Alkali Activation of Oil Shale Ash Based Ceramics by A. Hamadi, K. Nabih

“…In our study, X-ray diffraction (XDR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and SEM/EDS analysis were used to evaluate the effect of alkali activation on the structural arrangement of the starting materials (OSA and MOSA) in our study. …”
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Effect of Cr Substitution on Magnetic Properties of Mg Nanoferrites Synthesized by Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Method by M. Raghasudha, D. Ravinder, P. Veerasomaiah

“…The formation of single phase cubic spinel structure of the samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. It is observed that with the increase in the paramagnetic Cr content, the particle size of the ferrite compositions has decreased from 23 nm to 7 nm. …”
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Effect of Catalytic Gasification of Active Carbon from Plum Stones on its Mesoporous Structure by R. Leboda, W. Grzegorczyk, A. Lodyga, A. Dabrowski

“…In addition, samples of the prepared carbon adsorbents were examined by X-ray diffraction.…”
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50 eV O+ ion induced deposition of tin dioxide using tetramethyltin by Satoru Yoshimura, Takae Takeuchi, Masato Kiuchi

“…This procedure deposited films with a thickness of 30 nm and assessments by XPS and X-ray diffraction established that these films were made of tin dioxide.…”
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Synthesis of Layered Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposites of Zinc and Copper by Laser Ablation in Liquid by V. T. Karpukhin, M. M. Malikov, T. I. Borodina, G. E. Val'yano, O. A. Gololobova

“…Dependence of the formation dynamics of these composites on an exposure time of radiation and on an aging time of colloids was studied by the absorption spectroscopy, by X-ray diffraction, by scanning electron (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). …”
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Rapid Synthesis of Dittmarite by Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method by Lai zhenyu, Qian Jueshi, Lu Zhongyuan, Li Qian, Zou Qiulin

“…The resulting samples were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis. …”
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Total Oxidation of Isopropanol in Its Liquid Phase, at a Low Temperature in the Presence of Prepared and Characterized Zinc Oxide by Younes Dehmani, Abdellatif Amhoud, Sadik Abouarnadasse

“…Structural analysis (infrared in Fourier transform and diffraction of X-rays) and textured (adsorption/desorption of N2) were conducted for the wurtzite structure results, an IV type isotherm with a type H3 hysteresis. …”
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Using Ni-Containing TiO2 by Yao-Hsuan Tseng, Bo-Kai Huang

“…The physical analyses were carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmittance electron microscope (TEM), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), to observe changes in particles following nickel modification. …”
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A Comparative Study of the Effect of MgO and CaCO3 as Support Materials in the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes with Fe/Co as Catalyst by Ezekiel D. Dikio, Albert J. Kupeta, Force T. Thema

“…The synthesized carbon nanotubes were characterized with Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). …”
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Amazonian Metakaolin Reactivity for Geopolymer Synthesis by Ruy A. Sá Ribeiro, Marilene G. Sá Ribeiro, Gregory P. Kutyla, Waltraud M. Kriven

“…Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the microstructure of the materials. X-ray diffraction was able to confirm the formation of geopolymer. …”
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Synthesis, Microstructure, Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties of ZnO-ZrO2 Nanocomposite by Jingjun YUAN, Xin YAO

“…Zinc oxide -Zirconium oxide (ZnO-ZrO2) nanocomposite (NC) was prepared using a sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed the tetragonal and hexagonal structures of ZrO2 and ZnO respectively. …”
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Magnetic Properties of Fe and Ni Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles by Ravi Kumar, K.D.Verma, Shalendra Kumar, Mayora Varshney, Aditya Sharma

“…All the samples were prepared using co‐precipitation method. X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDAX), UV‐ visible absorption spectroscopy and room temperature magnetization measurements were performed to study the crystal structure, morphology, elemental analysis, optical band gap and magnetic properties of Fe and Ni doped SnO2. …”
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Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Cemented Paste Backfill under Temperature-Chemical Coupling Conditions by Yin Liu, Hao Li, Haifeng Wu

“…Combined with analysis through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, it is shown that ettringite and gypsum are the main erosive substances that destroy the structure of CPB and that increased temperatures accelerate the chemical reaction. …”
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Creeping Ray Tracing Algorithm for Arbitrary NURBS Surfaces Based on Adaptive Variable Step Euler Method by Song Fu, Yun-Hua Zhang, Si-Yuan He, Xi Chen, Guo-Qiang Zhu

“…Although the uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) could be theoretically applied to arbitrarilyshaped convex objects modeled by nonuniform rational B-splines (NURBS), one of the great challenges in calculation of the UTD surface diffracted fields is the difficulty in determining the geodesic paths along which the creeping waves propagate on arbitrarilyshaped NURBS surfaces. …”
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Assessment of Ruthenium Dye N719 Adsorption Kinetics in Mesoporous TiO2 Films of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells via Nanoplasmonic Sensing by Fahd M. Rajab

“…Analytical studies included scanning electron microscopy and ellipsometry, X-ray diffraction, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, as well as quantum efficiency and current-voltage device characterizations. …”
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Autogenous Deformation of Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag Concrete Subjected to Variable Curing Temperatures by Katalin Orosz, Abeer Humad, Hans Hedlund, Andrzej Cwirzen

“…Shrinkage appeared not to be affected by the activator type, while the expansion developed after the cooling down phase in stabilized isothermal conditions and did not stop within the duration of the tests. X-ray diffraction analysis performed shortly after the cooling down phase indicated the formation of crystalline hydrotalcite, which was associated with the observed expansion. …”
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Biomass derived carbon/platinum nanoparticles as electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution by Shimaa M. Ali

“…Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) is successively prepared by the microwave-assistant citrate method on a biomass-based support, and characterized by X-rays diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. …”
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Magnetic Properties of Well-Aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays Grown by a Simple Hydrothermal Reaction by Jiangni Yun, Rui Qu, Zhiyong Zhang, Jun Li

“…The as-prepared nanorod arrays were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, and magnetization measurements. …”
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Detailed characterization of complex banding in air-cooled bainitic steels by Morales-Rivas L., Roelofs H., Hasler S., Garcia-Mateo C., Caballero F.G.

“…Microstructural and crystallographic studies by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Backscatter Diffraction did not reveal any substantial differences between bands and matrix. …”
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Interactions between Phosphoric/Tannic Acid and Different Forms of FeOOH by Lefu Mei, Libing Liao, Zise Wang, Chunchun Xu

“…Using modern surface analysis technologies such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectra (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we studied the interactions between these four types of synthetic FeOOH and phosphoric and tannic acid of different concentrations and proportions. …”
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