Bismuth Schiff base complex and its oxide nanoparticles as photocatalyst for the removal of dyes from water by Behrouz Shaabani, Shadi Soleimaninia

“…To characterize the products, several techniques including infrared, UV–vis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used. …”
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Effect of Pretreatment with Sulfuric Acid on Catalytic Hydrocracking of Fe/AC Catalysts by Ruiyu Wang, Fei Wang, Ling Liu

“…The properties of catalyst were studied by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that ferric sulfate and acidic centers had synergetic effect on hydrocracking of DNM when using Fe2S3/AC-T as catalyst, the optimal loading of Fe is 9 wt.%. …”
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Preparation and Application of Titanate Nanotubes on Dye Degradation from Aqueous Media by UV Irradiation by Rui Liu, Wein-Duo Yang, Hui-Ju Chueng, Bin-Qiao Ren

“…The morphological changes and phase transformation of the TiO2 nanotubes were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). …”
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Role of Indium Alloying with Lead as a Means to Reduce the Passivation Phenomena in Lead/Acid Batteries by Abdel-Rahman El-Sayed, Hossnia S. Mohran, Hoda Abdel Shafy Shilkamy

“…The composition and microstructure of the corrosion layer on Pb-In alloys are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). …”
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The development and characterization of a novel coagulant for dust suppression in open-cast coal mines by Gang Zhou, Tao Fan, Mao Xu, Han Qiu, Jiayuan Wang, Lei Qiu

“…Subsequently, the functional groups, crystalline structure, and thermal stability of the dust coagulant were examined by means of Fourier transform infrared spectra measurements, X-ray diffraction spectra measurements, and differential scanning calorimeter analysis. …”
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A novel multiple directional shearing interferometry system with synchronous polarization phase shifting by Yahui Zhu, Ailing Tian, Hongjun Wang, Bingcai Liu, Kai Wang

“…The characteristics of crystal birefringence beam modulation, phase grating diffraction, and the polarization phase-shifting array for synchronous phase-shifting interferometry are investigated, based on the specific implementation methods of multi-directional shearing and synchronous polarization phase-shifting. …”
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Research on hot deformation characterization of a new weathering steel through processing map and microstructural observation by Jian Cheng

“…The microstructural changes in the deformed samples were examined using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), which helped elucidate the softening mechanisms inherent in this high-strength steel. …”
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Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Structure and Dielectric Permittivity of BaTiO3/PVDF Composites by Ruitian Bo, Junwang Liu, Chunfeng Wang, Yongliang Wang, Peigang He, Zhidong Han

“…The influences of BT content on the morphological structure, the free volume fraction, and glass transition temperature of the composites were explored according to the simulated results and the experimental ones of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). …”
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Synthesis, Crystal Structure Refinement, and Electrical Conductivity of Pb(8−x)Na2Smx(VO4)6O(x/2) by Tatiana M. Savankova, Lev G. Akselrud, Lyudmyla I. Ardanova, Alexey V. Ignatov, Eugeni I. Get’man, Roman E. Gladyshevskii, Stanislav N. Loboda

“…Solid solutions of Pb(8−x)Na2Smx(VO4)6O(x/2) were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis including Rietveld refinement and scanning electron microscopy and by measuring their electrical conductivity. …”
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The Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on Thermal Stability of the Cured Epoxy/Layered Silicate Nanocomposite by N. Y. Yuhana, S. Ahmad, A. R. Shamsul Bahri

“…Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis were utilized. The mixing of epoxy and Cloisite 30B nanocomposites was performed by mechanical stirring, followed by 1 or 3-hour ultrasonic treatment, and polyetheramine as the curing agent. …”
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Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Started from Graphene Oxide (GO) Using the Tour Method with Different Parameters by Adere Tarekegne Habte, Delele Worku Ayele

“…The GO and rGO were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction patterns. The result showed that treating graphite powder with potassium permanganate (1 : 9) and a mixture of concentrated H2SO4/H3PO4 acids at 50°C for 12 hours resulted in a better oxidation degree. …”
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Synthesis and Properties of a Reinforcing Dust-Cementing Material for Thin Spray-On Liners in Mine Roadways by Gang Zhou, Shuailong Li, Yunlong Ma, Jianfei Ding, Mingguang Zhang

“…Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, and SEM are employed collectively to study the microscale reaction and structure of the product. …”
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Base-Catalyzed Polymerization of a Substituted Methylenebicyclo[3.3.1]nonane by Sujeet Kumar Thakur, Seera Raviteja, Tayur N. Guru Row, Sambasivan Venkat Eswaran

“…This was characterized spectroscopically using mass spectrometry, FT-IR, powder X-ray diffraction, TEM, and NMR studies (1H-NMR, CP-MAS-SS-NMR) which though challenging were useful for confirming the structure of the BCN polymer. …”
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Electrical Resistivity, Tribological Behaviour of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoboron Carbide Particles Reinforced Copper Hybrid Composites for Pantograph Application by N. Selvakumar, K. Gangatharan

“…The effects of the nanoparticle distribution in the matrix, the worn surface morphology, and the elemental composition of the composites were characterized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The electrical resistivity of the fabricated copper hybrid composite preforms was evaluated using a four-point probe tester. …”
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Kinetic investigation of AISI 304 Stainless Steel boronized in indirect heated fluidized bed furnace by Topuz P., Çiçek B., Akar O.

“…Morphologically and typically examinations of borides formed on the surface of steel samples were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Boride layer thickness formed on the steel X5CrNi 18-10 ranges from 12 to 176 μm. …”
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Influence of flow on phosphorus-dynamics and particle size in agricultural drainage ditch sediments. by Jay Capasso, Jehangir H Bhadha, Allan Bacon, Lilit Vardanyan, Raju Khatiwada, Julio Pachon, Mark Clark, Timothy Lang

“…Particle size was determined using a LS 13 320 Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer. Sediments were tested for pH, TP, and organic matter. …”
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Controllable Electrochemical Synthesis and Photovoltaic Performance of Bismuth Oxide/Graphene Oxide Nanostructure Arrays by Fatma Bayrakçeken Nişancı

“…The graphene oxide modified metal oxide electrode was successfully manufactured using an electrochemical method and characterized using potential controlled electrochemical deposition, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction techniques, and Raman measurements. By controlling the deposition period, we can regulate the form and size of electroprecipita-ted bismuth oxide/graphene oxide nanostructures using this electrochemical method from aqueous bismuth oxi-de/graphene oxide suspensions. …”
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Propagation Analysis for Wireless Sensor Networks Applied to Viticulture by Felipe Pinheiro Correia, Marcelo Sampaio de Alencar, Waslon Terllizzie Araújo Lopes, Mauro Soares de Assis, Brauliro Gonçalves Leal

“…It has been noticed that main plantation aisles favor the guided propagation, and the vegetation along the secondary plantation aisles compromises the propagation. Diffraction over the grape trees is the main propagation mechanism in the diagonal propagation path. …”
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Mechanism of aluminum carbide formation in aluminum electrolysis cells by Wang Y.-W., Hao P.-C., Peng J.-P., Di Y.-Z.

“…The Na-GIC characteristics and the products of aluminum and Na-GIC reactions were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. …”
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Crystallization Behavior and Microstructural Analysis of Lead-Rich (𝐏𝐛𝑥𝐒𝐫1−𝑥) TiO𝟑 Glass Ceramics Containing 1 mole %𝐋𝐚𝟐𝐎𝟑 by C. R. Gautam, Devendra Kumar, Om Parkash

“…The glasses were subjected to various heat-treatment schedules for crystallization. X-ray diffraction analysis of these glass ceramic samples shows that major crystalline phase of the entire glass ceramic sample with 𝑥≥0.5 was found to have tetragonal structure similar to PbTiO3 ceramic, and addition of La2O3 enhances the crystallization of the perovskite phase and retards the crystallization of minor phases.…”
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