Distance Learning and the Quality of Teacher Education in Rwanda: A Case Study of Byumba Distance Learning by Anastase, Mvuyekure

“…In closed-ended questions, participants were allowed to choose from a pre-existing set of dichotomous answers, such as yes or no. A small number of leading questions that required answers like "strongly agree" or "strongly disagree" were also used to get an opinion from the respondents in limited words. …”
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Pain assessment and management of adult patients in the Swedish EMS: a nationwide registry study by Glenn Larsson, Pär Wennberg, Kristoffer Wibring

“…Chi-square tests were applied for dichotomous variables, while Kruskal–Wallis tests were used for ordinal data. …”
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Nurses' knowledge and its determinants in surgical site infection prevention: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. by Tesfaye Engdaw Habtie, Sefineh Fenta Feleke, Aregash Birhan Terefe, Addis Wondmagegn Alamaw, Melsew Dagne Abate

“…In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the pooled proportion of nurses with good knowledge of surgical site infection prevention is 62% (95% CI: 50-74%) when assessed using a dichotomous scale. However, when knowledge is measured using a three-point Likert scale, the pooled proportion of those with good knowledge drops to 46% (95% CI: 21-72%), with an additional 27% (95% CI: 16-38%) demonstrating fair or moderate knowledge.…”
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Relationship Between Single-Leg Vertical Jump and Drop Jump Performance, and Return to Sports After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Graft by Shunsuke Ohji, Junya Aizawa, Kenji Hirohata, Takehiro Ohmi, Tomoko Kawasaki, Hideyuki Koga, Kazuyoshi Yagishita

“…Those who answered "Yes" to the dichotomous question and had a postoperative subjective athletic performance of \> 80% were categorized into the Yes-RTS group. …”
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African animal trypanocide resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Keneth, Iceland Kasozi, Ewan, Thomas MacLeod, Susan, Christina Welburn

“…Data were cleaned using the SR deduplicator and covidence and analyzed using Cochrane RevMan®. Dichotomous outputs were presented using risk ratio (RR), while continuous data were presented using the standardized mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval. …”
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Distance Learning and the Quality of teacher Education in Rwanda: A case Study of Byumba. by Anastase, Mvuyekure

“…In closed-ended questions, participants were allowed to choose from a pre-existing set of dichotomous answers, such as yes/no. A small number of leading questions that required answers like strongly agree or disagree were also used to get an opinion from the respondents in limited words. …”
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A Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict Medical Device Recall by the Food and Drug Administration by Victor Barbosa Slivinskis, Isabela Agi Maluli, Joshua Seth Broder

“…The algorithm output a continuous value (0–1) for recall probability for each device, which were rounded for dichotomous analysis. We determined sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for each of three time periods prior to recall (T-3, 6, or 12 months), using FDA recall status as the reference standard. …”
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Reliability and Measurement Error of the Qualitative Analysis of Single Leg Loading (QASLS) Tool For Unilateral Tasks by Gemma N Parry, Lee C Herrington, Allan G Munro

“…Qualitative analysis of single leg loading (QASLS) is a new clinical assessment tool for unilateral tasks that utilizes a dichotomous scoring system of ten questions relating to the segmental body regions of the trunk, lower and upper limb…”
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African animal trypanocide resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Keneth Iceland, Kasozi, Ewan, Thomas MacLeod, Susan, Christina Welburn

“…Data were cleaned using the SR deduplicator and covidence and analyzed using Cochrane RevMan®. Dichotomous outputs were presented using risk ratio (RR), while continuous data were presented using the standardized mean difference (SMD) at a 95% confidence interval. …”
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Is surgery superior for distal ulna fractures? a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis by Zakaria Chabihi, Brahim Demnati, Mohamed Moussadiq, Tariq Aalil, Yassine Fath El Khir, El Mehdi Boumediane, Mohamed Amine Benhima, Imad Abkari

“…The meta-analysis used standardized mean differences for continuous outcomes and log odds ratios for dichotomous outcomes. Results The initial search yielded 1253 studies, which were narrowed down to 12 studies suitable for review after removing duplicates and irrelevant articles. …”
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Association between mixed exposure of non-persistent pesticides and liver fibrosis in the general US population: NHANES 2013–2016 by Shuge Shu, Yuan Li, Xiangyu Yu, Xinting Chen, Ummara Abdullah, Yongquan Yu

“…In single exposure analysis, significant and persistent associations were identified for 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCPY), para-nitrophenol (PNP), glyphosate (GLYP) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) exposure with both continuous and dichotomous liver fibrosis outcomes. Of them, TCPY and GLYP had the highest effect estimates, with the corresponding FIB-4 coefficient (β) being 0.09 (0.05–0.13, model 3) and 0.09 (0.06–0.12, model 3), respectively. …”
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Nutritional intake of micronutrient and macronutrient and type 2 diabetes: machine learning schemes by Mohammad Rashidmayvan, Amin Mansoori, Elahe Derakhshan-Nezhad, Davoud Tanbakuchi, Fatemeh Sangin, Maryam Mohammadi-Bajgiran, Malihehsadat Abedsaeidi, Sara Ghazizadeh, MohammadReza Mohammad Taghizadeh Sarabi, Ali Rezaee, Gordon Ferns, Habibollah Esmaily, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan

“…LR is a statistical model applied in dichotomous response variable modeling. All data were analyzed by SPSS (Version 22) and SAS JMP software. …”
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ASA score is an independent predictor of 1-year outcome after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury by Olivia Kiwanuka, Philipp Lassarén, Alexander Fletcher-Sandersjöö, Charles Tatter, Jonathan Tjerkaski, David W. Nelson, Eric P. Thelin

“…The primary outcome was 1-year Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS, dichotomized as GOS1-3 (unfavorable) vs. 4–5 (favorable)), and secondary outcome was 90-day mortality. …”
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Doulas como "amortecedores afetivos" Notas etnográficas sobre uma nova acompanhante de parto by Soraya Fleischer

“…My argument is that this profession is configuring an ethos that is consistent with the movement for the humanization of delivery and birth, uses dichotomic categories and at the same time maintains a great fluidity between them. …”
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Danish mothers of young children adhere less to international physical activity guidelines compared with mothers of older children by Solvej Videbæk Bueno, Sebastian Deisting Skejø, Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen, Knud Ryom, Per Kallestrup, Peter Elsborg, Christina Bjørk Petersen, Julie Sandell Jacobsen

“…The primary outcome was weekly hours of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, dichotomized into adherers or non-adherers to WHO guidelines. …”
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A Clinically-Reasoned Approach to Manual Therapy in Sports Physical Therapy by Steven Short, Matthew Tuttle, Dillon Youngman

“…Symptom modification techniques have been recently dichotomously labeled as either passive or active therapies. …”
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Limitations of Separating Athletes into High or Low-Risk Groups based on a Cut-Off. A Clinical Commentary by Justin M. Losciale, Linda K. Truong, Patrick Ward, Gary S. Collins, Garrett S. Bullock

“…When a cut-off is used in analyses, information is lost, leading to potentially misleading results and less accurate injury risk prediction. Dichotomizing a continuous variable using a cut-off should be avoided. …”
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Lower Extremity Kinematic Waveform Analysis During a Single Leg Drop Task – Including a Single Subject Design by Nickolai JP Martonick, Youngmin Chun, Lukas Krumpl, Joshua P Bailey

“…Until a method is developed to adequately dichotomize lower extremities during the SLD task, a single subject design strategy be used with group analysis when making bilateral comparisons…”
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Performance in organic chemistry at either a four-year university or community college predicts academic performance in an accelerated school of pharmacy by Troy J. Smith, Jason Ross, Charles R. Breese, Melissa A. Burmeister

“…Students were then dichotomized into two subcategories based on whether they received an above average (i.e., A or B) or average (i.e., C) grade in organic chemistry I or II. …”
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Pilot application of an inflammation and physiological dysregulation index based on noninvasive salivary biomarkers by Andrey I. Egorov, William Xue, Jason Kobylanski, Miyu Fuzawa, Shannon M. Griffin, Timothy J. Wade, Michael Nye

“…A composite Inflammation and Physiological Dysregulation Index (IPDI) was calculated as a count of potentially unhealthy values of dichotomized biomarkers. In 20 individuals who completed the survey (average age 46 years, 75% females), allergy to house dust was significantly associated with increased IPDI (adjusted for age) and significantly increased odds of potentially unhealthy values of total IgA, IL-1β, and CRP. …”
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