur Rahman Rabby, Md. Abdul Gafur, Md. Al-Amin, Md. Ashraful Alam

“…Characterization of the specimens were conducted by FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), Thermal analysis (TGA/DTG/DTA), and Zeta potential analysis. …”
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Mechanism of Photocatalytic Degradation of Diclofenac in Water by a Novel Carbon Nitride by LIU Zi’ang, GAO Yifang, LIU Chao, LI Wenjun, LIU Xiaona, LI Bo, QIAN Tianwei

“…PCN was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. …”
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Preparation of slow-release fertilizer derived from rice husk silica, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and paper composite coated urea by Idayatu Dere, Daniel T. Gungula, Semiu A. Kareem, Fartisincha Peingurta Andrew, Abdullahi M. Saddiq, Vadlya T. Tame, Haruna M. Kefas, David O. Patrick, Japari I. Joseph

“…Characterization techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis were used to examine the materials. …”
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Experimental Study on Impermeability Law of Aquiclude Reconstructed by Mudstone of External Dump in Arid Zone by Li Ma, Chendong Liu, Yinli Bi, Suping Peng, Kaisheng Jiang, Hui Zhang, Qiang Luo, Fei Xue, Tianxin Xu, Tianxiang Li, Jing Wu, Jiahao Tian, Dongxu Zhang

“…By taking the Hongshaquan Open-Pit Coal Mine as the study object, the red mudstone of mining level +650 was selected as the topsoil aquiclude material through the geological survey. XRD diffraction experiments are used to determine the composition of red mudstone including kaolinite mineral, quartz, potash feldspar, albite, and illite. …”
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Compatibility and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Lycopersicon esculentum peels by Esraa Ali, Samah H. Abu-Hussien, Esraa Hesham, Shimaa Ahmed, Habiba Mostafa, Ahmed Gamal, Salwa M. El-Sayed, Bahaa Hemdan, Ashraf Bakry, Naglaa M. Ebeed, Hesham Elhariry, Ahmed Galal, Basma T. Abd-Elhalim

“…UV–visible spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to characterize biosynthesized Le-AgNPs. …”
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Enhancement of densification and mechanical property of (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)N high-entropy bulk ceramic via silicon carbide addition by Wuyang Song, Youjun Lu, Lutong Yang, Maohui Li, Xiao Zhang, Bo Ma, Chuyun Wang, Yanmin Wang, Jinfeng Li, Xiang Liu

“…The crystal structure, phase composition, and grain size/morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. …”
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Argon release, crystallization, morphological and optical changes of ion-beam sputtered Ta2O5 thin films during thermal treatments by A. Paolone, M. Bazzan, G. Favaro, F. Borondics, G. Nemeth, F. Capitani, S. Swaraj, R. Belkhou, R. Flammini, J. Teillon, C. Michel, D. Hofman, M. Granata

“…This process is thermally activated and the corresponding activation energy is 410 ± 60 kJ/mol. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that in the same range of temperature the crystallization of tantala takes place. …”
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Impact of Mn/Co substitution on magnetoelectric and structural properties of ZnO nanostructures thin films by Ángela P. Lanchero, Lina F. Prieto, Heiddy P. Quiroz, Jorge A. Calderón, A. Dussan, F. Mesa

“…Doping concentration, substrate temperature, and substrate type (soda-lime glass and oriented silicon wafer) were systematically varied for potential spintronic applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure with a preferential [002] growth orientation when Mn was incorporated into the ZnO matrix. …”
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Hydrogen absorption kinetics and microstructural features of TiFe0.8Mn0.2 alloy by Ryun-Ho Kwak, Taeyang Kwak, Da Hye Lee, Sojin Jung, Jang-Won Kang, Seongtak Kim, Tae-Wook Na, Seok Su Sohn, Hyung-Ki Park, Taejun Ha

“…Furthermore, the Scanning Electron Microscope – Electron Backscatter Diffraction (SEM-EBSD) results showed that the annealing treatment increased the grain size of the B2 matrix by decreasing the grain boundary length. …”
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Corrosion behavior of Fe amorphous/Al-12Si piston composites with core-shell structure by Yingdong Wang, Zuxiang Lin, Chengzhou Liu, Deyong Zhao, Chunqiong Li, Yuan Wang

“…The composites’ composition, microstructure, and elemental distribution were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and EDS spectroscopy. …”
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Role of mordenite zeolite in improving nutrient and water use efficiency in Alfisols by Girijaveni V, Sammi Reddy K, Srinivasarao Ch, Raju B M K, Divya Balakrishnan, Sumanta Kundu, Pushpanjali, Jagriti Rohit, Singh V K

“…Zeolite was further characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SEM, as the type of zeolite collected is unknown from local market. …”
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