Synthesis of Mannich N-bases based on benzimidazole derivatives using SiO2OAlCl2 catalyst and their potential as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer agents by Antonius Herry Cahyana, Ikrimah Desta, Laely Amaliyah, Aida Nadia, Hilna Diana Sahaya, Dicky Annas, Bayu Ardiansah, Mohammad Jihad Madiabu, Inda Mapiliandari, Kang Hyun Park

“…The results showed that the catalyst was successfully synthesized and characterized by The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). …”
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Green synthesis of biocompatible fluorescent carbon dots from bitter gourd for effective metal sensing and biological applications by V. Renuga, X. Vinoliya, A. Dinesh, S. Suthakaran, Manikandan Ayyar, V. Mohanavel, Lalitha Gnanasekaran, Prabhu Paramasivam, R. Bousbih, M. Khalid Hossain, A. Rajendran, S. Santhoshkumar

“…The optical properties, luminescence, phase formation and crystal structure were measured using UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) by varying the medium from acidic to basic by changing its pH (2−12) and temperature range (180-300οC) to assess the exact nature and properties of the synthesized C-dots. …”
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Effect of low aluminum additions in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot forged high-manganese steels by Morales-Cruz E.U., Vargas-Ramírez M., Lobo-Guerrero A., Cruz-Ramírez A., Colin-García E., Sánchez-Alvarado R.G., Gutiérrez-Pérez V.H., Martínez-Vázquez J.M.

“…Microstructural evolution was studied using microscopy techniques (OM, and SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction measurements for the as-cast and hot forged steels. …”
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Carrageenan bionanocomposite films incorporating Ag and Zn-Doped CeO₂ nanoparticles for active food packaging applications by Damar Rastri Adhika, Gita Genecya, Alvin Annayya Habibah, An Naas Amalia Rahardja Putri, Ubed Sonai Fahruddin Arrozi

“…Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Zeta potential analysis confirmed the successful doping and stability of the nanoparticles. …”
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RETRACTED: Mycosynthesis of Hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) Nanoparticles Using <em>Aspergillus niger</em> and Their Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Activities by Ebrahim Saied, Salem S. Salem, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Fathy M. Elkady, Amr A. Arishi, Amr H. Hashem

“…The structural and optical properties of Hem-NPs were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV-visible and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. …”
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Hydrogen production by methane decomposition over Ni-doped activated carbons: effect of the activation method by Mahmoudi, Marwa, Dufour, Anthony, Bettahar, Mohammed El-Miloud, Medjahdi, Ghouti, Ouederni, Abdelmottaleb, Gadiou, Roger

“…The catalysts were characterized before and after reaction by $\mathrm{N}_{2}$ adsorption, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). …”
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Luminescence properties of ZnSe single crystals co-doped with Fe and Cr by K. Lamonova, A. Prokhorov, M. Schmidbauer, A. Kwasniewski, Yu Kazarinov, M. Konuhova, A. Platonenko, Z. Remeš, K. Ridzoňová, M. Buryi

“…Structural characterization by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has revealed that the samples differ in terms of dopant concentration and intrinsic native defects. …”
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Photocatalytic removal of textile wastewater-originated methylene blue and malachite green dyes using spent black tea extract-coated silver nanoparticles by Sikander Ali, Huma Ijaz, Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Rukhma, Najeeb Ullah, Abid Sarwar, Muhammad Jalal Khan, Tariq Aziz, Ashwag shami, Fahad Al-Asmari

“…The characterization was conducted by X-Ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Zeta potential and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). …”
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Biosynthesis of reduced graphene oxide using Turbinaria ornata and its cytotoxic effect on MCF‐7 cells by K. M. Smita, L. Stanley Abraham, V. Ganesh Kumar, Raguraman Vasantharaja, R. Thirugnanasambandam, Ajit Antony, K. Govindaraju, T. Senthil Velan

“…Biofunctionalized reduced graphene oxide (TrGO) nanosheets were synthesized using methanol extract of Turbinaria ornata, and bioreduction of graphene oxide was primarily confirmed and characterized using UV‐visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy and further characterized by zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy. …”
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Green synthesis of Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticels using Croton caudatus Geisel leaf extract and their biological studies by P.Vijaya Kumar, K.S. Pushpavalli, Baskaran Ganesh Kumar, S.Mary Jelastin Kala, K.S. Prakash

“…Utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination and powder X-ray diffraction, the size of the synthesized nanoparticles was found to be between 12 and 33 nm. …”
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Influence of increasing chromium content on additively manufactured tool steels: Microstructural and mechanical evolution before and after heat treatment by Nicole Ofner, Sabine Carmen Bodner, Peter Kunnas, Atacan Asci, Kevin Kutleša, Andreas Stark, Philipp Höbenreich, Christin Aumayr, Liang Wu, Christoph Turk, Jozef Keckes, Michael Meindlhumer

“…Comprehensive microstructural characterization techniques, including optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy unveiled a clear correlation between the Cr content and the resulting microstructural features and phase occurrences. …”
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Interface effects in the phase determination of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 epitaxial thin films by Jesse Schimpf, Wang Zhang, Mahir Manna, Sandhya Susarla, Xue-Zeng Lu, James M. Rondinelli, Lane W. Martin

“…This substrate effect is found to be more influential than any changes observed from varying the film thickness (7.5–60 nm), deposition environment (oxygen vs argon), and annealing temperature (400–600 °C) in vacuum (10−5 Torr). X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy verify the phases present, and capacitor-based studies reveal ferroelectric behavior (or lack thereof) consistent with the phases observed. …”
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Chemical Pressure-Induced enhancement of electrochemical performance in Ni1-X CuxTe2 (X = 0 and 0.10) layered compounds by Rajkumar Sokkalingam, Manikandan Krishnan, Jesman Sthevan Kovil Pitchai, Sivakumar Periyasamy, Arjun Kumar Bojarajan, Arumugam Sonachalam, Sambasivam Sangaraju

“…This article employed the self-flux technique to successfully generate single crystalline Ni1-XCuXTe2 (X = 0 and 0.10) for electrochemical applications. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) patterns revealed that both compounds have a CdI2-type trigonal structure with a P3m1 space group. …”
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Enhancing water solubility of phytosterols through Co-amorphization with food-grade coformers by Yuxin Li, Yingting Luo, Xuening Song, Yuzhuo Wang, Simiao Liu, Fazheng Ren, Lingyan Kong, Hao Zhang

“…A 20:1 (w/w) PS-Nic co-amorphous (CM) mixture, prepared via freeze-drying, achieved a solubility of 1536.4 μg/mL, significantly higher than pure PS. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the amorphous state of the mixture. …”
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Preparation and Gas-Sensitive Properties of SnO₂@Bi₂O₃ Core-Shell Heterojunction Structure by Jin Liu, Yixin Gao, Yuanyuan Lv, Mengdi Yang, Haoru Guo, Neng Li, Danyang Bai, Anyi Wang

“…The SnO₂@Bi₂O₃ core-shell heterojunction structure was designed and synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and the structure and morphology of the synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). …”
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Forming ability of the WC-based ceramic metal composites with different Fe-based binders by unique laser beam modulation by H.S. Maurya, K. Juhani, F. Sergejev, R. Kumar, A. Hussain, K.G. Prashanth

“…Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis have been used to study the microstructure and phase formation in the fabricated parts. …”
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Synthetic design and analysis on microwave dielectric properties of novel garnet-type Ca3MTiGe3O12 (M = Co, Ni) ceramics by Yuan Nie, Yanjun Liu, Ziqi Zhao, Wenjie Zhang, Fangyi Huang, Huanfu Zhou

“…CCTG and CNTG ceramics sintered at optimal temperatures exhibit excellent microwave dielectric properties with εr = 11.64, Q×f = 45474.73 GHz, τf = −42.01 ppm/°C and εr = 11.58, Q×f = 41346.11 GHz, τf = −45.53 ppm/°C, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the CCTG is single phase while secondary phase is present in CNTG. …”
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Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes by Julia Mazurenko, A. K. Sijo, Larysa Kaykan, Volodymyr Kotsyubynsky, Łukasz Gondek, Antoni Zywczak, Mateusz Marzec, Oleksii Vyshnevskyi

“…The structure of the synthesized material was analyzed through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and further supported by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy. …”
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Exploring Adsorption Performance of Functionalized Mesoporous Silicas with a Different Pore Structure as Strong Cation-Exchange Sorbents for Solid-Phase Extraction of Atropine and... by Fernando L. Vera-Baquero, Sonia Morante-Zarcero, Damián Pérez-Quintanilla, Isabel Sierra

“…The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ²⁹Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. …”
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Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Antimicrobial and Antitumor Studies of Two Zinc(II) Complexes with Pyridine Thiazole Derivatives by Zou Xun-Zhong, Feng An-Sheng, Zeng Fu-Ran, Lai Min-Cheng, Liao Yan-Zhi, Mei Meng, Li Yu

“…Two pyridine thiazole derivatives, namely, 4-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)thiazole (L1) and 4-(pyridin-3-yl)-2-(2-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)thiazole (L2), were afforded by a cyclization reaction between α-haloketone and thioamide, and their Zn(II) complexes were prepared by the reaction of ligands and corresponding metal salts, respectively, and characterized by X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. Both crystals were obtained by ether diffusion and crystallized in a monoclinic system. …”
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