Topology Unveiled: A New Horizon for Economic and Financial Modeling by Yicheng Wei, Junzo Watada, Zijin Wang

“…Sinceits introduction in the 19th century to address geometric problems, topology as a methodology has undergone a series of evolutions, encompassing branches of geometric topology, point-set topology (analytic topology), algebraic topology, and differential topology, gradually permeating into various interdisciplinary applied fields. …”
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