Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study by Elizabeth AK Rowley, Patrick K Mitchell, Duck-Hye Yang, Ned Lewis, Brian E Dixon, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, William F Fadel, Inih J Essien, Allison L Naleway, Edward Stenehjem, Toan C Ong, Manjusha Gaglani, Karthik Natarajan, Peter Embi, Ryan E Wiegand, Ruth Link-Gelles, Mark W Tenforde, Bruce Fireman

“…Methods based on propensity scores (PS) are well-suited to this when the exposure is dichotomous, but present challenges when the exposure is multinomial. …”
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Impaired Mitochondrial Bioenergetics Function in Pediatric Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders by Gisela Chelimsky, Pippa Simpson, Liyun Zhang, Doug Bierer, Steve Komas, Balaraman Kalyanaraman, Thomas Chelimsky

“…Findings and clinical data were compared to healthy control subjects using a Mann–Whitney test for skewed variables, Fisher’s exact test for dichotomous variables, and regression tree for association with functional outcome (functional disability inventory, FDI). …”
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Latarjet procedure versus iliac crest autograft transfer for anterior shoulder instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies by Lang Li, Bofang Zeng, Meng Ding, Sha Wan, Kefu Lin, Zhen Tian

“…The weighted mean difference (WMD) for continuous variables and odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous variables were calculated, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). …”
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The Minimum Dietary Diversity For Women Indicator Can Be Extended To Children And Adolescents aged 4-15 Years As A Proxy Population Indicator For Good Micronutrient Adequacy Of Die... by Loty Diop, Aulo Gelli, Lieven Huybregts, Joanne E Arsenault, Lilia Bliznashka, Erick Boy, Megan Deitchler, Carl Lachat, Mourad Moursi, Angelica M Ochoa-Avilés, Deanna K Olney, Elodie Becquey

“…Conclusions: The continuous FGS-10 and dichotomous FGS-10 ≥ 5 may be extended to 4–15-y-old children/adolescents in LMICs. …”
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Social vulnerability and genetic service utilization among unaffected BRIDGE trial patients with inherited cancer susceptibility by Jemar R. Bather, Melody S. Goodman, Adrian Harris, Guilherme Del Fiol, Rachel Hess, David W. Wetter, Daniel Chavez-Yenter, Lingzi Zhong, Lauren Kaiser-Jackson, Rachelle Chambers, Richard Bradshaw, Wendy Kohlmann, Sarah Colonna, Whitney Espinel, Rachel Monahan, Saundra S. Buys, Ophira Ginsburg, Kensaku Kawamoto, Kimberly A. Kaphingst, on behalf of the BRIDGE research team

“…We used encounters from the electronic health record (EHR) to measure the uptake of genetic counseling and testing, including dichotomous measures of (1) whether participants initiated pre-test cancer genetic services, (2) completed pre-test cancer genetic services, (3) had genetic testing ordered, and (4) completed genetic testing. …”
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Prolonged venous transit is associated with worse neurological recovery in successfully reperfused large vessel strokes by Janet Mei, Hamza Adel Salim, Dhairya A. Lakhani, Licia Luna, Aneri Balar, Mona Shahriari, Nathan Z. Hyson, Francis Deng, Adam A. Dmytriw, Adrien Guenego, Vaibhav Vagal, Victor C. Urrutia, Elisabeth B. Marsh, Hanzhang Lu, Risheng Xu, Rich Leigh, Dylan Wolman, Gaurang Shah, Benjamin Pulli, Kambiz Nael, Gregory W. Albers, Max Wintermark, Jeremy J. Heit, Tobias D. Faizy, Argye E. Hillis, Raf Llinas, Vivek Yedavalli

“…The primary outcome was continuous NIHSS percent change and dichotomous NIHSS percent change ≥70%. Regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of PVT on NIHSS percent change. …”
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Association of Alanine Aminotransferase and Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis—NHANES 2009–2012 by R. Constance Wiener, Usha Sambamoorthi, Richard J. Jurevic

“…Serum Alanine Aminotransferase was dichotomized at 40 units/liter, and periodontitis was dichotomized to the presence or absence of periodontitis. …”
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ASA score is an independent predictor of 1-year outcome after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury by Olivia Kiwanuka, Philipp Lassarén, Alexander Fletcher-Sandersjöö, Charles Tatter, Jonathan Tjerkaski, David W. Nelson, Eric P. Thelin

“…The primary outcome was 1-year Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS, dichotomized as GOS1-3 (unfavorable) vs. 4–5 (favorable)), and secondary outcome was 90-day mortality. …”
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Doulas como "amortecedores afetivos" Notas etnográficas sobre uma nova acompanhante de parto by Soraya Fleischer

“…My argument is that this profession is configuring an ethos that is consistent with the movement for the humanization of delivery and birth, uses dichotomic categories and at the same time maintains a great fluidity between them. …”
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: When Natural Friends Turn into Enemies—The Importance of CpG Motifs of Bacterial DNA in Intestinal Homeostasis and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation by Florian Obermeier, Claudia Hofmann, Werner Falk

“…In contrast bacterial DNA essentially contributes to the perpetuation of an already established chronic intestinal inflammation in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)9-dependent manner. This dichotomic action may be explained by a different activation status of essential regulators of TLR signaling like Glycogen synthase kinase 3-𝛽 (GSK3-𝛽) depending on the pre-activation status of the intestinal immune system. …”
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Dendritic Cells and Leishmania Infection: Adding Layers of Complexity to a Complex Disease by Daniel Feijó, Rafael Tibúrcio, Mariana Ampuero, Cláudia Brodskyn, Natalia Tavares

“…However, several reports showed a dichotomic role of DCs in modulating the host immune response to susceptibility or resistance in CL. …”
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On the Characterization of Hankel and Toeplitz Operators Describing Switched Linear Dynamic Systems with Point Delays by M. De la Sen

“…The case of the auxiliary unforced system defined by the matrix of undelayed dynamics being dichotomic (i.e., it has no eigenvalue on the complex imaginary axis) is considered in detail. …”
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Az ontológiai ugráson innen és túl – az idős Lukács egy lehetséges (militáns) olvasata by István Szentistványi

“…Sokkal inkább jellemzi az a dichotóm szerkezet, amely a tőkelogika uralma és annak meghaladása között teremt kibékíthetetlen ellentétet. …”
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Dichotomies with No Invariant Unstable Manifolds for Autonomous Equations by Răzvan O. Moşincat, Ciprian Preda, Petre Preda

“…Roughly speaking, we prove that if the solution of the corresponding inhomogeneous difference equation belongs to any sequence space (on which the right shift is an isometry) for every inhomogeneity from the same class of sequence spaces, then the continuous-time solutions of the autonomous homogeneous differential equation will exhibit a (no past) exponential dichotomic behavior. This approach has many advantages among which we emphasize on the facts that the aforementioned condition is very general (since the class of sequence spaces that we use includes almost all the known sequence spaces, as the classical ℓ𝑝 spaces, sequence Orlicz spaces, etc.) and that from discrete-time conditions we get information about the continuous-time behavior of the solutions.…”
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Load Balancing Selection Method and Simulation in Network Communication Based on AHP-DS Heterogeneous Network Selection Algorithm by Weiwei Xiao

“…Firstly, the training data is obtained from the collaborative algorithm, and it is used as the training set, and the network attributes are used as the attribute set, and the continuous attributes are discretized by dichotomization, and the attribute that can make the greatest information gain is selected as the division feature, and a decision tree with strong generalization ability is finally obtained, which is used as the decision basis for network access selection. …”
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Relations entre l’estime de soi et l’état de santé « objectif » des aînés by Enguerran Macia, Gilles Boëtsch, Nicole Chapuis-Lucciani

“…On the other hand, and without dichotomizing self-esteem, analysis of cause indicates that the relation between age and self-esteem (entered in the model as a continuous variable) was mediated by physical incapacities and institutionalization.These results are discussed through the social activities theory, and through power relationships inherent in dependency.…”
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Inflammatory Markers as Prognostic Factors of Survival in Patients Affected by Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Transarterial Chemoembolization by A. Rebonato, L. Graziosi, D. Maiettini, E. Marino, V. De Angelis, L. Brunese, S. Mosca, G. Metro, M. Rossi, G. Orgera, M. Scialpi, A. Donini

“…The overall study population was dichotomized in two groups according to the median NLR value and was analyzed also according to other prognostic factors. …”
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Radiological and Clinical Prognostic Factors of Recurrence of Subacute and Chronic Subdural Hematomas by Milda Paliulytė, Gytis Šustickas

“…Mean of the patients age was 71.1±15 years. Dichotomizing results based on recurrence (cut-off value of 25%), 2 groups were made: 1) low reoperation rate –hypodense sedimented (10%), isodense (21.6%), hypodense (22.2%); 2) high reoperation rate – hypodense bridging (26.7%), hypodense trabecular (27.8%), hypodense with acute bleeding (28.6%), hypodense laminar (30%), isodense with acute bleeding (33.3%). …”
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CAPITAL WITHOUT STATEHOOD: EMPIRICAL STUDIES IN STARAYA LADOGA, KASIMOV AND MYSHKIN by I. Y. Okunev, D. V. Basova

“…The existence of one dichotomic pole should confirm the existence of the opposite. …”
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A Clinically-Reasoned Approach to Manual Therapy in Sports Physical Therapy by Steven Short, Matthew Tuttle, Dillon Youngman

“…Symptom modification techniques have been recently dichotomously labeled as either passive or active therapies. …”
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