“A Dangerous Black Box:” Idiopathic Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Adult Patients—A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Nada Agbariah, Javier Sanz, Alicia Rovó

“…The occurrence of HLH idiopathic forms represents a challenge; failure to identify the underlying triggering cause generates uncertainty, endless diagnostic investigations, and consequently additional delays in the treatment. …”
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Gastric Perforation with Omental Patch Repair: A Rare Complication of Pulmonary Resuscitation in COVID-19 Pneumonia by Vincent Marcucci, Ratul Bhattacharyya, Stephanie Yee, Jamshed Zuberi, Mark Ingram

“…Significant abdominal distention and subsequent diagnostic imaging showed pneumoperitoneum and a possible perforation of the stomach. …”
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Chronic Appendicitis: Possible Differential Diagnosis in Patients with Chronic Abdominal Pain by Iva Ljubas, Ivana Jurca, Dora Grgić

“…We represent a case report of chronic appendicitis where the patient’s clinical picture led the diagnostics and treatment in different directions and delayed the diagnosis. …”
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Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy by Yu. B. Uspenskaya, A. A. Sheptulin

“…To present the modern concept of etiology and pathogenesis of the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and the modern diagnostic and treatment approaches to gastroenterologists. …”
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Role of Coagulation Factors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Literature Review by Azeem Azam, Aleksandra Klisic, Filiz Mercantepe, Hamza Faseeh, Tolga Mercantepe, Saira Rafaqat

“…Essential coagulation biomarkers, such as P-selectin, thrombomodulin, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-dimer, prothrombin, and von Willebrand factor, are reviewed for their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance. …”
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A Case of Femoral Arteriovenous Fistula Causing High-Output Cardiac Failure, Originally Misdiagnosed as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by J. Porter, Q. Al-Jarrah, S. Richardson

“…Percutaneous arterial catheterisation is commonly undertaken for a range of diagnostic and interventional procedures. Iatrogenic femoral arteriovenous fistulas are an uncommon complication of these procedures. …”
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Ameloblastoma of the Nasal Septum Origin: A Case Report by Hanna Temporale, Tomasz Zatoński, Anna Roszkowska, Tomasz Kręcicki

“…Nonspecific clinical features of sinonasal ameloblastoma make it extremely important to perform accurate diagnostic imaging and histopathological examination.…”
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Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria in an Adult with Respiratory Syncytial Virus by Ryan Leibrandt, Kenneth Angelino, Monique Vizel-Schwartz, Ilan Shapira

“…The Donath–Landsteiner (DL) test, the diagnostic test for PCH, was positive on two separate occasions. …”
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Lessons Learned and Questions Raised by an Atypical Case of Clozapine-Induced Myocarditis by Charles H. Earnshaw, Lucy Powell, Owen Haeney

“…Given the incidence of clozapine-induced myocarditis, the associated mortality risk, and diagnostic difficulties, this case raises questions about whether a formal system for identifying myocarditis should be adopted.…”
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Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract Reduces Pneumonia and Mortality by Lenneke E. M. Haas, Marcus J. Schultz

“…Indeed, many different prophylactic antimicrobial regimes were tested, and dissimilar diagnostic criteria for pneumonia were applied amongst the trials. …”
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Cinnamon treatment shows promise for glycemic control but may cause adverse effects in some people by Laura del Bosque-Plata, Claudia Gragnoli

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Multiple Sclerosis Presenting with Facial Twitching (Myokymia and Hemifacial Spasms) by Risha Hertz, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna, Doug Stranges

“…MS is diagnosed by physical examination, diagnostic imaging, and examination of cerebral spinal fluid. …”
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Graves’ Disease Presenting as a Unilateral Breast Mass by Neeka N. Akhavan, Edlira Maska

“…Laboratory evaluation revealed suppressed TSH and elevated free T4. A bilateral diagnostic mammogram revealed bilateral gynecomastia. …”
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Machine learning and facial recognition for down syndrome detection: A comprehensive review by Khosro Rezaee

“…The findings suggest that while AI-driven facial recognition systems hold promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, they must be complemented with traditional clinical methods and improved datasets to ensure reliable and equitable healthcare outcomes.…”
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Osteoporosis Syndrome in Thalassaemia Major: An Overview by Meropi Toumba, Nicos Skordis

“…It is still questionable whether the international criteria for defining osteopenia and osteoporosis are relevant to patients with TM; also a question arises for the diagnostic methods such as DEXA scan and management of osteoporosis with known treatment protocols, in the thalassaemic patient.…”
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Retropharyngeal effusion secondary to calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle: A case report and brief review of the literature by Musharaf Khan, DO, Subtain Ali, MD, Dhairya A Lakhani, MD

“…CT imaging is the preferred diagnostic tool, showing retropharyngeal and prevertebral effusions with minimal or no peripheral enhancement, often accompanied by calcifications in the superior fibers of the longus colli tendon. …”
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More than meets the eye: Nocardia farcinica, Candida dubliniensis and Aspergillus spp. co-infection in a patient with multiple myeloma treated with multiple treatment regimens by Lotte Vrijders, Erwin Ho, Danielle Van der Beek, Inge Vrelust, Heleen Nailis

“…N. farcinica treatment was continued indefinitely with co-trimoxazole and moxifloxacin after regression at discharge of brain abscesses and the pulmonary aspergilloma. Conclusion The diagnostic challenges and management in this particularly vulnerable patient are highlighted.…”
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Effect of Absorption and Scattering on Fluorescence of Buried Tumours by Kawthar M. K. Alghourani, Wesam Bachir, George Karraz

“…This can enhance the detectability of malignant tissue for diagnostic and surgical purposes as well.…”
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KL-6 Mucin as Serum Tumor Marker of Metastatic Renal Cancer: A Case Report by Kyohei Ishida, Go Hasegawa, Toshinori Takada, Akira Ogose, Gen Kawaguchi, Yohei Ikeda, Hiroki Nishiyama, Noboru Hara, Tsutomu Nishiyama

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From Genetics to Genomics of Epilepsy by Silvio Garofalo, Marisa Cornacchione, Alfonso Di Costanzo

“…The introduction of DNA microarrays and DNA sequencing technologies in medical genetics and diagnostics has been a challenge that has significantly transformed medical practice and patient management. …”
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